Slave systems : ancient and modern

390 Pages·2008·2.521 MB·English

by  Dal Lago, Enrico, Katsari, Constantina

SLAVE SYSTEMS
Thisisaground-breakingeditedcollectionchartingtheriseandfallof
formsofunfreelabourintheancientMediterraneanandthemodern
Atlantic, employing the methodology of comparative history. The
elevenchaptersinthebookdealwithconceptualissuesanddifferent
approachestohistoricalcomparison,andincludespecificcase-studies
rangingfromtheancientformsofslaveryofclassicalGreeceandofthe
Roman empire to the modern examples of slavery that characterized
the Caribbean, Latin America, and the United States. The results
demonstrate both how much the modern world has inherited from
theancientinregardtotheideologyandpracticeofslavery,andalso
howmanyoftheissuesandproblemsrelatedtothelatterseemtohave
beenfundamentallycomparableacrosstimeandspace.
ENRICO DAL LAGO isLecturerinAmericanHistoryattheNational
UniversityofIreland,Galway.HisbooksincludeTheAmericanSouth
andtheItalianMezzogiorno(co-editor,2001),SlaveryandEmancipation
(co-editor, 2002), and Agrarian Elites: American Slaveholders and
SouthernItalianLandowners,1815–1861(author,2005).
CONSTANTINA KATSARI is Lecturer in Ancient History at the
University of Leicester. She is co-editor of Patterns in the Economy
ofRomanAsiaMinor(2005)andiscompletingamonographonthe
Roman monetary economy. Her articles on Roman economy and
ideology have appeared in edited collections and internationally
acknowledgedperiodicals.

SLAVE SYSTEMS
Ancient and Modern
EDITED BY
ENRICO DAL LAGO
AND
CONSTANTINA KATSARI
CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB28RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www.cambridge.org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521881838
© Cambridge University Press 2008
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of
relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place
without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published in print format 2008
ISBN-13 978-0-511-38826-2 eBook (NetLibrary)
ISBN-13 978-0-521-88183-8 hardback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls
for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not
guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
Contents
Listoffigures pagevii
Listoftables viii
Listofcontributors ix
Acknowledgments xii
PART I SLAVERY, SLAVE SYSTEMS, WORLD HISTORY,
1
AND COMPARATIVE HISTORY
1 Thestudyofancientandmodernslavesystems:
settinganagendaforcomparison
3
EnricoDalLagoandConstantinaKatsari
2 Slavery,gender,andworkinthepre-modernworld
andearlyGreece:across-culturalanalysis
32
OrlandoPatterson
3 Slavingashistoricalprocess:examplesfromtheancient
MediterraneanandthemodernAtlantic
70
JosephC.Miller
PART II ECONOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF ANCIENT
103
AND MODERN SLAVE SYSTEMS
4 Thecomparativeeconomicsofslaveryinthe
Greco-Romanworld
105
WalterScheidel
5 Slaveryandtechnologyinpre-industrialcontexts
127
TraceyRihll
v
vi Contents
6 Comparingorinterlinking?Economiccomparisonsof
earlynineteenth-centuryslavesystemsintheAmericas
inhistoricalperspective
148
MichaelZeuske
PART III IDEOLOGIES AND PRACTICES OF MANAGEMENT
185
IN ANCIENT AND MODERN SLAVERY
7 IdealmodelsofslavemanagementintheRomanworld
andintheante-bellumAmericanSouth
187
EnricoDalLagoandConstantinaKatsari
8 Panis,disciplina,etopusservo:theJesuitideologyin
PortugueseAmericaandGreco-Romanideasofslavery
RafaeldeBivarMarqueseandFa´bioDuarteJoly 214
231
PART IV EXITING SLAVE SYSTEMS
9 Processesofexitingtheslavesystems:atypology
233
OlivierP´etr´e-Grenouilleau
10 Emancipationschemes:differentwaysofendingslavery
265
StanleyEngerman
PART V SLAVERY AND UNFREE LABOUR, ANCIENT
283
AND MODERN
11 Spartiates,helotsandthedirectionoftheagrarian
economy:towardanunderstandingofhelotagein
comparativeperspective
285
StephenHodkinson
Bibliography 321
Index 360
Figures
2.1 Percentslaverybyfemaleparticipation page44
2.2 Percentslaverybysubsistencemode 45
2.3 Percentslaverybywarfare 47
2.4 Slaverybyfemaleparticipationinanimalhusbandry:
allsocieties 47
2.5 Slaverybyagriculturallevel 49
2.6 Slaverybyagriculturaltype 50
2.7 Slaverybybridewealth 51
2.8a Polygynybyfemaleparticipation 52
2.8bSlaverybypolygyny 52
2.9 Generalmodelofslavery 57
vii
Tables
2.1a Orderedlogisticregressionsoffemaleparticipation
onselectedvariablesforextensiveagriculturalists page53
2.1b Orderedlogisticregressionsoffemaleparticipation
onselectedvariablesforintensiveagriculturalists 54
2.2a Logisticregressionsofslaveryonselectedvariables
forextensiveagriculturalists 56
2.2bLogisticregressionsofslaveryonselectedvariables
forintensiveagriculturalists 56
3.1 Epochsofthepastandstrategiesofslaving 100
3.2 NoveltiesintheAtlantic(1) 101
3.3 NoveltiesintheAtlantic(2) 101
3.4 NoveltiesintheAtlantic(3) 102
4.1 TheTeminmatrix 113
4.2 TheFenoalteamatrix 114
4.3 Compositeslidingscale 114
4.4 RegionalvariationinrealslavepricesintheGreco-Roman
Mediterranean(maleandfemale;inwheatequivalent) 124
10.1 Thetimingoftheendingoftheslavetradeandslavery 280
10.2 SlaverylawsinthenorthernUnitedStates 281
10.3 SlaverylawsinSpanishAmerica 281
10.4 SlaverylawsintheSpanishCaribbeanandBrazil 281
10.5 EmancipationofserfsinEurope 282
viii
Contributors
ENRICO DAL LAGO is Lecturer in American History at the National
University of Ireland, Galway. He is the author of Agrarian Elites:
American Slaveholders and Southern Italian Landowners, 1815–1861
(2005) and co-editor (with Rick Halpern) of The American South and
the Italian Mezzogiorno: Essays in Comparative History (2001), and
Slavery&Emancipation(2002).Heiscurrentlyworkingonacompara-
tivestudyofAmericanAbolitionistWilliamLloydGarrisonandItalian
DemocratGiuseppeMazzini.
STANLEY ENGERMAN is John H. Munro Professor of Economics and
Professor of History at the University of Rochester. He is either co-
authororco-editorofseveralbooks,amongthemTimeontheCross:The
Economics of American Negro Slavery (co-author with Robert Fogel,
1974), British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery (co-editor with
BarbaraSolow,1987),andAHistoricalGuidetoWorldSlavery(co-editor
with Seymour Drescher, 1998). His more recent publication is Slavery,
Emancipation,andFreedom:ComparativePerspectives(2007).
STEPHENHODKINSONisProfessorofAncientHistoryattheUniversityof
Nottingham, where he directs the AHRC-funded research project
‘Sparta in Comparative Perspective’, and is Co-Director of the
Institute for the Study of Slavery and the Centre for Spartan and
Peloponnesian Studies. He is the author of Property and Wealth in
Classical Sparta (2000) and co-editor (with Anton Powell) of Sparta:
New Perspectives (1999), Sparta: Beyond the Mirage (2002), and Sparta
and War (2006). His current research focuses on cross-cultural
approaches to ancient Sparta and on her role as a comparative model
inmodernthought.
FA´BIO DUARTE JOLY is Adjunct Professor in Ancient and Medieval
History at the Universidade Federal do Recoˆncavo da Bahia. He took
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