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Slang Rules!: A Practical Guide for English Learners (Merriam Webster Learner's) PDF

208 Pages·2008·25.97 MB·English
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Preview Slang Rules!: A Practical Guide for English Learners (Merriam Webster Learner's)

A PRACGTUIICFDAOELER NG LILSEHA RNERS OriHna rgraves IllustbryAa nttehdo ny Jenkins Merriam-WIenbcsotrepro,r ated SpringMfaisesladc,h Uu.sSe.ttAs., ® r---- - @ - - AG ENUIMNEER RIAM-WEBSTER Thnea mWe ebsatleorn neo g iusa ranotfee xec ellIeitnsu c seeb.dy a numboefrp ublisahnedmr asys ervmea intlomy i slaenau dn wabryu yer. Merriam-W™ eibtss hnteea rmyeo ush oullodof kow rh eyno cu onsider thpeu rchoafds iec tioonroa trhifeeirsnr ee ferbeonockeIsc t.a rrtihees reputaotfai c oonm patnhyah ta bse epnu blisshiin1nc8ge3 a1n di s youars suroafnq cuea laintday u thority. Copyrig2h0t0b©8y O riHna rgraves ISB9N7:8 -087779-682-4 LibroafCr oyn grCeastsa loging-inD-aPtuab lication HargraOvreisn,. I Slarnugl :e sp!ar actgiuciafdloeE r n glliesahr nOerriHsna rgraves. p.cm. Incluidnedse x. ISB9N7 8-0-87779-682-4 1.Englliasnhg uage-Slang-Dictionaries. 2.Englliasnhg uage-Texftobfroo orkessip gena kIeTr.is t.l e. PE2846.2H03068 427' .09-dc22 2008033245 Excefrrpotm byQ uenTtairna nCtoipnyor.©i 1g9h9tb7 y JacBkroiwen A: Screenplay, QuenTtairna nUtsienbdoyp . e rmisosfHi yopne rBiooonkA sl.l rriegshetrvse d. Alrli ghrtess ervNeodp .a rto ft hibso ocko verbeytd h ceo pyrihgehrtemsoa ny ber eprodourcc eodpi ienad n fyo romrb ya nmye ans-graeplheicct,ro orn ic, mechaniinccallu,pd hiontgo coptyaipniognr,ig n,f ormsattoiroaanng dre e trieval systems-wwirtihtoptueetrn m isosfti hopenu blisher. Madien t hUen itSetda toefAs m erica 5432Q W/V12111009 Thibso oikds e dictaott hemeda nfyr iends whoo,v etrhy ee ahrasv,ie n vimtee d toc rotshsce u ltduirvaild e ont hber idogfEe n glish; partictuol arly MaatMia,jl irdf,aa nnNd,e bo Acknowledgments Iw oulldit koet haHnykp erBiooonfk ospr e rmistsoei xocnet rhpet QuenTtairna ntino asncdDr eeseeSnrttp olrRamey c,o frodtrsh ley ric byF abolSoeuvseb.rl aolg gerksi newdne oruetg olh e mte q uote extensfirvotemhl eeyix rc elblieonpgtsr ,o vigdoionadgn dg enuine matefroiiral ll usttrhuaest oeif sn lga Inwg o;u leds pecliiatkloel y thaCnhke voCnonlel TienJdso ,h nsaonnTd,r aXc.y Theb oowko ulhda vbee eanlb lu utn imagiwniatbhltoehul eti vely, apta,n vdi vdirda wionfAg nst hoJneyn kLionrsHe.ae n lya oiudt thpea gweist sht yalneds e nsiFtiinvaiIalt mlye y.s, p ecgiraaltleyf ul tom ye diatnodfr r iaetnM de rriamt-eWMrea,br Sskt evwehnoss,e paticeanraten dd etaaitlteedn htaivcoeon n triibmumteeads urably tot hmee riotfts h bioso k. OriHna rgraves WestminMsDt er, Contents ProniuanitcoSny mb.o.l.s. .............v.i.i. ...................................... SlaFnAg.Q . .....................a.1. ..................................................... AboutthU en is.t ....................a.3. .............................................. UniAtY: o.!. .....................a.S. ................................................... UniBt:G immaeB re.a.k.!. .............a.7. ...................................... Unit CW:h a?tS. a.y. ................a.9. ............................................ UniDt:W ord.!. ...................a.1.1. .............................................. SlaRnugl .e.s.!. ..................a1.4. ................................................ Uni1tW: h oY oTua lkTio.n?.' . .............1. .................................... Uni2tC: h oTwm ie. ...................3. ............................................. Uni3tH: o to rC oo.l.?. ................5. ............................................ Uni4tT: o Coo ofloS rc ho.o.l. .............7. .................................... Uni5tK: n oYwo uCrr tiret.s. ..............1.0. ................................... Uni6tH: o wM ucYha T alkAibnuo'?t. ..........1.2. ........................ Uni7tW: ordFsa Miel. .................1.5. ........................................ Uni8tK: a -ch!.i .n.g.................1.8. ............................................. Uni9tL: o wo nD oug.h.?. ..............2.0. ...................................... Uni1t0C :he kcT hiOsu. t. ...............2.3. ...................................... Uni1t1I :Yf a C an'Bte a'te Jm,o i'ne. m. .........2.6. ..................... Uni1t2S :a kcT mie. ..................2.8. ........................................... Uni1t3Y :o uSh oulBde eTnh e.r.e.!. .........3.1. ............................ Uni1t4 A:lT lo olUep.d . ................3.3. ....................................... Uni1t5 A:i nN'oPt o i.n.t..... ............3.5. ..................................... Uni1t6 A:C lip .J.o.i.n.t. .............3.7. ......................................... Uni1t7Y :e Yra nkMiynC 'h a.i.n. ...........3.9. ............................... Uni1t8G :o Wth ee.l.s.?. ..............4.1. ........................................ Uni1t9H :o wdDjoa.? . ................4.4. ......................................... Uni2t0W :h enY aG ottGao . ................4.6. ............................. Uni2t1N :a Tihla Stu ck.e.r.!. ............4.7. ................................... Uni2t2T :h Ger iRme ap.e.r. .............4.9. .................................... Uni2t3S :co pTeh .i.s. ................5.2. .......................................... Uni2t4U :h . .......................5.5. .............................................. Uni2t5G :r eBaotd. !. .................5.8. .......................................... Uni2t6B :y t hNeu mbe.r.s. ..............6.1. .................................... Uni2t7W :h atth Hee kcI Tsh a?.t ............6.3. ............................. V Uni2t8 T:o a .T. ....................6.6. ............................................... Uni2t9 A: L owlGiefteNs a bb.e.d. ...........6.8. ............................ Uni3t0 G:e Yte Srt u'ffn G'o . ..............7.1. ................................ Uni3t1 K:n owleodfCg oel l.e.g.e. ...........7.3. ............................. Uni3t2 W:h addaTyihan k.?. ..............7.6. .................................. Uni3t3 F:r igIgnitne'.n .s.e. ..............7.9. .................................... Uni3t4 A:l iOebnj eAcptpsr oac.h.i.n.g. .......8.3. ........................ Uni3t5 W:h att'hsBe u z.z. ...............8.6. .................................... Uni3t6 C:h eaSpu bsti.t.u.t.e.s. ..........8.9. .................................. Uni3t7 I:sI Lto v.e.?. .................9.2. .......................................... Uni3t8 I:tf h Seh oFei .ts.. .......................9.5. .......................... Uni3t9 A: S etJuop.b . .................9.9. ........................................ Uni4t0 I:tF eeNlisct eoS aIytT wi.c.e. ........1.0.2. ...................... Uni4t1 D:o nT'rtTy ih ast H om.e. ...........1.0.4. .......................... Uni4t2 T:mi ef oSro mAen swe.r.s. ...................................... 107 Uni4t3 W:i nS omeL,o sSeo m.e. ............1.1.0. .......................... Uni4t4 W:h aKti nPdlaa IcsTe hi s.?. ..........1.1.3. ....................... Uni4t5 G:i mmSeo mSek i.n. .............1.1.5. ............................... Uni4t6 H:i gLhi .f.e. .................1.1.8. ......................................... Uni4t7 L:i kICe a r.e. .................1.2.1. ........................................ Uni4t8 I:nD eeDpo o-D.o.o. .............1.2.3. ................................ Uni4t9 T:o ugNhu ttsoC ra.c.k. ............1.2.5. ............................ Uni5t0 S:e Yea . ....................1.2.8. ............................................ Uni5t1 W:o rfdo Wro r.d. ...............1.2.9. .................................. Uni5t2 H:o wS omFeo lTkas.l .k. ...........1.3.1. ............................ Uni5t3 T:eh y'Prlea yYienSr'o n.g. ...........1.3.3. ......................... LeYto uFri ngDeort sh Tea lk.i.n.'. ..........1.3.5. ........................... Uni5t4 B:l oSgt y.l.e. .................1.3.6. ........................................ Uni5t5 T:r ip.p.i.n.'. ................1.3.9. .......................................... Uni5t6 V:i b.i.n.'. .................1..4.3. ............................................ Uni5t7 B:i tc.h.i.n.'. ................1.4.6. .......................................... Uni5t8 I:t a'L so vTehi n.g. ...............1.4.9. ................................. Uni5t9 D:o wni nF lam.e.s. ..............1.5.2. ................................. Uni6t0 Y:o uD eci.d.e. ................1.5.4. ....................................... Uni6t1 C:u tto t hCeh a.s.e. .............1.5.7. ................................. Uni6t2 TX:T U L8R .................1.6.0. .......................................... AnswKeer.y . .....................1.6.4. ............................................... lnd.e.x. .......................1.7.9. ...................................................... vi PronuncSiyamtbioolns Consonants Vowels b bablya,b coarb, a3 asbka,tg ,l ad d dayk,ird i,d dle a: cobto,m bp,a w � Jusbta,d gfeurd,g e ·& befte,d a theeni,t bhaetrh,e a aboubta,n acnoal,l ide foteo,u gbhu,ff i: eabte,a bdee, god,a ggbear,g idb,i pdi,t g h hota,h ead u foosth,o upludt, yevsi,n eyard u: boottw,oc ,o o k caftl,o sckki,n A undpeurt,bt u,d law, hollow fl- mergbei,rf du,rt her pedbaalt,t flien,a l er/ej eigwhatd,pe l,a y m math,e mph,a mmer aJ/aj icbei,tt ei,l e n newt,e ntte,n, ro urn au/awo utg,o wno,w l rJ buttsoant,ki int,t en or/oj oystceorib,lo ,y rJ runhga,n sgw,i nger ou/owo ato,w nz,o ne p tops,p eepda,y Of!-/arc ahre,a srtt,a r ropaer,r ive ef!-lerb arfea,iw re,a r s sadm,i skti,s s if!-lir neadre,e mre,r e shomei,s ssilouns,h Of!-lorb oar,d opoorrt , stilcaktl,ea ,t er uf!-/urb ootro,u r ff batcnha,t ucrheo,o se 0 thient,h beart,h OthSeyrm bols V vante,v cearv,e w wets,o ftware higsht rpeesnsm:a nship z zooe,a sbyu,zz loswt rpeesnsm:a nship 3 visiaoznub,re ei,g e I slausshei dnp airmsa rtko thbee ginanniednn god f a pronuncoirsa eottfi on pronuncfipaetni/o ns vii SLANFGA Q Whaitss lan!f Slainstg h lea ngutahgapete opolfet uesnie n s peakainndwg r iting informally. Whou sessl ang? EveryAonnyeo.wn heo sfei rlsatn guiasEg neg luissehEs n glsilsahan tg somteime. Whendo p eopulsese l ant? Peopulsee swlhaentnga lkintgh ewfiirrti hea nnddfs a mimleym bers. Themya ya lsuos iewt hetnh efyi rmsetes to meoonfte h eoiwrna ge. Especfioayrlo luynp ge opcloen,v erisnsi lnagin sagw ayt of inodu wth at thintghseh ya vienc ommon. Issl ant dtiolffi ecaurlnt? NoI.n m oswta yssl,a inesga sitehartn h Een glyiosulh e airntn h e classrBouoytmo .uw inlele pdr actinio credt eoru nderswthaenyndo u're hearing slang. Issl adnitffi ctuols tp eak? NoS.l ainseg a stieosr p etahka snt andEanrgdl biescha umsoeso tft he wordasrs ei mpalnedsr o mreu loefgs r ammaarrne o ats i mportant. CanIu ssel aannty time? NoP. eopulseu adloln you ts sel ainntg h essiet uations: •whesnp eaktiopn ego pilnoe ff icpioasli tsiuocnahsst , e achoerrs poliocffei cers •whesnp eakoinnt ght ee lephwointseho meotnheed yo nk'nto w well •whesnp eakfionrgm alleyx-afmopril nae m ,e etiantwg o rk •whesnp eakwiintsght rangers Issl aonffte nsive? Mosstl ainsgn o'ftf enBsuiutvs ei.sn lga inngf ormal-language situations isna'ptp roprainadst oem,e omnieg htta koeff enisyfeo ud o. a1 Doessl ainngc lsuodmeoe f fenwsoirvdes ? YeAsl.tl h sel awnogr idnts h bioso tkh amta yb eo ffensairmveae r ked, anydo suh ounledvu esrte h eamr oupnedo pwlheom igbheto ffended byt heSmo.m weo radrsoe f fenmsoisvttelop y a rtigcruolutaphrse ;s e woradrsae l isdoe ntiintf hibieosdo k. Howd oI k noiwaf w oridss lang? Itn'osat l waeyassM ya!n wyo rhdasv deo ublli�vw eistb,ho tshl ang ansdt andmaeradn iMnogssEt.n glisho-nllekyan rotnwhe aarwt so rids slawnhge tnh eaysa kn atEinvgel ish-speevaenknae tri-vaen ds peakers mayd isagTrheibeso! os kh ouglidvy eoa ug ooudn derstoafhn odwi ng Ameriucsasenl sa snogt ,h ayto ub'eal bllt eos petaoak n yowniet h confidence! Howd oI l easrlna ng? Bys tudtyhibinosgo Ikwt!i hlelly pot uo u nderstthtaehn rdme aei n aspeocfst lsa ng: Words Theea sipeasrottfl earsnlianinglsg e arnneiwwn ogr dAsl.t hough thearreme a nsyl awnogr dtsh,ea yrn eo dti fftiolc eualTrthn ea.yr e oftsehno rtaenrmd o rfeu tnh aont hweorr dasn,md o sotft heamr e relattowe odr tdhsay toa ul rekandoyw . Pronunciation Whepne optlaeil nkf ortmhaeulysl uya,dl olnpy'r to nounce their worcdasr efaunsldol myse,o ungdelste ofutot rc hangAeldss.oo ,m e wormdasy h avaes pecpiraoln unctihaaitdtsii ofnf ferroetmnh te onyeo lue arinnse cdh oTohlib.so owki slhlo ywo tuh ceo mmowna ys thAamte risclaainnps gr onouInwtci ealdll.ss hoo ywo huo wo rdi­ narwyo rmdasy b es pelwlheetdnh eayrb ee iunsgea dss lang. Grammar Ini nfoErnmgallsi osmhre,u loefgs r ammaarireg noHroewde.v er, yocua ns'itm pclhyo owshei rcuhl yeoswu i ilgln ore-tihase rcel ear differences pbeeatkiwinenfegon r amnasdlp leya kiinncgo rrTehcitsl y! boowki slhlo ywo wuh ircuhl oefgs r ammcahra nagnewd,h ircuhl es arseo metiigmneoswr heedsn,p eaksilnagn g. a2

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