Table Of Content

Health Reference Series ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________J___u___d___d____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Helping the Layperson Understand, Manage, _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________T______h______i____r______d______ ____E______d______i____t____i__o______n________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ and Avoid Serious Illness ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series is designed for the general reader ______________________________S_________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________S____________________l__________e________________e________________p__________________ __________________________________________________________________________ seeking guidance on how to avoid serious illness by following preventive ____S________l__________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ lifestyles and recognizing early warning signs. It also supports the layperson ________o________________e____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ who has received a diagnosis of a serious disease or disorder as well as the __________________e_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ftaom ciolyp em wemithb ethr eo ril lnnoenssp. rEoafecshs ivoonlualm cea rieng tihveer swerhieos mdeuaslts lceoarmnp troe hceanres ivaenldy __________u____________________p_________________________ __________________________________________________D______________________i____________s____________o__________________r______________d__________________e________________r______________s__________________________________________________________ with a particular area of medical concern and contains material found in ________r________________ ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ publications issued by the National Institutes of Health and other agencies ______c____________D_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ and associations. Nowhere else can general readers find this information _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____e________i__________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ conveniently collected, coordinated, and indexed in book form. ________________________s____________________ ________________________________________S______________o__________________u______________r________________c________________e________________b________________o________________o________________k____________________________________________________ ______b____________o_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep Disorders Sourcebook, Third Edition ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______o____________r_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acphcecrroosonrdnicianall glry et losa uttihfofeen rsN hfariotpimos,n aasnlle dSe lpteh eeppirr oF sobalufeenmtdy.sa Tttihhoaent , e cnfafeenac rtalsyf fo efifc fstty let hmeepiil rlli oocsnasr Aearemer seb,r ritcohaaendisr- __________________o____________________________________de_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________■____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __k_________ ___________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ranging: 29 percent of polled adults had fallen asleep or become very sleepy __________________r_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ at work; 36 percent had nodded off or fallen asleep while driving; and 14 __________________s_______________ ____________________B__a___s_i__c__ _C__o___n__s__u__m____e__r__ _H___e__a__l__t_h__ _I__n__f_o___r__m___a___t_i_o___n__ _a___b__o__u___t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ percent had missed family events, work functions, or leisure activities due ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ __________S__l_e__e__p__ _D___i_s__o__r__d___e__r_s__,_ _I__n__c__l_u___d__i_n___g__ _I_n___s__o__m___n___i_a__,_ _S___l_e__e__p__ _A__p___n__e__a___ _a__n___d__ ________ to sleepiness. Furthermore, studies have shown that a lack of sleep impacts ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the immune system, mood, memory, the ability to learn and process new _________________________________ _______S__n__o__r__i__n__g__,_ _J__e__t_ _L___a__g__ _a___n__d___ _O___t_h__e___r_ __C__i_r__c__a___d__i__a__n___ _R__h___y__t_h__m____ _D___i_s__o__r__d__e__r__s__,_ _____ information, and even weight. _________________________________ ______N___a__r__c__o__l__e__p__s__y_,__ _a__n___d__ _P__a___r__a__s__o__m____n__i_a___s__,_ _S__u__c__h___ _a__s__ _S__l_e___e__p__w___a__l__k__i_n___g__ _a___n__d___ ____ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep Disorders Sourcebook, Third Edition, offers basic consumer health in- _________H______ea___l___th____________ _______S__l_e___e__p__ _P__a___r__a__l_y__s__i_s__,_ _a___n__d___ _F__e__a__t__u__r__i_n___g__ _F__a___c_t__s_ __a__b__o___u__t_ __O__t__h__e__r__ _H___e__a___l_t_h___ _____ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ formation about common sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea, ______R___e___fe___r___e___n___c___e______ ________P__r__o__b___l_e__m____s_ _t__h__a__t__ _A__f_f__e__c__t_ _S__l_e___e__p__,_ _W___h___y__ _S__l_e__e__p__ __I_s__ _N___e__c__e__s_s__a__r__y__,_ _H___o___w___ ______ narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders, and parasomnias, and other health _________S___e___r___i___es____________ _________M____u__c__h__ _S__l__e__e__p__ _I__s_ _N___e__e__d___e__d__,__ _t_h__e__ _P___h__y__s__i_c__a___l_ _a___n__d___ _M___e__n__t__a__l__ _E__f_f_e___c_t__s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ problems that affect sleep, such as cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, ____________________________________________ ______________________________o____f__ __S______l__e____e____p____ __D______e____p______r____i__v____a____t____i__o____n______,__ __a______n____d____ ____P____e____d____i____a____t____r__i____c____ __S____l__e____e____p______ __I__s____s____u____e____s______________________________ pain, and respiratory disorders. It explains how much sleep is needed, the ____3__rd__ __E__d__it__io__n____ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, and the methods used to ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ prevent, diagnose, and treat sleep disorders. A section about pediatric sleep _______________________________________________________ __________________________A____l__o______n____g____ __w______i____t__h____ __T____i____p____s____ __f__o____r____ __D______i____a____g____n______o____s____i__n____g______ __a____n______d____ __T____r____e____a______t__i__n______g____ __S____l__e______e____p____ ______________________ issues discusses concerns that impact children from infancy through the teen ______________________ __________D___i__s_o___r__d__e__r__s__,_ _a__ __G__l__o__s__s_a___r__y__ _o__f_ _R___e__l_a___t_e__d___ _T__e__r__m___s__,_ _a__n___d__ _a___ _L__i__s_t__ _o__f_ _________ ___________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ years. A glossary of terms related to sleep disorders and a list of resources _________________________________ _______________R___e__s__o__u__r__c__e__s__ _f_o___r_ __A__d__d___i_t__i_o__n___a__l_ _H___e___l_p__ _a___n__d___ _I_n___f_o__r__m____a__t_i__o__n________________ for further help and information are also included. ___O___m______n___ig___ra___p___h___ic___s___ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ ________________________________________________________■_____________________________________________________________ ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________E___d__i__t_e__d__ __b__y__ _________________________________________________ P.O. Box 31-1640 Sandra J. Judd Detroit, MI 48231 Phone: 800-234-1340 Fax: 800-875-1340 www.omnigraphics.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________T__h__i_r__d___ _E__d___i_t_i__o__n___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Disorders ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sourcebook ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________■________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________B__a__s_i_c__ C__o__n__s_u__m___e_r__ _H__e_a__l_t_h__ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o__n__ _a_b__o__u__t_ _S_l_e__e_p__ _D__i_s_­________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ orders, Including Insomnia, Sleep Apnea and Snoring, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________J_e_t_ _L__a__g_ _a__n__d__ _O__t_h__e_r__ _C__i_r_c_a__d__i_a__n__ _R__h__y_t_h__m___ _D__i_s_o__r_d__e__r_s_,_ _N__a__r_c__o__­______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________l_e__p__s_y_,_ _a__n__d__ _P_a__r_a__s__o_m___n__i_a__s_,_ _S_u__c__h__ a__s__ S__l_e_e__p__w__a__l_k__i_n__g_ _a__n__d__ _S_l_e__e_p__ ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________P_a__r__a__l_y_s_i__s_,_ _a__n__d_ _F__e_a__t_u__r__i_n__g_ _F__a__c_t_s__ _a_b__o__u__t_ _O__t_h__e__r_ _H__e__a__l_t_h__ _P__r_o__b_­_____________________________ _________________________________l_e__m___s_ _t_h__a__t_ A__f_f_e__c_t_ _S__l_e_e__p_,_ _W___h__y_ _S__l_e_e_p__ _I_s_ _N__e__c_e__s_s_a__r__y_,_ _H__o__w__ _M___u__c_h__ ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________S_l_e__e_p__ _I_s_ _N__e__e_d__e__d__, _t_h__e__ P__h__y__s_i_c__a_l_ _a__n__d__ _M__e__n__t_a__l_ _E_f_f_e__c_t_s__ o__f_ _S__l_e_e__p_ _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________D__e__p_r__i_v_a__t_i_o__n__,_ _a__n__d__ P__e_d__i_a__t_r__i_c_ _S__l_e_e_p__ _I_s_s__u__e_s__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________A__l_o__n__g_ _w___i_t_h_ _T__i_p__s_ _f_o__r_ _D__i_a__g_n__o__s_i__n_g__ _a__n__d__ T__r_e__a_t__i_n__g_ _S_l_e__e_p__ _________________________________ ____________________________________D___i_s_o__r_d__e_r__s_,_ _a__ G___l_o__s_s_a__r_y__ _o__f_ R__e__l_a__t_e_d__ _T_e__r_m___s_,_ _a__n__d__ _a_ _L__i_s_t_ _o__f_ _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________R__e_s_o__u__r_c__e_s__ f_o__r__ A__d__d__i_t_i_o__n__a__l_ _H__e__l_p_ _a__n__d__ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o_n_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________■________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________E_d__i_t_e__d__ b__y________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sandra J. Judd ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________P_._O__. _B_o__x_ _3_1_-_1_6_4__0_, _D__e_t_r_o_i_t_, _M__I__ 4__8_2_3_1___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Sandra J. Judd Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2010 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sleep Disorders sourcebook : basic consumer health information about sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea and snoring, jet lag and other circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and parasomnias, such as sleepwalking and sleep paralysis, and featuring facts about other health problems that affect sleep, why sleep is necessary, how much sleep is needed, the physical and mental effects of sleep deprivation, and pediatric sleep issues, along with tips for diagnosing and treating sleep disorders / edited by Sandra J. Judd. -- 3rd ed. p. cm. -- (Health reference series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Sleep disorders. 2. Consumer education. I. Judd, Sandra J. RC547.S536 2011 616.8'498--dc22 2010040484 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor- mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface ..........................................................................................xiii Part I: Sleep Basics Chapter 1—Understanding Sleep ..................................................3 Section 1.1—Why Do We Sleep? ............................4 Section 1.2—Circadian Rhythms ...........................7 Section 1.3—Physical Characteristics of Sleep ..............................................9 Section 1.4—Stages of Sleep ................................11 Chapter 2—Napping: Benefits for All Ages .................................13 Section 2.1—Young Children Need Naps ............14 Section 2.2—Power Napping for Increased Productivity ....................................17 Chapter 3—Dreaming ...................................................................21 Section 3.1—Dreaming and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep: The Science behind Dreams ...........22 Section 3.2—Common Questions about Dreams ............................................23 Section 3.3—Nightmares .....................................27 Section 3.4—Night Terrors ..................................30 Chapter 4—Gender Differences in Quality of Sleep ...................33 v Chapter 5—Women’s Sleep Issues ...............................................37 Section 5.1—Women and Sleep: An Overview ....38 Section 5.2—Menopause and Sleep .....................42 Section 5.3—Pregnancy and Sleep ......................44 Chapter 6—Men’s Sleep Issues ....................................................49 Section 6.1—Trouble in the Bedroom: Men and Sleep Disorders ...............50 Section 6.2—Men at Higher Risk from Sleep-Disordered Breathing ........................................54 Section 6.3—Do Abnormal Sleep Patterns Affect Testosterone Levels? ......................56 Section 6.4—Disturbed Rest Linked to Mortality in Older Men ..................58 Chapter 7—Sleep and Aging ........................................................61 Part II: The Causes and Consequences of Sleep Deprivation Chapter 8—Are You Sleep Deprived? ..........................................69 Section 8.1—The Causes and Effects of Sleep Deprivation ...........................70 Section 8.2—Can the Effects of Sleep Deprivation Be Reversed? ..............84 Chapter 9—Why Your Body Needs Sleep ....................................87 Section 9.1—Sleep Deprivation and Coronary Artery Disease ................88 Section 9.2—Sleep Deprivation and Diabetes ..........................................90 Section 9.3—Sleep Deprivation and Hypertension ..................................93 Section 9.4—Sleep Deprivation and the Immune System ..............................95 Section 9.5—Sleep Deprivation and Obesity ............................................98 vi Chapter 10—Why Your Brain Needs Sleep ...............................101 Section 10.1—While You Sleep, Your Brain Keeps Working ...............102 Section 10.2—Sleep as Healing Time for Your Brain ...........................104 Section 10.3—Sleep and Memory ....................108 Section 10.4—Sleep and Problem Solving ......110 Chapter 11—Sleep Deprivation Impacts Learning and Education .......................................................113 Section 11.1—Sleep and Learning ..................114 Section 11.2—Sleep May Help Clear the Brain for New Learning ...........116 Section 11.3—Sleep Deprivation and Attention Deficit Hyper- activity Disorder .......................118 Section 11.4—Sleep Deprivation and Visual Perception .....................120 Chapter 12—Sleep Deprivation and Medical Errors among Hospital Staff ............................................123 Chapter 13—Sleep Deprivation among Public Safety Officers ....127 Chapter 14—Drowsy Driving .....................................................133 Part III: Sleep Disorders Chapter 15—Breathing Disorders of Sleep ...............................141 Section 15.1—Sleep Apnea ..............................142 Section 15.2—Snoring ......................................152 Chapter 16—Circadian Rhythm Disorders ...............................155 Section 16.1—Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder ....................................156 Section 16.2—Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ....158 Section 16.3—Irregular Sleep-Wake Syndrome ..................................161 Section 16.4—Jet Lag ......................................162 Section 16.5—Shift Work Disorder .................166 vii Chapter 17—Excessive Sleeping ................................................169 Section 17.1—Hypersomnia ............................170 Section 17.2—Kleine-Levin Syndrome ...........172 Chapter 18—Insomnia ................................................................175 Chapter 19—Sleep-Related Movement Disorders .....................185 Section 19.1—Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ....................................186 Section 19.2—Restless Legs Syndrome ..........188 Chapter 20—Narcolepsy .............................................................199 Chapter 21—Parasomnias ..........................................................211 Section 21.1—What Are Parasomnias? ...........212 Section 21.2—REM Behavior Disorder ...........217 Section 21.3—Sleep Paralysis .........................218 Section 21.4—Sleepwalking ............................220 Section 21.5—Sleep Eating .............................223 Part IV: Other Health Problems that Often Affect Sleep Chapter 22—Alzheimer’s Disease and Changing Sleep Patterns .................................................................231 Chapter 23—Cancer Patients and Sleep Disorders ..................235 Chapter 24—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder and Sleep ...............................................................239 Chapter 25—Mental Health and Sleep......................................245 Section 25.1—Anxiety and Sleep Disorders ...................................246 Section 25.2—Sleep and Depression ...............250 Section 25.3—Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Impact on Sleep .....................................252 Chapter 26—Multiple Sclerosis and Sleep Disorders ...............255 Chapter 27—Nocturia: When the Need to Urinate Interrupts Sleep ....................................................259 viii

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Sleep Disorders Sourcebook PDF

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Health Reference Series ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________J___u___d___d____________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Helping the Layperson Understand, Manage, _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________T______h______i____r______d______ ____E______d______i____t____i__o______n________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ and Avoid Serious Illness ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Omnigraphics’ Health Reference Series is designed for the general reader ______________________________S_________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________S____________________l__________e________________e________________p__________________ __________________________________________________________________________ seeking guidance on how to avoid serious illness by following preventive ____S________l__________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ lifestyles and recognizing early warning signs. It also supports the layperson ________o________________e____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ who has received a diagnosis of a serious disease or disorder as well as the __________________e_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ftaom ciolyp em wemithb ethr eo ril lnnoenssp. rEoafecshs ivoonlualm cea rieng tihveer swerhieos mdeuaslts lceoarmnp troe hceanres ivaenldy __________u____________________p_________________________ __________________________________________________D______________________i____________s____________o__________________r______________d__________________e________________r______________s__________________________________________________________ with a particular area of medical concern and contains material found in ________r________________ ____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ publications issued by the National Institutes of Health and other agencies ______c____________D_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ and associations. Nowhere else can general readers find this information _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____e________i__________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ conveniently collected, coordinated, and indexed in book form. ________________________s____________________ ________________________________________S______________o__________________u______________r________________c________________e________________b________________o________________o________________k____________________________________________________ ______b____________o_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep Disorders Sourcebook, Third Edition ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______o____________r_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Acphcecrroosonrdnicianall glry et losa uttihfofeen rsN hfariotpimos,n aasnlle dSe lpteh eeppirr oF sobalufeenmtdy.sa Tttihhoaent , e cnfafeenac rtalsyf fo efifc fstty let hmeepiil rlli oocsnasr Aearemer seb,r ritcohaaendisr- __________________o____________________________________de_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________■____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __k_________ ___________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___ ranging: 29 percent of polled adults had fallen asleep or become very sleepy __________________r_______________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ at work; 36 percent had nodded off or fallen asleep while driving; and 14 __________________s_______________ ____________________B__a___s_i__c__ _C__o___n__s__u__m____e__r__ _H___e__a__l__t_h__ _I__n__f_o___r__m___a___t_i_o___n__ _a___b__o__u___t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ percent had missed family events, work functions, or leisure activities due ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ __________S__l_e__e__p__ _D___i_s__o__r__d___e__r_s__,_ _I__n__c__l_u___d__i_n___g__ _I_n___s__o__m___n___i_a__,_ _S___l_e__e__p__ _A__p___n__e__a___ _a__n___d__ ________ to sleepiness. Furthermore, studies have shown that a lack of sleep impacts ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the immune system, mood, memory, the ability to learn and process new _________________________________ _______S__n__o__r__i__n__g__,_ _J__e__t_ _L___a__g__ _a___n__d___ _O___t_h__e___r_ __C__i_r__c__a___d__i__a__n___ _R__h___y__t_h__m____ _D___i_s__o__r__d__e__r__s__,_ _____ information, and even weight. _________________________________ ______N___a__r__c__o__l__e__p__s__y_,__ _a__n___d__ _P__a___r__a__s__o__m____n__i_a___s__,_ _S__u__c__h___ _a__s__ _S__l_e___e__p__w___a__l__k__i_n___g__ _a___n__d___ ____ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep Disorders Sourcebook, Third Edition, offers basic consumer health in- _________H______ea___l___th____________ _______S__l_e___e__p__ _P__a___r__a__l_y__s__i_s__,_ _a___n__d___ _F__e__a__t__u__r__i_n___g__ _F__a___c_t__s_ __a__b__o___u__t_ __O__t__h__e__r__ _H___e__a___l_t_h___ _____ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ formation about common sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea, ______R___e___fe___r___e___n___c___e______ ________P__r__o__b___l_e__m____s_ _t__h__a__t__ _A__f_f__e__c__t_ _S__l_e___e__p__,_ _W___h___y__ _S__l_e__e__p__ __I_s__ _N___e__c__e__s_s__a__r__y__,_ _H___o___w___ ______ narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders, and parasomnias, and other health _________S___e___r___i___es____________ _________M____u__c__h__ _S__l__e__e__p__ _I__s_ _N___e__e__d___e__d__,__ _t_h__e__ _P___h__y__s__i_c__a___l_ _a___n__d___ _M___e__n__t__a__l__ _E__f_f_e___c_t__s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ problems that affect sleep, such as cancer, gastroesophageal reflux disorder, ____________________________________________ ______________________________o____f__ __S______l__e____e____p____ __D______e____p______r____i__v____a____t____i__o____n______,__ __a______n____d____ ____P____e____d____i____a____t____r__i____c____ __S____l__e____e____p______ __I__s____s____u____e____s______________________________ pain, and respiratory disorders. It explains how much sleep is needed, the ____3__rd__ __E__d__it__io__n____ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, and the methods used to ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ prevent, diagnose, and treat sleep disorders. A section about pediatric sleep _______________________________________________________ __________________________A____l__o______n____g____ __w______i____t__h____ __T____i____p____s____ __f__o____r____ __D______i____a____g____n______o____s____i__n____g______ __a____n______d____ __T____r____e____a______t__i__n______g____ __S____l__e______e____p____ ______________________ issues discusses concerns that impact children from infancy through the teen ______________________ __________D___i__s_o___r__d__e__r__s__,_ _a__ __G__l__o__s__s_a___r__y__ _o__f_ _R___e__l_a___t_e__d___ _T__e__r__m___s__,_ _a__n___d__ _a___ _L__i__s_t__ _o__f_ _________ ___________ ___________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ years. A glossary of terms related to sleep disorders and a list of resources _________________________________ _______________R___e__s__o__u__r__c__e__s__ _f_o___r_ __A__d__d___i_t__i_o__n___a__l_ _H___e___l_p__ _a___n__d___ _I_n___f_o__r__m____a__t_i__o__n________________ for further help and information are also included. ___O___m______n___ig___ra___p___h___ic___s___ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________ ________________________________________________________■_____________________________________________________________ ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________E___d__i__t_e__d__ __b__y__ _________________________________________________ P.O. Box 31-1640 Sandra J. Judd Detroit, MI 48231 Phone: 800-234-1340 Fax: 800-875-1340 www.omnigraphics.com ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________T__h__i_r__d___ _E__d___i_t_i__o__n___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sleep 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Disorders ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sourcebook ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ orders, Including Insomnia, Sleep Apnea and Snoring, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________J_e_t_ _L__a__g_ _a__n__d__ _O__t_h__e_r__ _C__i_r_c_a__d__i_a__n__ _R__h__y_t_h__m___ _D__i_s_o__r_d__e__r_s_,_ _N__a__r_c__o__­______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________l_e__p__s_y_,_ _a__n__d__ _P_a__r_a__s__o_m___n__i_a__s_,_ _S_u__c__h__ a__s__ S__l_e_e__p__w__a__l_k__i_n__g_ _a__n__d__ _S_l_e__e_p__ ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________P_a__r__a__l_y_s_i__s_,_ _a__n__d_ _F__e_a__t_u__r__i_n__g_ _F__a__c_t_s__ _a_b__o__u__t_ _O__t_h__e__r_ _H__e__a__l_t_h__ _P__r_o__b_­_____________________________ _________________________________l_e__m___s_ _t_h__a__t_ A__f_f_e__c_t_ _S__l_e_e__p_,_ _W___h__y_ _S__l_e_e_p__ _I_s_ _N__e__c_e__s_s_a__r__y_,_ _H__o__w__ _M___u__c_h__ ____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________S_l_e__e_p__ _I_s_ _N__e__e_d__e__d__, _t_h__e__ P__h__y__s_i_c__a_l_ _a__n__d__ _M__e__n__t_a__l_ _E_f_f_e__c_t_s__ o__f_ _S__l_e_e__p_ _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________D__e__p_r__i_v_a__t_i_o__n__,_ _a__n__d__ P__e_d__i_a__t_r__i_c_ _S__l_e_e_p__ _I_s_s__u__e_s__________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________A__l_o__n__g_ _w___i_t_h_ _T__i_p__s_ _f_o__r_ _D__i_a__g_n__o__s_i__n_g__ _a__n__d__ T__r_e__a_t__i_n__g_ _S_l_e__e_p__ _________________________________ ____________________________________D___i_s_o__r_d__e_r__s_,_ _a__ G___l_o__s_s_a__r_y__ _o__f_ R__e__l_a__t_e_d__ _T_e__r_m___s_,_ _a__n__d__ _a_ _L__i_s_t_ _o__f_ _______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________R__e_s_o__u__r_c__e_s__ f_o__r__ A__d__d__i_t_i_o__n__a__l_ _H__e__l_p_ _a__n__d__ _I_n__f_o__r_m___a__t_i_o_n_____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________■________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________E_d__i_t_e__d__ b__y________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Sandra J. Judd ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________P_._O__. _B_o__x_ _3_1_-_1_6_4__0_, _D__e_t_r_o_i_t_, _M__I__ 4__8_2_3_1___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Bibliographic Note Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice. Edited by Sandra J. Judd Health Reference Series Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers * * * Omnigraphics, Inc. Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager * * * Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher Copyright © 2010 Omnigraphics, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sleep Disorders sourcebook : basic consumer health information about sleep disorders, including insomnia, sleep apnea and snoring, jet lag and other circadian rhythm disorders, narcolepsy, and parasomnias, such as sleepwalking and sleep paralysis, and featuring facts about other health problems that affect sleep, why sleep is necessary, how much sleep is needed, the physical and mental effects of sleep deprivation, and pediatric sleep issues, along with tips for diagnosing and treating sleep disorders / edited by Sandra J. Judd. -- 3rd ed. p. cm. -- (Health reference series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7808-1084-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Sleep disorders. 2. Consumer education. I. Judd, Sandra J. RC547.S536 2011 616.8'498--dc22 2010040484 Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor- mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without permission in writing from the publisher. The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the publisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein. This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard. Printed in the United States Table of Contents Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 15,000 topics and the volumes in which they are covered. Preface ..........................................................................................xiii Part I: Sleep Basics Chapter 1—Understanding Sleep ..................................................3 Section 1.1—Why Do We Sleep? ............................4 Section 1.2—Circadian Rhythms ...........................7 Section 1.3—Physical Characteristics of Sleep ..............................................9 Section 1.4—Stages of Sleep ................................11 Chapter 2—Napping: Benefits for All Ages .................................13 Section 2.1—Young Children Need Naps ............14 Section 2.2—Power Napping for Increased Productivity ....................................17 Chapter 3—Dreaming ...................................................................21 Section 3.1—Dreaming and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep: The Science behind Dreams ...........22 Section 3.2—Common Questions about Dreams ............................................23 Section 3.3—Nightmares .....................................27 Section 3.4—Night Terrors ..................................30 Chapter 4—Gender Differences in Quality of Sleep ...................33 v Chapter 5—Women’s Sleep Issues ...............................................37 Section 5.1—Women and Sleep: An Overview ....38 Section 5.2—Menopause and Sleep .....................42 Section 5.3—Pregnancy and Sleep ......................44 Chapter 6—Men’s Sleep Issues ....................................................49 Section 6.1—Trouble in the Bedroom: Men and Sleep Disorders ...............50 Section 6.2—Men at Higher Risk from Sleep-Disordered Breathing ........................................54 Section 6.3—Do Abnormal Sleep Patterns Affect Testosterone Levels? ......................56 Section 6.4—Disturbed Rest Linked to Mortality in Older Men ..................58 Chapter 7—Sleep and Aging ........................................................61 Part II: The Causes and Consequences of Sleep Deprivation Chapter 8—Are You Sleep Deprived? ..........................................69 Section 8.1—The Causes and Effects of Sleep Deprivation ...........................70 Section 8.2—Can the Effects of Sleep Deprivation Be Reversed? ..............84 Chapter 9—Why Your Body Needs Sleep ....................................87 Section 9.1—Sleep Deprivation and Coronary Artery Disease ................88 Section 9.2—Sleep Deprivation and Diabetes ..........................................90 Section 9.3—Sleep Deprivation and Hypertension ..................................93 Section 9.4—Sleep Deprivation and the Immune System ..............................95 Section 9.5—Sleep Deprivation and Obesity ............................................98 vi Chapter 10—Why Your Brain Needs Sleep ...............................101 Section 10.1—While You Sleep, Your Brain Keeps Working ...............102 Section 10.2—Sleep as Healing Time for Your Brain ...........................104 Section 10.3—Sleep and Memory ....................108 Section 10.4—Sleep and Problem Solving ......110 Chapter 11—Sleep Deprivation Impacts Learning and Education .......................................................113 Section 11.1—Sleep and Learning ..................114 Section 11.2—Sleep May Help Clear the Brain for New Learning ...........116 Section 11.3—Sleep Deprivation and Attention Deficit Hyper- activity Disorder .......................118 Section 11.4—Sleep Deprivation and Visual Perception .....................120 Chapter 12—Sleep Deprivation and Medical Errors among Hospital Staff ............................................123 Chapter 13—Sleep Deprivation among Public Safety Officers ....127 Chapter 14—Drowsy Driving .....................................................133 Part III: Sleep Disorders Chapter 15—Breathing Disorders of Sleep ...............................141 Section 15.1—Sleep Apnea ..............................142 Section 15.2—Snoring ......................................152 Chapter 16—Circadian Rhythm Disorders ...............................155 Section 16.1—Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder ....................................156 Section 16.2—Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder ....158 Section 16.3—Irregular Sleep-Wake Syndrome ..................................161 Section 16.4—Jet Lag ......................................162 Section 16.5—Shift Work Disorder .................166 vii Chapter 17—Excessive Sleeping ................................................169 Section 17.1—Hypersomnia ............................170 Section 17.2—Kleine-Levin Syndrome ...........172 Chapter 18—Insomnia ................................................................175 Chapter 19—Sleep-Related Movement Disorders .....................185 Section 19.1—Periodic Limb Movement Disorder ....................................186 Section 19.2—Restless Legs Syndrome ..........188 Chapter 20—Narcolepsy .............................................................199 Chapter 21—Parasomnias ..........................................................211 Section 21.1—What Are Parasomnias? ...........212 Section 21.2—REM Behavior Disorder ...........217 Section 21.3—Sleep Paralysis .........................218 Section 21.4—Sleepwalking ............................220 Section 21.5—Sleep Eating .............................223 Part IV: Other Health Problems that Often Affect Sleep Chapter 22—Alzheimer’s Disease and Changing Sleep Patterns .................................................................231 Chapter 23—Cancer Patients and Sleep Disorders ..................235 Chapter 24—Gastroesophageal Reflux Disorder and Sleep ...............................................................239 Chapter 25—Mental Health and Sleep......................................245 Section 25.1—Anxiety and Sleep Disorders ...................................246 Section 25.2—Sleep and Depression ...............250 Section 25.3—Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Impact on Sleep .....................................252 Chapter 26—Multiple Sclerosis and Sleep Disorders ...............255 Chapter 27—Nocturia: When the Need to Urinate Interrupts Sleep ....................................................259 viii

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