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Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas This page intentionally left blank Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall TheUniversityof NorthCarolinaPress ChapelHill ©TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress Allrightsreserved SetinMinionwithSyntaxdisplay byTsengInformationSystems,Inc. ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica (cid:4)Thepaperinthisbookmeetstheguidelinesforpermanence anddurabilityoftheCommitteeonProductionGuidelinesfor BookLongevityoftheCouncilonLibraryResources. GratefulacknowledgmentismadetoJeromeS.Handlerforfacilitatingtheuse ofillustrationsfromthewebsite‘‘TheAtlanticSlaveTradeandSlaveLifeintheAmericas,’’ <http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery>,sponsoredbytheVirginiaFoundation fortheHumanitiesandtheUniversityofVirginiaLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hall,GwendolynMidlo. SlaveryandAfricanethnicitiesintheAmericas:restoringthelinks/ byGwendolynMidloHall. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ---(cloth:alk.paper) .Africans—America—Ethnicidentity..Slavery—America—History. .Slaves—America—History.I.Title. .  .'—dc            Tomydaughter,RebeccaL.Hall, andmygranddaughter,SajiaI.Hall: thenexttwogenerationsofwomenhistorians amongmydescendants. This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface:TruthandReconciliation xiii Acknowledgments xix .Gold,God,Race,andSlaves  .MakingInvisibleAfricansVisible:Coasts,Ports,Regions, andEthnicities  .TheClusteringofAfricanEthnicitiesintheAmericas  .GreaterSenegambia/UpperGuinea  .LowerGuinea:IvoryCoast,GoldCoast,SlaveCoast/BightofBenin  .LowerGuinea:TheBightofBiafra  .Bantulands:WestCentralAfricaandMozambique  Conclusion:ImplicationsforCultureFormationintheAmericas  Appendix:PricesofSlavesbyEthnicityandGender inLouisiana,–  Notes  Bibliography  Index  This page intentionally left blank Illustrations, Figures, Maps, and Tables  Nok-SokotoCulture,Nigeria,‘‘HeadofCourtFigure’’  WomenwarriorsparadingbeforetheDahomeykingandEuropean men  MozambiqueAfricansinBrazil  WestCentralAfricansinBrazil  DifferentAfrican‘‘nations’’inBrazil  MenandwomenfromBenguelaandKongolivinginBrazil  Africanstakenasslavesineighteenth-centurySenegal  Woodencollarsusedintheslavetrade  AslavecofflecomingfromtheinteriorinSenegal  PosteradvertisingthesaleofAfricansfromSierraLeoneinCharleston, SouthCarolina  Revoltaboardaslaveship,  PhillisWheatley  JobBenSolomon  AbdulRahaman  AkanPeoples,BauleGroup,‘‘SpiritSpouse(wakasnan)’’  EdoPeoples,BeninKingdom,‘‘HipOrnamentinFormofMask’’  EdoPeoples,BeninKingdom,‘‘HeadofOba’’  MahommahGardoBaquaqua  Seventeenth-centurymusicalinstrumentsfromtheGoldCoast  OlaudahEquiano  ChokwePeoples,SchoolofMuzamba,‘‘SeatedChief-MusicianPlayingthe Sansa’’  KongoPeoples,‘‘MagicalFigure(nkisi)’’  Bantuwomencultivatingthesoilwithhoes  PrincessMadia 

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Enslaved peoples were brought to the Americas from many places in Africa, but a large majority came from relatively few ethnic groups. Drawing on a wide range of materials in four languages as well as on her lifetime study of slave groups in the New World, Gwendolyn Midlo Hall explores the persisten
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248 Pages·2005·3.82 MB·English
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Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas This page intentionally left blank Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall TheUniversityof NorthCarolinaPress ChapelHill ©TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaPress Allrightsreserved SetinMinionwithSyntaxdisplay byTsengInformationSystems,Inc. ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica (cid:4)Thepaperinthisbookmeetstheguidelinesforpermanence anddurabilityoftheCommitteeonProductionGuidelinesfor BookLongevityoftheCouncilonLibraryResources. GratefulacknowledgmentismadetoJeromeS.Handlerforfacilitatingtheuse ofillustrationsfromthewebsite‘‘TheAtlanticSlaveTradeandSlaveLifeintheAmericas,’’ <http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery>,sponsoredbytheVirginiaFoundation fortheHumanitiesandtheUniversityofVirginiaLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hall,GwendolynMidlo. SlaveryandAfricanethnicitiesintheAmericas:restoringthelinks/ byGwendolynMidloHall. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ---(cloth:alk.paper) .Africans—America—Ethnicidentity..Slavery—America—History. .Slaves—America—History.I.Title. .  .'—dc            Tomydaughter,RebeccaL.Hall, andmygranddaughter,SajiaI.Hall: thenexttwogenerationsofwomenhistorians amongmydescendants. This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface:TruthandReconciliation xiii Acknowledgments xix .Gold,God,Race,andSlaves  .MakingInvisibleAfricansVisible:Coasts,Ports,Regions, andEthnicities  .TheClusteringofAfricanEthnicitiesintheAmericas  .GreaterSenegambia/UpperGuinea  .LowerGuinea:IvoryCoast,GoldCoast,SlaveCoast/BightofBenin  .LowerGuinea:TheBightofBiafra  .Bantulands:WestCentralAfricaandMozambique  Conclusion:ImplicationsforCultureFormationintheAmericas  Appendix:PricesofSlavesbyEthnicityandGender inLouisiana,–  Notes  Bibliography  Index  This page intentionally left blank Illustrations, Figures, Maps, and Tables  Nok-SokotoCulture,Nigeria,‘‘HeadofCourtFigure’’  WomenwarriorsparadingbeforetheDahomeykingandEuropean men  MozambiqueAfricansinBrazil  WestCentralAfricansinBrazil  DifferentAfrican‘‘nations’’inBrazil  MenandwomenfromBenguelaandKongolivinginBrazil  Africanstakenasslavesineighteenth-centurySenegal  Woodencollarsusedintheslavetrade  AslavecofflecomingfromtheinteriorinSenegal  PosteradvertisingthesaleofAfricansfromSierraLeoneinCharleston, SouthCarolina  Revoltaboardaslaveship,  PhillisWheatley  JobBenSolomon  AbdulRahaman  AkanPeoples,BauleGroup,‘‘SpiritSpouse(wakasnan)’’  EdoPeoples,BeninKingdom,‘‘HipOrnamentinFormofMask’’  EdoPeoples,BeninKingdom,‘‘HeadofOba’’  MahommahGardoBaquaqua  Seventeenth-centurymusicalinstrumentsfromtheGoldCoast  OlaudahEquiano  ChokwePeoples,SchoolofMuzamba,‘‘SeatedChief-MusicianPlayingthe Sansa’’  KongoPeoples,‘‘MagicalFigure(nkisi)’’  Bantuwomencultivatingthesoilwithhoes  PrincessMadia 

Description:
Enslaved peoples were brought to the Americas from many places in Africa, but a large majority came from relatively few ethnic groups. Drawing on a wide range of materials in four languages as well as on her lifetime study of slave groups in the New World, Gwendolyn Midlo Hall explores the persisten
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