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Access to the eBook is limited to the first individual who redeems the PIN, located on the inside cover of this book, at expertconsult.inkling.com and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending, or other means. 2015v1.0 SMALL ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND 4 th EDITION SMALL ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND Editors John S. Mattoon, DVM, DACVR Clinical Professor Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman, Washington Rance K. Sellon, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine; Oncology) Associate Professor Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman, Washington Clifford R. Berry, DVM, DACVR Diagnostic Imaging and Academic Coordinator Vet-CT Orlando, Florida Courtesy Professor, University of Florida | Veterinary Hospitals Gainesville, Florida Elsevier 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 SMALL ANIMAL DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND, FOURTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-53337-9 Copyright © 2021 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2015, 2002, 1995 by Saunders, an afliate of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this feld are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verifcation of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2015, 2002, 1995 Library of Congress Control Number: 2020941163 Content Strategist: Jennifer Catando Senior Content Development Manager: Luke Held Senior Content Development Specialist: Beth LoGiudice Publishing Services Manager: Deepthi Unni Project Manager: Janish Ashwin Paul Design Direction: Patrick Ferguson Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 We dedicate this 4th edition to Dr. Thomas G. Nyland, an outstanding mentor and a founding father of veterinary ultrasound. We could not have done this without you. J.S.M., C.R.B., and R.K.S. C O N T R I B U TO R S EDITORS Megan Duffy, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Oncology) BluePearl Pet Hospital John S. Mattoon, DVM, DACVR Eden Prairie, Minnesota Clinical Professor Spleen Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Megan Grobman, DVM, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Small Animal Pullman, Washington Internal Medicine) Assistant Professor, Small Animal Internal Medicine Department of Clinical Sciences Rance K. Sellon, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM (Small College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Internal Medicine; Oncology) Auburn University Associate Professor Auburn, Alabama Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Thorax College of Veterinary Medicine Washington State University Pullman, Washington Ashley Hanna, DVM, MS, DACVR Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Clifford R. Berry, DVM, DACVR College of Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Imaging and Academic Coordinator Washington State University Vet-CT Pullman, Washington Orlando, Florida Musculoskeletal System Courtesy Professor University of Florida | Veterinary Hospitals Gainesville, Florida Allison Heaney, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Cardiology) Petcardia Veterinary Cardiology Referral Service CONTRIBUTORS Various Locations, Colorado John D. Bonagura, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Cardiology, Instructional “How-To” Videos—Echocardiography Internal Medicine) Professor Emeritus Martha Moon Larson, DVM, MS, DACVR The Ohio State University Professor of Radiology Columbus, Ohio Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences Department of Clinical Sciences Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Section of Cardiology Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University College of Veterinary Medicine Blacksburg, Virginia North Carolina State University Liver Raleigh, North Carolina Echocardiography Yuri Lawrence, DVM, MA, MS, PhD, DACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine) Alison Clode, DVM, DACVO Austin Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Port City Veterinary Referral Hospital Austin, Texas Portsmouth, New Hampshire Liver Eye Gregory R. Lisciandro, DVM, DABVP, DACVECC Autumn Davidson, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Small Animal Hill Country Veterinary Specialists Internal Medicine) CEO, FASTVet.com Clinical Professor President, International Veterinary Point-of-Care Ultrasound Department of Medicine and Epidemiology Society (IVPOCUS) School of Veterinary Medicine Spicewood, Texas University of California, Davis Point-of-Care Ultrasound Davis, California Prostate and Testes Ovaries and Uterus vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Virginia Luis Fuentes, MA, VetMB, PhD, CertVR, DVC, Jennifer E. Slovak, DVM, MS, DACVIM (Small Animal MRCVS, DACVIM (Cardiology), DECVIM Internal Medicine) Professor of Veterinary Cardiology Animal Medical Center Department of Clinical Sciences and Services New York, New York The Royal Veterinary College Pancreas North Mymms Gastrointestinal Tract Hatfeld, United Kingdom Echocardiography Shelly L. Vaden, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (Small Animal Internal Medicine) Dana A. Neelis, DVM, MS, DACVR, DACVR-EDI Professor, Internal Medicine Animal Imaging Department of Clinical Sciences Irving, Texas North Carolina State College of Veterinary Medicine Neck North Carolina State University Thorax Raleigh, North Carolina Gastrointestinal Tract Urinary Tract Adrenal Glands William Richard Widmer, DVM, MS, DACVR Tina Owen, DVM, DACVS Professor Emeritus Clinical Associate Professor College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine West Lafayette, Indiana Washington State University Adjunct Professor of Radiology Pullman, Washington College of Veterinary Medicine Musculoskeletal System Lincoln Memorial University Harrogate, Tennessee Peritoneal Cavity Fluid, Lymph Nodes, Masses, Peritoneal Rachel E. Pollard, DVM, DACVR, PhD Cavity, Great Vessel Thrombosis, Urinary Tract Professor Surgical and Radiological Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine Tamara Wills, DVM, MS, DACVP (Clinical Pathology, University of California, Davis Anatomic Pathology) Davis, California Veterinary Pathology Independent Contractor Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration and Biopsy Procedures Pullman, Washington Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration and Biopsy Procedures H. Mark Saunders, VMD, DACVR New England Animal Medical Center West Bridgewater, Massachusetts Instructional “How-To” Videos—Abdominal Ultrasound