Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount

423 Pages·2009·13.26 MB·English

NASA TECHNICAL June 28, 1974
MEMORANDUM
NASA TM X-64811
/
MSFC SKYLAB APOLLO TELESCOPE MOUNT
Skylab Program Office
NASA
George C. Marshal! Space Flight Center
Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama
(NASA-TN-X-64811) IMSFC SKYLAB APOLLO N74-31334'
TELESCOPE IOUNT (NASA) .42.p HC $9.00
42.3 CSCL 22B
Unclas
. .. .G3/31 45770
MSFC - Form 3190 (Rev June 1971)
TECHNICAL REPORT STANDARD TITLE PAGE
1. REPORT NO. 2. GOVERNMENT ACCESSION NO. 3, RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO.
NASA TM X-64811
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT OATE
MSFC Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount June 28, 1974
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CCOE
7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPrRr n
A. R. Morse
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NO.
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812
13, TYPE OF REPOR. & PERIOD COVERED
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
Technical Memorandum
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Technical Memorandum
Washington, D. C. 20546
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES .
Prepared by ATM Project Office
16. ABSTRACT
This report presents a technical history and management
critique of the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) from
initial conception through the design, manufacturing,
testing and prelaunch phases. A mission performance summary
provides a general overview of the ATM's achievements in
relationship to its design goals. The report also includes
recommendations and conclusions applicable to hardware design,
test program philosophy and performance, and program manage-
ment techniques for the ATM with potential application to
future programs.
17, KEY WOROS 16. OISTRISUTION STATEMENT
Skylab
Apollo Telescope Mount Unclassified - Unlimited
19. SECURITY CLASSIF. (a(t his r*Pct 20. SECURITY CLASSIF. (of this page) 21. NO. OF PAGES 22. PRICE
Unclassified Unclassified 429 NTIS
MSVC Vaor ?in1 (ReV Decembe r t i) For sal,e by Naltional Techi l Informtation ServieeCq Pritigfihl, Virgni 1~l SI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vii
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
Non-Standard Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
SECTION II. ATM PROJECT SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Project Planning Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 2-4
SECTION III. MISSION SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Experiment Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Structures and Mechanical System . . . . . . . . . . 3-12
Electrical Power System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
Thermal Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Instrumentation and Communications System . . . . . 3-17
Attitude and Pointing Control System . . . . . . . . 3-18
Crew Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Control and Display Console . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
SECTION IV. ATM EVOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Early History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
Cluster Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
SECTION V. SKYLAB - ATM PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
ATM Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
ATM Project Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Major ATM Project Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7
ATM Project Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
ATM Weight Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
ATM Project Schedules . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . 5-32
SECTION VI. STRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL SYSTEM . . . . . 6-1
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 6-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 6-21
Manufacturing ... . . ............. . . ...... . 6-24
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . 6-29
Systems Verification Program ........... . . . 6-32
PREC1D)ING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
SECTION VII. THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 7-3
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
SECTION VIII. ELECTRICAL POWER AND NETWORKS SYSTEM . . 8-1
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 8-11
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-24
SECTION IX. ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM - SOLAR ARRAY . . . 9-1
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 9-8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29
SECTION X. INSTRUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM . . 10-1
Systems Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 10-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 10-12
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . 10-21
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25
SECTION XI. ATTITUDE AND POINTING CONTROL SYSTEM . . .. 11-1
Systems Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 11-13
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-24
SECTION XII. CONTROL AND DISPLAY CONSOLE . . . . . . . . 1.2-1
System Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . . 12-8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-17
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-32
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
SECTION XIII. WHITE LIGHT CORONAGRAPH (S052) . . . . . 13-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 13-7
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 13-10
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-11
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12
SECTION XIV. X-RAY SPECTROGRAPHIC TELESCOPE (S054) . . 14-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 14-10
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-12
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 14-14
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 14-16
SECTION XV. ULTRAVIOLET SCANNING POLYCHROMATOR
SPECTROHELIOMETER (S055A) . . . . . . . . 15-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . 15-8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-9
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 15-10
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-12
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 15-13
SECTION XVI. X-RAY TELESCOPE (S056) . . . . . . . . . 16-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 16-9
Manufacturing . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-10
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 16-11
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-12
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 16-13
SECTION XVII. EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROHELIOGRAPH
(S082A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 17-6
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-8
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 17-9
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-10
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 17-11
V
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Page
SECTION XVIII. SPECTROGRAPH AND EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET
MONITOR (S082B) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-i
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 18-8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-10
Component/End Item Qualification . . . . . . . . . 18-10
Acceptance Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-12
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19
SECTION XIX. HYDROGEN ALPHA TELESCOPES (H-ALPHA 1
AND H-ALPHA 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
Experiment Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
System Evolution and Design Rationale . . . . . . . 19-8
Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-10
Component/End Item Qualification .. . . . . . . . 19-11
Acceptance Test . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . 19-13
Systems Verification Program . . . . . . . . . . . 19-15
SECTION XX. ATM CREW EVA EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . 20-1
System Description and Design Rationale . . . . . . 20-1
Crew Interface/Test Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-5
SECTION XXI. CONTAMINATION CONTROL PROGRAM . . . . . . 21-1
Material Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1
Cleanliness Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1
Vi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure
Page
5-1 ATM Weight Growth Summary .......... . 5-29
5-2 ATM Project Major Milestone Schedule . . . 5-21
6-1 ATM Rack Structure ... ........... . . . 6-2
6-2 ATM Spar and Canister . ... ........ . . .6-4
6-3 Experiment Pointing Control Roll
Positioning Mechanism . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6-4 Roll Ring Support Assemblies . . . . . . . 6-7
6-5 Canister Launch Locks .. . .......... . . 6-8
6-6 EPC Actuator Assembly . . . ......... . . . 6-9
6-7 Roll Drive and Brake Assembly . . . . . . . 6-10
6-8 Roll Position Indicator Assembly . . . . . 6-12
6-9 Roll Stop Assembly ... . . ......... . . 6-13
6-10 Orbital Lock Assembly . . . . . . . .... 6-14
6-11 Canister Side Door (Typical) . . . . ...... 6-15
6-12 Sun Shield Door (Typical) . . ........ . . 6-17
6-13 Sun Shield Aperture Door (Typical) . . . . 6-19
6-14 GN2 Purge Fitting Retract Mechanism . . . 6-20
6-15 Basic Payload Module ... ......... .. 6-21
6-16 ATM Spar . . . .. ......... .. .. . . . 6-24
6-17 Experiment Zero Gravity Fixture . ..... . . 6-26
6-18 Experiment Alignment Equipment Set-Up . . . 6-28
6-19 Saturn V Engine Cut-Off Acceleration Pattern 6-34
6-20 ATM Aperture Door Modifications . . . . . . 6-36
7-1. ATM Thermal Control System .. ....... . . 7-2
7-2 ATM Radiator Panel . . . . . . . . . 7-5
7-3 ATM Cold Plate .... . . . . . . . .... 7-6
8-1 C&D Panel Sections Associated with the
ATM EPS . . . .. . . . ............... 8-3
8-2 ATM Electrical Power System, Functional
Diga.........................
Diagram . . . . . . . 8-4
9-1 Solar Array Configuration .. ......... .. 9-2
9-2 ATM Solar Wing Cinching System . . . . . . 9-9
9-3 ATM Solar Wing Deployment System ... ..... 9-10
9-4 ATM Solar Wing Mounting Structure . . . . . 9-11
9-5 Solar Wing Deployment Fixture .. ..... . 9-16
vii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure Page
10-i ATM I&CS Electrical Interfaces . . . . . . . . 10-1
10-2 ATM I&CS Data Subsystem Block Diagram . . . . 10-4
10-3 ATM I&CS Digital Command Subsystem
Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7
10-4 Telemetry Subsystem Block Diagram and
Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-9
10-5 ATM I&CS Television Subsystem Block Diagram . 10-10
11-1 Functional Block Diagram of the APCS . . . . . 11-1
11-2 Line Pictorial of a Control Moment Gyro . . . 11-4
11-3 Functional Diagram of the CMG Configuration . 11-10
11-4 ATM Experiment Canister Pointing Mechanism . . 11-11
12-1 ATM Control and Display Console Panel
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
12-2 ATM Control and Display Console Functional
Panel Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4
12-3 Inverter-Lighting Control Assembly Block
Diagram and ATM C&D Console Interface . . 11-7
12-4 ATM Rotation Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . 11-9
12-5 ATM DAS Backup Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-10
12-6 ATM Control and Display Consoel Functions . . 11-1.2
12-7 Rotation Control Panel and ATM C&D Interface . 11-18
13-1 S052 White Light Coronagraph . . . . . . . . . 12-2
13-2 S052 Optical Controls and Displays Operation
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3
14-1 3054, X-Ray Spectrographic Telescope,
Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-2
14-2 S054 Assembly Location . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3
14-3 S054 Optical Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4
14-4 S054 Controls and Displays Operation
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-9
15-1 S055A UV Scanning Polychromator/
Spectroheliometer, Configuration ...... 14-2
15-2 S055A Optical Controls and Displays Operation
Schematic . . . . . . . . .. .. ...... . 14-4
viii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
Figure
Page
16-1 S056 X-Ray Telescope, Configuration ...... 16-2
16-2 S056 Optical Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . 16-3
16-3 S056 Controls and Displays Operation . . . .
Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-7
17-1 S082A XUV Spectroheliograph Configuration . . 17-2
17-2 S082A Optical Controls and Displays
Operation Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . 17-3
18-1 S082B XUV Spectrograph Configuration . . . . 18-2
18-2 S082B Optical Controls and Displays
Operation Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4
18-3 XUV Monitor Optical Schematic . . . . . . . . 18-6
19-1 Hydrogen-Alpha One Telescope Configuration . 19-2
19-2 H-Alpha 1 Telescope Optical Controls and
Displays Operation Schematic . . . . . . . 19-3
19-3 Hydrogen-Alpha Two Telescope Configuration . 19-5
19-4 H-Alpha 2 Telescope Optical Controls and
Displays Operation Schematic . . . . . . . 19-6
20-1 Crew System Aids . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 20-2
ix
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
3-I Quantity of Skylab Mission ATM
Scientific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
3-11 ATM Experiments Observing Time . . . . . . 3-6
5-I OMSF Management Council Decisions . . . . . 5-23
5-11 ATM Project Major Hardware Milestones . . . 5-24
6-I ATM Structures Qualification Program
Summary Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
6-11 ATM Structures Component Life Cycle Tests . 6-33
7-I ATM Thermal Components Qualification Tests 7-16
7-II Qualification Test Procedure and
Documentation . .. . . . . . . . . . 7-17
7-III TCS Component Life Requirements . . . . . . 7-18
8-I ATM EPS Components List . . . . . . . . . . 8-2
8-II CBRM Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . 8-6
8-II1 ATM EPS Design Specifications and
Requirements Documentation Tree . . . . 8-14
8-IV ATM EPS Interface Voltage Requirements . . 8-17
8-V ATM EPS End Item Acceptance Test Procedures 8-20
8-VI ATM EPS Component Qualification Test
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-22
9-I ATM Solar Array Physical and Electrical
Characteristics .. . . . . . . . .... . 9-3
9-11 ATM Solar Wings Structural and Mechanical
Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . 9-5
10-I ATM I&CS Components List . . . . . . . . . 10-2
10-II ATM I&CS Design Specifications and
Requirements Documentation Tree . . . . 10-14
10-III ATM I&CS End Item Acceptance Test Procedure 10-21
10-IV ATM I&CS Component Qualification Test
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23
11-1 Pointing Accuracy and Stability Requirements
of the Attitude and Pointing Control
System. ... . . . .............. . . 11-2
11-II Table of Components and Component
Manufacturers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21
11-III ATM APCS Component Qualification Document . 11-25
x