Sleisenger and Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease- 2 Volume Set: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management

3106 Pages·2015·440.83 MB·English

by  Mark Feldman

Sleisenger and Fordtran's
GASTROINTESTINAL
LIVER DISEASE
AND
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY I DIAGNOSIS I MANAGEMENT
Sleisenger and Fordtran’s
Gastrointestinal

and Liver Disease
Sleisenger and Fordtran’s
Gastrointestinal
and Liver Disease
10th Edition Volume 1
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY • DIAGNOSIS • MANAGEMENT
Mark Feldman, MD
William O. Tschumy Jr., MD, Chair of Internal Medicine
Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program
Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas
Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Dallas, Texas
Lawrence S. Friedman, MD
Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Professor of Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
Boston, Massachusetts
The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair
Department of Medicine
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Newton, Massachusetts
Assistant Chief of Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Lawrence J. Brandt, MD
Professor of Medicine and Surgery
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Emeritus Chief
Division of Gastroenterology
Montefiore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
SLEISENGER AND FORDTRAN’S GASTROINTESTINAL ISBN: 978-1-4557-4692-7
AND LIVER DISEASE, 10TH EDITION Volume 1 Part Number: 9996097102
Volume 2 Part Number: 9996097161
Copyright © 2016 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Chapter 82: Hepatitis E by Rakesh Aggarwal and Krzysztof Krawczynski is in public domain.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sleisenger and Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease (Feldman)
Sleisenger and Fordtran’s gastrointestinal and liver disease : pathophysiology/diagnosis/
management / [edited by] Mark Feldman, Lawrence S. Friedman, Lawrence J. Brandt.—Tenth edition.
p. ; cm.
Gastrointestinal and liver disease
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4557-4692-7 (2 volume set, hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 9996097102 (v. 1 : alk.
paper)—ISBN 9996097161 (v. 2 : alk. paper)
I. Feldman, Mark, 1947- editor. II. Friedman, Lawrence S. (Lawrence Samuel), 1953-
editor. III. Brandt, Lawrence J., editor. IV. Title. V. Title: Gastrointestinal and liver disease.
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Diseases. 2. Liver Diseases. WI 140]
RC801
616.3′3—dc23
2014016501
Senior Content Strategist: Suzanne Toppy
Senior Content Development Specialist: Dee Simpson
Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter
Senior Project Manager: Cindy Thoms
Senior Book Designer: Lou Forgione
Printed in United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To our wives—Barbara Feldman, Mary Jo Cappuccilli, and Lois Brandt;
from whom we stole the time necessary to edit this textbook. With gratitude and love.
CONTRIBUTORS
Abier Abdelnaby, MD Jane M. Andrews, MBBS, PhD William F. Balistreri, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery Clinical Associate Professor Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center
University of Texas Southwestern Head IBD Service and Education Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition
Dallas, Texas Hepatology Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Diseases of the Anorectum Royal Adelaide Hospital and University Cincinnati, Ohio
of Adelaide Other Inherited Metabolic Disorders of the Liver
Julian A. Abrams, MD Adelaide, Australia
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Small Intestinal Motor and Sensory Function Todd H. Baron, MD
and Dysfunction
Department of Medicine Professor of Medicine
Columbia University College of Director of Advanced Therapeutic
Physicians and Surgeons Farshid Araghizadeh, MD Endoscopy
New York, New York Professor of Surgery Division of Gastroenterology and
Adenocarcinoma of the Stomach and Department of Surgery Hepatology
Other Gastric Tumors Chief, Section of Colon and Rectal University of North Carolina
Surgery School of Medicine
Nada A. Abumrad, PhD University of Texas Southwestern Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Medical Center Endoscopic Treatment of Pancreatic Disease
Department of Medicine
Dallas, Texas Endoscopic and Radiologic Treatment of
Center for Human Nutrition
Ileostomy, Colostomy, and Pouches Biliary Disease
Washington University
St. Louis, Missouri
Olga C. Aroniadis, MD Bradley A. Barth, MD
Digestion and Absorption of Dietary Fat,
Carbohydrate, and Protein Senior Fellow, Gastroenterology Associate Professor, Pediatrics
Albert Einstein College of Medicine University of Texas Southwestern
Nezam H. Afdhal, MD Montefiore Medical Center Medical Center
Bronx, New York Dallas, Texas
Professor of Medicine
Vascular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy, Histology, and Developmental Anomalies
Harvard Medical School
of the Pancreas
Division of Gastroenterology
Liver Center Fernando Azpiroz, Prof, MD, PhD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Professor of Medicine Lee M. Bass, MD
Boston, Massachusetts Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Gallstone Disease Chief, Gastroenterology Department Gastroenterology, Hepatology and
Univerisyt Hopsital Vall d’Hebron Nutrition
Rakesh Aggarwal, MD, DM Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s
Red de Enfermedades Hepaticas y Hospital of Chicago
Professor, Gastroenterology
Digestivas (Ciberehd) Northwestern University Feinberg
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of
Barcelona, Spain School of Medicine
Medical Sciences
Intestinal Gas Chicago, Illinois
Lucknow, India
Anatomy, Histology, Embryology, and
Hepatitis E
Bruce R. Bacon, MD Developmental Anomalies of the Small and
Large Intestine
Karin L. Andersson, MD James F. King MD Endowed Chair in
Gastroenterology, Professor of
Hepatologist Internal Medicine John T. Bassett, MD
Gastrointestinal Unit
Division of Gastroenterology and Deputy Chief Gastroenterology
Massachusetts General Hospital
Hepatology Internal Medicine
Instructor in Medicine
Saint Louis University School of Walter Reed National Military Medical
Harvard Medical School
Medicine, Center
Boston, Massachusetts
St. Louis, Missouri Bethesda, Maryland
Acalculous Biliary Pain, Acute Acalculous
Hemochromatosis Hepatitis A
Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Adenomyomatosis,
and Gallbladder Polyps
vii
viii    Contributors
Anne E. Becker, MD, PhD Lawrence J. Brandt, MD Alan L. Buchman, MD, MSPH
Maude and Lillian Presley Professor of Professor of Medicine and Surgery Professor of Medicine and Surgery
Global Health and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Medical Director of Intestinal
Department of Global Health and Social Emeritus Chief Rehabilitation/Transplant Center
Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Division of Gastroenterology
Harvard Medical School Montefiore Medical Center Northwestern University Feinberg
Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Bronx, New York School of Medicine
Department of Psychiatry Vascular Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Chicago, Illinois
Massachusetts General Hospital Intestinal Ischemia Short Bowel Syndrome
Boston, Massachusetts Probiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplant
Feeding and Eating Disorders Robert L. Carithers, Jr., MD
George A. Bray, MD Professor of Medicine
Alex S. Befeler, MD Boyd Professor University of Washington
Professor of Internal Medicine Clinical Research Director, Liver Care Line
Medical Director Liver Transplantation Pennington Biomedical Research Center University of Washington Medical
Division of Gastroenterology and Louisiana State University Center
Hepatology Baton Rouge, Louisiana Seattle, Washington
Saint Louis University Obesity Alcoholic Liver Disease
St. Louis, Missouri
Hepatic Tumors and Cysts Robert S. Bresalier, MD Andres F. Carrion, MD
Professor of Medicine Division of Hepatology
Taft P. Bhuket, MD Lydia and Birdie J. Resoft Distinguished University of Miami Miller School of
Assistant Clinical Professor of Professor in Gastrointestinal Medicine
Medicine, Division of Oncology Miami, Florida
Gastoenterology Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Liver Transplantation
University of California, San Francisco Nutrition
San Francisco, California The University of Texas MD Anderson Scott Celinski, MD
Chief of Gastroenterology Cancer Center,
Division of Surgical Oncology
Director of Endoscopy Houston, Texas
Baylor University Medical Center
Chief of Staff Tumors of the Small Intestine
Dallas, Texas
Alameda Health System Colorectal Cancer
Oakland, California Abdominal Abscesses and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
Diverticular Disease of the Colon Stuart M. Brierley, PhD
Francis K.L. Chan, MD, DSc
NHMRC R.D. Wright Biomedical
L. Ashley Blackshaw, PhD Fellow; Discipline of Physiology, Professor of Medicine
Institute of Digestive Disease
Professor of Enteric Neuroscience Faculty of Health Sciences
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Blizard Institute Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of
Hong Kong, China
Queen Mary University of London Health Sciences
London, United Kingdom The University of Adelaide Peptic Ulcer Disease
Small Intestinal Motor and Sensory Function Department of Gastroenterology and
and Dysfunction Hepatology Shivakumar Chitturi, MD
Royal Adelaide Hospital Staff Specialist
Boris Blechacz, MD, PhD Adelaide, Australia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit
Small Intestinal Motor and Sensory Function Canberra Hospital
Assistant Professor of Medicine,
and Dysfunction Garran, Australia
Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Nutrition Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Liver Disease
MD Anderson Cancer Center Robert S. Britton, PhD Caused by Drugs
Houston, Texas Adjunct Associate Research Professor
Tumors of the Bile Ducts, Gallbladder, Department of Internal Medicine, Daniel C. Chung, MD
and Ampulla Division of Gastroenterology and Associate Professor of Medicine
Tumors of the Small Intestine Hepatology Harvard Medical School
Saint Louis University School of Director, GI Cancer Genetics Program
Diego V. Bohórquez, PhD Medicine GI Unit and Cancer Center
St. Louis, Missouri Massachusetts General Hospital
Postdoctoral Fellow
Hemochromatosis Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Medicine
Duke University Medical Center Cellular Growth and Neoplasia
Durham, North Carolina Simon J.H. Brookes, PhD
Gastrointestinal Hormones and Neurotransmitters Professor of Human Physiology Raymond T. Chung, MD
Flinders Medical Science and Director of Hepatology, Vice Chief,
Technology, School of Medicine Gastroenterology
Flinders University Massachusetts General Hospital
Adelaide, Australia Boston, Massachusetts
Colonic Motor and Sensory Function Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Infections of the
and Dysfunction Liver, Including Liver Abscesses
Contributors    ix
Robert H. Collins, Jr., MD Kenneth R. DeVault, MD Kerry B. Dunbar, MD, PhD
Director, Hematologic Malignancies/ Professor and Chair of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine
Blood and Marrow Transplantation Mayo Clinic Department of Medicine—Division of
Program Jacksonville, Florida Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Professor of Internal Medicine Symptoms of Esophageal Disease University of Texas Southwestern
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Medical Center Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, MD Staff Physician
Dallas, Texas Department of Medicine—
Badeeh A. and Catherine V. Bander
Gastrointestinal Lymphomas Gastroenterology Section
Chair in Internal Medicine
VA North Texas Healthcare System—
Chairman and Professor of Internal
Marcello Costa, MD Medicine Dallas VA Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Matthew Flinders Distinguished Chief of Hepatology
Diverticula of the Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach,
Professor and Professor of Saint Louis University
and Small Intestine
Neurophysiology St. Louis, Missouri
Physiology Hepatic Tumors and Cysts Abdominal Hernias and Gastric Volvulus
Flinders University
Adelaide, Australia Philip G. Dinning, PhD John E. Eaton, MD
Colonic Motor and Sensory Function Instructor of Medicine
Associate Professor
and Dysfunction Department of Internal Medicine
Senior Medical Scientist
Division of Gastroenterology and
Flinders University
Diane W. Cox, PhD Departments of Gastroenterology Hepatology
Mayo Clinic
Professor of Medical Genetics and Surgery
Rochester, Minnesota
University of Alberta Flinders Medical Center
Faculty of Medicine Adelaide, Australia Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Colonic Motor and Sensory Function
Wilson Disease and Dysfunction Ellen C. Ebert, MD
Professor of Medicine
Sheila E. Crowe, MD Iris Dotan, MD University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey
Professor of Medicine Sackler Faculty of Medicine
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Division of Gastroenterology Tel Aviv University
Department of Medicine Head, IBD Center Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of
University of California, San Diego Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Systemic Diseases
San Diego, California Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center
Helicobacter pylori Infection Tel Aviv, Israel David E. Elliott, MD, PhD
Mucosal Immunology and Inflammation Department of Internal Medicine
Albert J. Czaja, MD Carver College of Medicine
Professor Emeritus of Medicine J. Marcus Downs, MD University of Iowa
Department of Internal Medicine
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Program Director
Veterans Administrattion Health Care
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Colon and Rectal Surgery
System
Rochester, Minnesota Parkland and Presbyterian Hospitals
Iowa City, Iowa
Autoimmune Hepatitis Dallas, Texas
Intestinal Worms
Diseases of the Anorectum
Brian G. Czito, MD
Associate Professor Douglas A. Drossman, MD B. Joseph Elmunzer, MD
Division of Gastroenterology
Radiation Oncology Professor Emeritus of Medicine and
University of Michigan Medical School
Duke University Medical Center Psychiatry
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Durham, North Carolina Center for Functional GI and Motility
Radiation Injury Disorders Biliary Tract Motor Function and Dysfunction
University of North Carolina
Paul A. Dawson, PhD President Grace H. Elta, MD
Center for Education and Practice of Division of Gastroenterology
Professor
Biopsychosocial Care University of Michigan Medical School
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina Ann Arbor, Michigan
Hepatology, and Nutrition
Emory University School of Medicine Biopsychosocial Issues in Gastroenterology Biliary Tract Motor Function and Dysfunction
Atlanta, Georgia
Bile Secretion and the Enterohepatic Circulation
Gregory de Prisco, MD
Director of Emergency Radiology
Baylor University Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Abdominal Abscesses and Gastrointestinal Fistulas
x    Contributors
Silvia Degli Esposti, MD Mark Feldman, MD Amy E. Foxx-Orenstein, DO
Associate Professor of Medicine William O. Tschumy, Jr., MD, Chair of Professor of Medicine
Director of Fellowship Pathway in Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic
Women’s Gastrointestinal Diseases Director, Internal Medicine Residency Scottsdale, Arizona
Warren Alpert Medical School of Program Ileus and Pseudo-obstruction
Brown University Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital
Director Dallas Frank K. Friedenberg, MD
Center for Women’s Gastrointestinal Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine
Professor of Medicine
Medicine University of Texas Southwestern
Gastroenterology
Women’s Medicine Collaborative Medical School
Temple University School of Medicine
Miriam Hospital Dallas, Texas
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Providence, Rhode Island Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Disorders in the Gastritis
Pregnant Patient
Lincoln Eduardo Ferreira, MD, PhD Lawrence S. Friedman, MD
Michael B. Fallon, MD Director of Digestive Endoscopy Unit Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Professor of Medicine Gastrointestinal and Hepatology
Professor of Medicine
Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Hospital Universitario of UFJF
Tufts University School of Medicine
Nutrition Hosptial Monte Sinai
Boston, Massachusetts
The University of Texas Health Science Juiz de For A
The Anton R. Fried, MD, Chair
Center at Houston Minas Gerais, Brazil
Department of Medicine
Houston, Texas Endoscopic Treatment of Pancreatic Disease
Newton-Wellesley Hospital
Hepatic Encephalopathy, Hepatorenal Syndrome,
Newton, Massachusetts
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome, and Other Systemic Paul Feuerstadt, MD Assistant Chief of Medicine
Complications of Liver Disease
Clinical Instructor Massachusetts General Hospital
Yale University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Geoffrey C. Farrell, MD Yale-New Haven Hospital Chronic Abdominal Pain
Professor of Hepatic Medicine New Haven, Connecticut Acalculous Biliary Pain, Acute Acalculous
Australian National University Intestinal Ischemia Cholecystitis, Cholesterolosis, Adenomyomatosis,
Senior Staff Hepatologist and Gallbladder Polyps
The Canberra Hospital Laurel Fisher, MD
Woden, Australia Associate Professor Manish K. Gala, MD
Hepatic Drug Metabolism and Liver Disease
Division of Gastroenterology Research Fellow in Medicine
Caused by Drugs
Department of Internal Medicine Harvard Medical School
University of Michigan Medical School Clinical and Research Fellow
Jordan J. Feld, MD Ann Arbor, Michigan Gastrointestinal Unit
Assistant Professor of Medicine Intestinal Ulcerations Massachusetts General Hospital
Toronto Western Hospital Liver Centre Boston, Massachusetts
Scientist Alexander C. Ford, MD Cellular Growth and Neoplasia
Sandra Rotman Centre for Global
Associate Professor and Honorary
Health Consultant Gastroenterologist Robert E. Glasgow, MD
University of Toronto
Leeds Gastroenterology Institute Associate Professor
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
St. James’s University Hospital Section Chief
Hepatitis Caused by Other Viruses
Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Gastrointestinal and General Surgery
Kingdom Vice Chairman
Marc D. Feldman, MD Irritable Bowel Syndrome Clinical Operations and Quality
Clinical Professor Department of Surgery
Department of Psychiatry John S. Fordtran, MD University of Utah
Adjunct Professor Salt Lake City, Utah
Internal Medicine
Department of Psychology Treatment of Gallstone Disease
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Alabama
Baylor University Medical Center
Tuscaloosa, Alabama Dallas, Texas Gregory J. Gores, MD
Factitious Gastrointestinal Disease
Factitious Gastrointestinal Disease Executive Dean for Research
Professor of Medicine
Chris E. Forsmark, MD Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
University of Florida College of
Rochester, Minnesota
Medicine
Tumors of the Bile Ducts, Gallbladder,
Gainesville, Florida
and Ampulla
Chronic Pancreatitis
Contributors    xi
Norton J. Greenberger, MD Stephen A. Harrison, MD Dennis M. Jensen, MD
Clinical Professor of Medicine Chief of Hepatology Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Medicine—Gastroenterology
Senior Physician Brooke Army Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Fort Sam Houston, Texas University of California, Los Angeles
Boston, Massachusetts Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Staff Physician
Foreword Medicine—Gastroenterology
David J. Hass, MD VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare
David A. Greenwald, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine System
Key Investigator
Professor of Clinical Medicine Division of Digestive Diseases
Director, Human Studies Core and GI
Albert Einstein College of Medicine Yale University School of Medicine
Hemostasis Research Unit
Associate Division Director New Haven, Connecticut
CURE Digestive Diseases Research
Gastroenterology Fellowship Program Complementary and Alternative Medicine Center
Director
Los Angeles, California
Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Colin Hill, PhD, DSc Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Diseases
Professor of Microbial Food Safety
Albert Einstein College of Medicine/
Montefiore Medical Center Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre Robert T. Jensen, MD
School of Microbiology
Bronx, New York Chief, Cell Biology Section
University College Cork
Protein-Losing Gastroenteropathy Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK
Cork, Ireland
National Institutes of Health
Evan B. Grossman, MD Enteric Microbiota Bethesda, Maryland
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Assistant Professor of Medicine Christoph Högenauer, MD
Division of Gastroenterology and
Hepatology Associate Professor of Medicine D. Rohan Jeyarajah, MD, PA
Department of Internal Medicine
SUNY Downstate Medical Center Director, Surgical Oncology
Medical University of Graz
Brooklyn, New York Director, HPB Fellowship Program
Graz, Austria
Nutritional Management Methodist Dallas Medical Center
Maldigestion and Malabsorption Dallas, Texas
Yael Haberman, MD, PhD Diverticula of the Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach,
Sohail Z. Husain, MD and Small Intestine
Fellow
Associate Professor of Pediatrics Abdominal Hernias and Gastric Volvulus
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,
University of Pittsburgh and the
and Nutrition
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Children’s Hospital of Pittsuburgh Peter J. Kahrilas, MD
of UPMC
Center Gilbert H. Marquartd Professor in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cincinnati, Ohio Medicine
Eosinophilic Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy, Histology, and Developmental Anomalies Northwestern University
of the Pancreas Feinberg School of Medicine
Charles F. Haines, MD Chicago, Illinois
Christopher D. Huston, MD Esophageal Neuromuscular Function and
Division of Infectious Diseases
Associate Professor Motility Disorders
Department of Medicine
Departments of Medicine,
The Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine Microbiology, and Molecular Patrick S. Kamath, MD
Genetics
Baltimore, Maryland Professor of Medicine
University of Vermont College of
Infectious Enteritis and Proctocolitis Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Medicine
Consultant
Attending Physician
Heinz F. Hammer, MD Medicine and Infectious Diseases Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic
Associate Professor Fletcher Allen Health Care
Rochester, Minnesota
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Burlington, Vermont
Overview of Cirrhosis
Medical University Intestinal Protozoa
Portal Hypertension and Variceal Bleeding
Chief of Internal Medicine
PGrriavza,t Akluinsitkri aKastanienhof Steven H. Itzkowitz, MD David A. Katzka, MD
Professor of Medicine and Oncological
Maldigestion and Malabsorption Professor of and Consultant in
Sciences
Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
Shawn M. Hancock, DO Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Clinical Instructor Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Esophageal Disorders Caused by Medications,
Advanced Endoscopy Fellow New York City, New York
Trauma, and Infection
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Colonic Polyps and Polyposis Syndromes
University of Wisconsin School of
Medicine and Public Health
Madison, Wisconsin
Foreign Bodies, Bezoars, and Caustic Ingestions