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www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials vè;k;&7 funZs'ku funZs'ku dk vFkZ%& fun'Zs ku dk vfHkizk; laxBu eas ekuo lalkèku dks funZ'k nus k] mldk ekxZn'kZu djuk] lans'kokgu djuk o mls vfHkizsfjr djuk gS rkfd mí's ;ksa dk s ikzIr fd;k tk ldAs funZs'ku esa fuEufyf[kr lfEefyr gSa%& (d) mPpvfèkdkjh }kjk vfèkuLFk dks vkns'k nus kA ([k) deZpkfj;ksa dk i;z Zos{k.k] tc o s dke dj jgs gksaA (x) vfèkuL;ksa dks vkSj vfèkd dq'kyrk ls dk;Z dju s d s fy, vfHkiszfjr djukA (?k) laLFkk ds mí's ;ksa dks izkIr dju s ds fy, vfèkuLFkksa dk s usr`Ro djukA fo'ks"krk,sa%& 1- funZs'ku xfrfofèk dks izkjEHk djrk gS%& icz Uèk d s vU; dk;Z xfrfofèk grs q vkèkkj rS;kj djr s gSa ijUrq funsZ'ku laxBu ds Hkhrj dk;Z dk s ikzjEHk djrk gSA 2- funZs'ku izcUèk ds izR;sd Lrj ij gksrk gS%& mPpLrjh; icz Uèkd ls ysdj fuEuLrjh; izcUèkd rd lHkh funZ's ku dk dk;Z djrs gSaA 3- funZs'ku ,d fujarj pyus okyh izfØ;k gS%& funZs'ku i;oZ {s k.k] lan's kokgu] usrR` o ,ao vfHkiszj.kk dh fujarj :i ls pyu s okyh izfØ;k gkrs h gSA ;g laxBu esa thouHkj pyrh jgrh gSA 4- funZs'ku dk izokg Åij ls uhps dh vkjs gksrk gSA ;g mPp Lrjh; izcUèk ls 'kq: gkds j fuEuLrjh; izcUèk ij lekIr gksrk gSA funZs'ku dk egÙo%& funsZ'ku dk egRo fuEufyf[kr rF;ka s l s Li"V gkrs k gS%& O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII 91 www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials 1- ;g xfr'khyrk iznku djrk gS%& laxBu esa O;fDr dsoy rc dk;Z 'kq: djr s gSa tc os viu s ofj"B vfèkdkfj;ksa l s fun'sZ k ikzIr djrs gASa ;g funsZ'ku dk;Z gh gS tks ;kts ukvksa dk s ifj.kkeka s esa cnyus gsrq okLrfod dk;Z dk ikzjEHk djrk gSA 2- deZpkfj;ksa ds iz;klksa dks ,dhdj.k djuk%& laxBu eas lHkh fØ;k,a ,d&nwljs ls tqM+h jgrh gSA vr% lHkh fØ;kvksa eas lkeatL; LFkkfir djuk vko';d gSA funsZ'ku i;Zo{s k.k] fn'kk&funsZ'k o lykg d s }kjk vèkhuLFkkas dh xfrfofèk;ksa dks lefZUor djrk gSA 3- ;g vfHkizsj.kk dk ekè;e gS%& laLFkk ds mí's ;ka s dk s vfHkiszfjr depZ kjh gh iwjk dj ldr s gSaA vfHkijsz .kk dk dke izcUèk ds funsZ'ku dk;Z }kjk lEiUu fd;k tkrk gSA 4- ;g ifjorZu dks ykxw djuk laHko cukrk gS%& izk;% depZ kjh ftl rjg d s <k¡ps esa dke dj jg s gkrs s gSa] os mleas dksbZ ifjorZu Lohdkj ugha djrAs izcUèkd funsZ'ku ds ekè;e l s depZ kfj;ksa dk s bl idz kj rS;kj djrs gSa fd o s ifjorZukas dks Lohdkj djus yxrs gSaA 5- ;g laxBu esa larqyu LFkkfir djrk gS%& dHkh&dHkh O;fDrxr o laLFkkxr mís';ksa esa la?k"kZ iSnk gk s tkrk gSA fun'Zs ku bu la?k"kk Zs dk s nwj djrk gS vkSj laxBu esa larqyu LFkkfir dju s eas lgk;rk djrk gSA izŒ Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds fn'kk&funZs'k vuqlkj ,d jk"Vªh;Ïr cSad dqN cM+s cnyko djus tk jgk gSA VªsM ;wfu;u ds izHkko ds rgr Jfed izfrjksèk fn[kk jgs gSa D;ksafd mUgsa viuh ukSdjh [kksus dk Mj gSA izcaèk ds fdl dk;Z ls bl fLFkfr esa lqèkkj fd;k tk ldrk gS\ izŒ “Look Good Cosmetics Ltd.” dh ;g uhfr gS fd og vius fcØh izcaèkd dks fuf{kr osru ds vykok deh'ku Hkh iznku djrs gSaA vfèkd deh'ku ikus dh pkg ls izcaèkd fcØh c<+kuk pkgrs gSaA os izcaèkd ls “One nail paint free with three lipstics” dh ;kstuk 'kq: djus dh flQkfj'k djrs gSaA ijarq mPp vfèkdkjh bls vLohdkj djnsrs gSa D;ksafd bl ;kstuk ls QeZ dks uqdlku gks ldrk gSA izcaèkd dk dkSu lk dk;Z bl Vdjko dk lekèkku dj ldrk gS\ 92 O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials funZs'ku esa rRo%& 1- i;Zos{k.k%& f bldk vfHkizk; viu s vèkhuLFkksa d s fnu&izfrfnu d s dke dh ixz fr dh ns[kHkky dju s ,oa mudk ekxZn'kuZ djus l s gSA i;Zos{k.k esa ,d egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd ;g vfèkdkjh ,oa vèkhuLFk ea s vkeu&s lkeu s gkrs k gSA 2- vfHkizsj.kk%& O;kolkf;d laxBu ds nf`"Vdk.s k l s vfHkizjs .kk ls vfHkizk; laxBukRed mís';kas dks izkIr dju s gsrq lHkh Lrj d s fy, rS;kj djuk gSA bleas O;fDr;ksa dh t:jrkas ,o s bPNkvksa dk s txkuk HKh lfEefyr gkrs k gS rkfd mud s O;ogkj dk s bfPNr fn'kk esa funfsZ'kr fd;k tk ldAs 3- usr`Ro%& usr`Ro og fØ;k gS ftld s }kjk fdlh O;fDr dk s bl izdkj iHz kkfor fd;k tkrk gS fd og LoPs Nk l s laxBukRed mís';kas dks izkIr dju s dh vksj iz;kljr gks tkrk gSA urs `Ro fdlh O;fDr dh og ;kXs ;rk gS ftld s }kjk og viu s rFkk mUgas laxBukRed mí's ;ka s dk s izkIr dju s grs q vfHkifszjr djr ikrk gSA lHkh Lrj d s icz Uèkdka s ls ;g vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os viu s vafèkuLFkksa dks urs `Ro inz ku djasA 4- lEizs"k.k%& laisz"k.k nk s vFkok nk s l s vfèkd O;fDr;ksa d s eè; rF;ksa] fopkjksa lEefr;kas ,oa Hkkoukvkas dk fofue; gSA laisz{k.k fopkjkas lEefr;kas ,oa Hkkoukvkas dk fofue; gSA laiz"s k.k fopkjksa dks ,d O;fDr ls nwljs O;fDr rd igq¡pku s ,oa le>kus dh dyk gSA O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII 93 www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials izŒ Jh [kUuk dks gky gh esa vesfjdk ls MBA iwjh djus ds ckn “Interior Decoration” QeZ esa dke fey x;kA og ;g lksprs gSa fd ekuo lalkèku daiuh ds cgqr egRoiw.kZ lalkèku gSA blfy,%& (d) mudh izxfr ij utj j[kdj mUgsa le>kus dh t+:jr gSA (x) mUgsa oafNr rjhds ls dk;Z djokus ds fy, izsfjr djuk vko';d gSA mijksDr esa of.Zr izcaèk ds dk;Z dh igpku dj mlds rRoksa ds uke fyf[k,A i;Zos{k.k i;Zos{k.k ls vfHkikz; vius v/khuLFkksa dh dk;Z ij tkp¡ djuk vkSj mUga s dk;Z lEcU/kh funZs'k vkSj izf'k{k.k nus s l s gSA i;Zos{k.k dk egÙo@i;Zos{kd dh Hkwfedk 1- deZpkfj;ksa rFkk izcaèk ds eè; dM+h%& i;Zos{kd icz Uèkdka s ,oa Jfedkas d s chp ,d egRoiw.k Z dM+h d s :i eas dk;Z djrk gS] og Jfedksa dks icz Uèk dh uhfr;k¡ crkrk gS rFkk depZ kfj;ksa dh leL;kvksa ij izcaèk dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djrk gSA 2- funZs'kksa dks tkjh fd;k tkuk%& fu;a=.k dk vk'k; okLrfod ,oa fu;ksftr mRikn esa rkyeys cSBkuk@ fcBkuk gkrs k gSA i;Zo{kd dk;Z d s fu"iknu dk s y{; ds vuqlkj fd;k tkuk r; djrk gSA 3- vuq'kklu cuk, j[kuk%& i;Zo{s kd dk dBkjs i;Zos{k.k ,oa ekxnZ 'kZu depZ kfj;ksa dks vfèkd vuq'kkflr jgdj dk; Z dju s dh ijsz .kk nrs k gSA 94 O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials 4- i;Zos{kd d s ekxZn'kZu eas Jfed fuèkkZfjr le; lkj.kh dk ikyu djrs gSa rFkk ;kts ukvksa dk s lgh fn'kk esa lapkfyr djr s gSa 5- izfriqf"V (QhMcSd)%& i;Zos{kd deZpkfj;kas d s lkFk lEidZ djd s mudh lgk;rk djrk gSA lhèkk lEidZ gkus s d s dkj.k os muls ikzIr lq>koksa o f'kdk;rksa dh tkudkjh izcUèk dks nrs s gSaA 6- vfHkizsj.kk esa o`f¼%& vPNh urs `Ro {kerk j[ku s okyk i;Zos{kd Jfedkas ds eukscy dks c<+k ldrk gSA i;oZ {s kd viuh lokÙZs ke {kerk l s depZ kfj;ksa dk s dk;Z dju s ds fy, iszfjr djrs gSaA i;oZ {s kd ,oa depZ kfj;kas d s lEcUèk gksus l s deZpkfj;ksa dk izsj.kk Lrj c<+rk gSA deZpkfj;ka s dk ekxZn'kZu djr s le; i;oZ s{kd mUgsa viuh lokZsÙke {kerk ls dk;Z djus ds fy, ifszjr djrs gSaA 7- lalkèkuksa dk dq'kyrk mi;ksx%& i;Zos{k.k ds vUrxZr fofHkUu fØ;kvksa ij fuxjkuh j[kh tkrh gSA ,ls h fLFkfr esa lalkèkukas dk cgs rj mi;kxs laHko gkrs k gSA izŒ Jh cSuthZ Jfedksa ij dk;Z djrs gq, fuxjkuh j[krs gSaA vko';drk iM+us ij os Jfedksa dks dk;Z ij izf'k{k.k Hkh nsrs gSaA Jh csuthZ izcUèk ds dkSu ls Lrj ij dk;Zjr gSa\ izŒ Jh tkWu] fczVSfu;k QSDVªh esa i;Zos{kd ds :i esa dk;Zjr gSaA og ges'kk Jfedksa dks izcUèk uhfr;k¡ le>krs gSa vkSj mudh leL;kvksa ij izcaèkdksa dk è;ku vkdf"kZr djrs gSaA os lHkh dks vfHkizsfjr djrs gSaA os feRo;;h O;ogkj j[krs gSa vkSj vuq'kklu cukdj j[krs gSaA Jh tkWu fdu ewY;ksa dks iznf'kZr dj jgs gSaA vfHkzisj.kk dk vFkZ%& vfHkizsj.kk dk vFk Z ml izfØ;k ls gS tks bfPNr mís';ksa dks iwjk djus gsrq yksxksa dks dk; Z djus ds fy, vfHkizsfjr djrh gSA vfHkizsj.kk yksxksa dh larqf"V dh vko';drk ij fuHkjZ djrh gSA blds }kjk O;fDr;ksa dks mudh t:jrksa dk vuqHko blfy, djk;k tkrk gS fd mu t:jrkas dks iwjk djus ds fy, os dqN dk;Z djaxs s tks fd laLFkk ds fgr esa gkxs kA O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII 95 www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials fo'ks"krk,sa%& 1- vfHkizsj.kk ,d vkarfjd vuqHko gS%& loiZ zFke O;fDr ds efLr"d esa dqN vko';drk,¡ tUe yrs h gSa ftudk izHkko mld s O;ogkj ij iM+rk gS vkSj mudks iwjk dju s d s fy, O;fDr dqN dk;Z dju s dh lksprk gSA 2- y{; funZsf'kr O;ogkj%& ;g O;fDr;ka s dk s bl rjg l s O;ogkj dju s dh iszj.kk nsrk gS ftlls o s viu s y{;ksa dk s izkIr dj ldAs 3- ldkjkRed vFkok udkjkRed%& ldkjkRed vfHkizjs .kk dk vk'k; O;fDr;ksa dks csgrj dk;Z djus rFkk dk;Z dk s ljkgu s ds fy, izkRs lkgu nsuk gksrk gSA udkjkRed vfHkijsz .kk l s O;fDr;kas dks èkedh ;k n.M }kjk dk;Z djus ij cy fn;k tkrk gSA 4- tfVy izfØ;k%& ;g ,d dfBu ifzØ;k gS D;kasfd O;fDr;ksa dh vko';drk,a fHkUUk&fHkUu gkrs h gSa rFkk ;s ?kVrh&c<+rh jgrh gSA 5- lrr~ izfØ;k%& O;fDr dh vko';drk,¡ vlhfer gkrs h gSa rFkk lnSo cnyrh jgrh gSaA ,d vko';drk ds larq"V gkus s ij nwljh vko';drk mRiUu gks tkrh gSA blfy, izcUèkdksa dk s vfHkiszj.kk dk;Z lrr~ :i ls djuk gksrk gSA vfHkizsj.kk dk egRo%& vfHkijsz .kk ds egRo dk s fuEufyf[kr ykHkksa l s le>k tk ldrk gSA 1- vfHkizsj.kk depZ kfj;kas d s fu"iknu Lrj esa lqèkkj d s lkFk&lkFk laxBu d s lQy fu"iknu eas lgk;d gSA 96 O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials 2- vfHkijsz .kk depZ kfj;kas d s udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k dks ldkjkRed n`f"Vdk.s k esa cnyu s esa lgk;d gksrk gSA 3- vfHkijsz .kk depZ kfj;kas d s laLFkk dk s NksM+dj tku s dh nj dks de djrh gSA 4- vfHKijsz .kk laxBu eas depZ kfj;kas dh vuqifLFkfr nj dks de djrh gSA 5- vfHkijsz .kk izcUèkdksa dks u, ifjorZuksa dks ykxw dju s esa lgk;rk nrs h gSA ekLyks dh fopkjèkkjk & Øe vfHkizsj.kk dk fl¼kUr 1- yksxkas dk O;ogkj mudh vko';drkvka s ls iHz kkfor gkrs k gSA 2- yksxksa dh vko';drk, ¡ vusd gSa vkSj mudk Øe fuèkkZfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSa 3- larq"V vko';drk ls vfHkizsj.kk can gks tkrh gSA 4- yksx viuh mPp Lrjh; vko';drk ij rHkh tkrs gSa tc fuEu Lrjh; vko';drk larq"V gks tkrh gSA O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII 97 www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials ekSfnzd rFkk xSj&ekSfnzd izksRlkgu%& izkRs lkgu dk vFkZ gS o s lHkh eki tks O;fDr;kas dk s vfHkizfsjr dj fu"iknu lqèkkju s eas i;z kxs fd, tkrs gSaA izksRlkgu ekSfnzd xSj eksfnzd ftudk ewY;kdau eqnkz ftudk eqnkz l s dksbZ iRz ;{k ds :i ea s fd;k tk lds lEcaèk ugha gSA 1- osru rFkk HkÙkk & ors u egaxkb Z 1- in izfr"Bk & mPp in nus k rkfd HkÙkk vkfn lkekftd o eku&lEeku vko';drk iwjh gkAs 2- ykHk esa Hkkxhnkjh & laLFkk d s 2- lxa Bfud okrkoj.k & vPNk dk;Z ykHkks a e as deZpkfj;ksa dk s fgLlk okrkoj.k 3- cksul & ors u d s vfrfjDr 3- thouof`r fodkl d s lqvolj & dkS'ky esa o`f¼ 4- mRikndrk lca faèkr ifjizfer & 4- in laoèkuZ & dk;Z dks vkSj vf/kd dk;Z d s vuqlkj ifjJfed :fpdj cukuk 5- vuqykHk & dkj HkÙkk] ?kj 5- deZpkfj;kas dks eku&lEeku nus s lacafèkr dk;ØZ e 6- lgHkkxhnkjh ;k LVkdW & cktkj 6- in lqj{kk & LFkk;h ukSdjh ls de dher ij v'a k 7- los k fuo`fÙk ykHk & ias'ku vkfn 7- deZpkfj;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh & fu.k;Z yus s eas Hkkxhnkjh 8- deZpkfj;ksa dk l'kfDrdj.k & T;knk Lok;rrk o vf/kdkj nus k izŒ jkgqy tSdc fyŒ esa bathfu;j ds rkSj ij dk;Zjr gSA mRiknu izcUèkd us ik;k fd] jkgqy cgqr esgurh gSA ijUrq og jkgqy ds iz;klksa fd dHkh 98 O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials rkjhQ ugha djrkA mRiknu izcUèkd us funZ'ksu ds fdl rRo dk vogsyuk dh gS\ izŒ izsjd (eksfVo) fdl izdkj mRiUu gksrs gSa\ izŒ >qe: fiNys lk<+s rhu lky ls DydZ ds in ij dk;Zjr gSA ;g viuk dk;Z] vaFkd iz;kl ls djrk gSA mlds vfèkdkjh us mlds iz;kl dks ns[krs gq, mls ßdUQeZs'ku ySVjÞ fn;kA ,slk djds mlus >qe: dh fdu vko';drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k\ izŒ vfHkizsj.kk }kjk] laLFkk esa u, ifjorZuksa ds fo#¼ vojksèkksa dks fdl izdkj gVk;k tk ldrk gS\ usr`Ro usr`Ro dke ij ykxs ka s d s O;ogkj dk]s laxBu ds mís';ka s dh izkfIr ds fy, iHz kkfor dju s dh izfØ;k gSA lHkh Lrjksa ij izcaèkd vius vèkhuLFkksa dk urs R` o djrs gSaA usr`Ro viu s vuq;kf;;ksa d s lkFk vPN s lEcaèkk s dk s j[ku s dh {kerk dks n'kkZrk gS rFkk mUgas laxBukRed mís';ka s dh ikzfIr gsrq ;ksxnku dju s ds fy, ikzRs lkfgr djrk gSA 7- usr`Ro dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (d) usr`Ro fdlh O;fDr dh nwljksa dks izHkkfor djus dh ;ksX;rk dks n'kkZrk gSA ([k) usr`Ro] nwljka s ds O;ogkj esa ifjorZu ykus dk iz;kl djrk gSA (x) usr`Ro usrk rFkk vuq;kf;;ka s ds eè; mud s ikjLifjd lacUèkkas dks n'kkZrk gSA (?k) usr`Ro laLFkk ds y{;ksa dh izkfIr d s fy, fd;k tkrk gSA (³) usr`Ro ,d fujUrj pyus okyh fØ;k gSA usr`Ro dh 'kSfy;k¡ usr`Ro 'kSyh ls gekjk vk'k; urs k ds lkekU; O;ogkj l s gSA O;ogkj dk og iSVuZ tk s ,d usrk d s fy, lkekU; :i l s inz f'kZr djrk gS] urs ~Ro dh 'kSyh dgykrk gSA O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII 99 www.apurvainstitute.in APURVA INSTITUTE Support Materials ,d usr`Ro 'kSyh urs k ds n'kuZ O;fDrRo] vuqHko ,oa ewY; iz.kkyh dk ifj.kke gSA ;g vuq;kf;;kas d s izdkj ,oa laxBu ds izpfyr okrkoj.k ij Hkh fuHkZj djrh gSA lkekU; :i ls usr`Ro 'kSyh rhu izdkj dh gksrh gS%& 1- fujadq'koknh usr`Ro (Autocratic Leadership) 2- turkaf=d ;k lgHkkxh usr`Ro (Democratic Leadership) 3- vgL{ksi usr`Ro (Laissez Faireè Ffee Rein Leadership) 1- fujadq'koknh ;k lÙkkoknh usr`Ro%& ,d fujadq'k usrk vkns'k nrs k gS vkSj bl ckr ij tksj nrs k gS fd mu vkn's kksa dks fcuk fdlh lq>ko ;k fojkès k ds ekuk tk,A og fcuk fopkj&foe'kZ fd,] lewg d s fy, uhfr;k ¡ fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA og lewg dks Hkfo"; dh ;kstukvksa dh tkudkjh nsus ds LFkku ij mUgas dos y mBk, tkus okys vxys dne crkrk gSA bl 'kSyh ds varxZr lHkh fu.kZ; ysus dh 'kfDr usrk ds ikl dsUnhzd`r gkrs h gS] tSlk fd fp= ea s iznf'krZ gSA 100 O;olkf;d vè;;u & XII

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