Slavery’s Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons

418 Pages·2014·3.43 MB·English

by  Sylviane A. Diouf

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NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
www.nyupress.org
© 2014 by Sylviane A. Diouf
All rights reserved
Book designed and typeset by Charles B. Hames
References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing.
Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that
may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Diouf, Sylviane A. (Sylviane Anna), 1952 –
Slavery’s exiles : the story of the American Maroons / Sylviane A. Diouf.
pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8147-2437-8 (hardback)
1. Maroons — Southern States — History.
2. Fugitive slaves — Southern States — History.
3. Southern States — Race relations — History. I. Title.
E450.D56 2014
305.800975 — dc23 2013029821
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and their binding materials are
chosen for strength and durability. We strive to use environmentally responsible suppliers
and materials to the greatest extent possible in publishing our books.
Manufactured in the United States of America
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Also available as an ebook
To Sény and Maya
"
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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments .................................ix
Introduction ....................................1
1 The Development of Marronage in the South ..........17
2 African Maroons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3 Borderland Maroons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4 Daily Life at the Borderlands .......................97
5 Hinterland Maroons ............................130
6 The Maroons of Bas du Fleuve, Louisiana:
From the Borderlands to the Hinterland ...........157
7 The Maroons of Belleisle and Bear Creek .............187
8 The Great Dismal Swamp ........................209
9 The Maroon Bandits ............................230
10 Maroons, Conspiracies, and Uprisings ...............256
11 Out of the Wilds ...............................286
Conclusion ...................................305
Notes ........................................313
Select Bibliography ..............................357
Index ........................................375
About the Author ...............................393
The photographs appear as a group following page 185.
[ vii ]
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Everything starts with research and the people I am particularly indebted
to for the existence of this book are the numerous archivists who have
contributed their knowledge of the materials I was looking for and those
I did not know existed.
I got wonderful assistance at the North Carolina State Archives from
a great, dedicated staff. My sincere thanks go in particular to Christo-
pher Meekins who enthusiastically opened up a whole treasure trove of
documents and even looked for others on his lunch break. I am also very
grateful to Vann Evans for his gracious and generous help. The archivists
at the Library of Virginia, the South Carolina Department of Archives
and History, the Georgia Historical Society, the Georgia Department of
Archives and History, the Hargrett Library at the University of Georgia,
and the New Orleans Public Library have been splendid.
Many thanks go to Diana Lachatanere at the Schomburg Center for
Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library; James D. Wil-
son, Jr., at the Center for Louisiana Studies of the University of Louisiana
at Lafayette; and Melissa Stein at the Louisiana State Museum.
Debbie Gershenowitz, then senior editor at NYU Press, was an enthu-
siastic supporter from the start and I am so immensely grateful to her for
her wonderful work on this book. My deepest appreciation goes to my
editor, Clara Platter, who skillfully made this project a reality.
As always, my family has been actively supportive. My mother, Mar-
tine, Alain, and Mariam always my cheerleaders: they listened to me with
patience, understanding, and encouraged me every step of the way. Maya,
[ ix ]