Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (African Studies) PDF
Preview Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (African Studies)
Martin Klein's eagerly awaited book is a history of slaves during the nine- teenth and twentieth centuries in three former French colonies. It investi- gates the changing nature of local slavery over time, and the evolving French attitudes towards it, through the phases of trade, conquest and colonial rule. The heart of the study focuses on the period between 1876 and 1922, when a French army composed largely of slave soldiers took massive numbers of slaves in the interior, while in areas near the coast, hesitant actions were taken against slave-raiding, trading and use. After 1900, the French withdrew state support of slavery, and as many as a million slaves left their masters. A second exodus occurred after World War I, when soldiers of slave origin returned home. The renegotiation of relationships between those who re- mained and their masters carries the story into the contemporary world. Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa African Studies Series 94 Editorial Board Professor Naomi Chazan, The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Professor Christopher Clapham, Department of Politics and International Relations, Lancaster University Professor Peter Ekeh, Department of African American Studies, State University of New York, Buffalo Dr John Lonsdale, Trinity College, Cambridge Professor Patrick Manning, Department of History, Northeastern University, Boston Published in collaboration with THE AFRICAN STUDIES CENTRE, CAMBRIDGE A list of books in this series will be found at the end of this volume Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa Martin A. Klein University of Toronto CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP, United Kingdom CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, CB2 2RU, United Kingdom 40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA 10 Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia © Martin A. Klein 1998 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 1998 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in 10/11.5 pt Times [VN] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Klein, Martin A. Slavery and colonial rule in French West Africa / Martin A. Klein. p. cm. - (African studies series; 94) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0 521 59324 7 (hb). - ISBN 0 521 59678 5 (pb) 1. Slavery — Africa, French-speaking West — History. 2. Slavery — Senegal - History. 3. Slavery - Guinea - History. 4. Slavery - Mali - History. I. Title. II. Series. HT1396.K54 1998 306.3'62'09660917541-dc21 97-27996 CIP ISBN 0 521 59324 7 hardback ISBN 0 521 59678 5 paperback In memory of Etta Marcus Klein 1910-1993 Contents List of illustrations page x List of maps xi List of tables xii Preface xiii List of abbreviations xvii Glossary xviii 1 Slavery in the Western Sudan 1 2 Abolition and retreat. Senegal 1848-1876 19 3 Slavery, slave-trading and social revolution 37 4 Senegal after Briere 59 5 Conquest of the Sudan: Desbordes to Archinard 77 6 Senegal in the 1890s 94 7 The end of the conquest 108 8 The imposition of metropolitan priorities on slavery 126 9 With smoke and mirrors: slavery and the conquest of Guinea 141 10 The Banamba Exodus 159 11 French fears and the limits to an emancipation policy 178 12 Looking for the tracks. How they did it 197 13 After the War: renegotiating social relations 216 14 A question of honor 237 Appendixes 252 Notes 260 Bibliography 317 Index 347 ix Illustrations Proper sitting positions in Soninke Society. From Eric Pollet page 8 and Grace Winter, La Societe Soninke (Dyahun, Mali). Brus- sels, 1971 Slave women given by Mossi leader to French explorer, 17 Louis-Gustave Binger. From Louis-Gustave Binger, Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee par le pays du Kong et de Mossi, 1887-1889. Paris, 1892 Slave caravan in Malinke area of Sudan. From Joseph 55 Gallieni, Voyage au Soudan francais (Haut-Senegal et pays de Segou), 1879-1881. Paris, 1885 Distribution of slave women after defeat of Mamadu Lamine. 82 From Joseph Gallieni, Deux campagnes au Soudan francais, 1886-1888. Paris, 1891 Street in a liberty village. From Joseph Gallieni, Deux 88 campagnes au Soudan francais Tata of Sikasso and Diassa, fort built by Samori's forces on 110 siege line. From Louis-Gustave Binger, Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee Samori prepares for prayer an hour after his capture. From 120 Henri Gouraud, Souvenir d'un Africain: au Soudan. Paris, 1939 Mossi horsemen return from slave raid with captives. From 123 Louis-Gustave Binger, Du Niger au Golfe de Guinee Forced labor levy gets ready to work on railroad 129 construction. From Joseph Gallieni, Deux campagnes au Soudan francais
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