Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective PDF
Preview Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective
Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective Reinhard Dummer • Mark R. Pittelkow Keiji Iwatsuki • Adele Green Nagwa M. Elwan (Editors) Skin Cancer - A World-Wide Perspective Editors Prof. Reinhard Dummer Prof. Adele Green Department of Dermatology Cancer and Population Studies University Hospital of Zürich The Queensland Institute of Medical Research Gloriastrasse 31 Royal Brisbane Hospital 8091 Zürich Brisbane, Queensland 4029 Switzerland Australia [email protected] [email protected] Prof. Mark R. Pittelkow Prof. Nagwa M. Elwan Department of Dermatology Department of Medicine Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tanta University Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Tanta-Egypt Mayo Medical School [email protected] Rochester, MN 55905 USA Assistant Editor [email protected] Dr. med. Marie C. Zipser University Hospital of Zürich Prof. Keiji Iwatsuki Department of Dermatology F2 Department of Dermatology Gloriastrasse 31 Okayama University 8091 Zürich Graduate School of Medicine Switzerland Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences [email protected] 2-5-1 Shikata-cho Okayama, 700-8558 Japan [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-05071-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-05072-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-05072-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro- film or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application con- tained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: eStudioCalamar, Figueres/Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Dear reader Is it still necessary to print a book? Is it an anachronism to nowadays read print at all? In the present era, the electronic equivalent of entire libraries of information is routinely distributed via the internet. This has led some to question the future relevance of print. However, it is our conviction that books still have their place in the world, and it is not merely because books preserve the information of generations with a security that electronic media cannot match. There is also great pleasure to be derived from lifting a text down from the shelf, repair- ing to a place of comfort, and wandering among pages of print thoughtfully collected and edited. This book reviews the current state of the art among various aspects of skin cancer biology, diagnosis, and treatment. We have engaged five skin cancer experts as editors from five conti- nents to collect information on the spectrum of cutaneous malignancies as it is described by the WHO classification. Furthermore, we have motivated the best researchers and clinicians to contribute their extensive knowledge base to the endeavor. This has resulted in the compilation of a unique reflection of medical and molecular knowledge about skin cancers. It is anticipated that this book will remain a basic reference for many years to come. We invite you to take the time to go through this work. In the name of all authors Reinhard Dummer, MD Mark R. Pittelkow, MD Keiji Iwatsuki, MD Adele Green, MD Nagwa M. Elwan, MD v Contents 1 Epidemiology 1.1 Epidemiology of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin ......... 3 Jolieke C. van der Pols 1.2 Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma ................................... 13 David Whiteman and Adele Green 1.3 Epidemiology of Cutaneous Lymphomas ................................. 27 Mirjana Urosevic-Maiwald 1.4 Epidemiology of Histocytoses ........................................... 33 Marie C. Zipser and Reinhard Dummer 1.5 Epidemiology of Kaposi Sarcoma........................................ 35 Nagwa M. Elwan 1.6 Epidemiology of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans........................ 39 Selma Ugurel and Lauren Lockwood 1.7 Epidemiology of Merkel Cell Carcinoma ................................. 41 Jean Kanitakis and Wen Lyn Ho 2 Pathogenesis 2.1 Pathogenesis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer............................... 45 Petra Boukamp 2.2 Pathogenesis of Malignant Melanoma.................................... 55 Keith S. Hoek 2.3 Pathogenesis of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas .......................... 65 Sean Whittaker 2.4 Pathogenesis of Histiocytoses ........................................... 73 Marie C. Zipser and Reinhard Dummer 2.5 Pathogenesis of Kaposi Sarcoma ........................................ 75 Nagwa M. Elwan 2.6 Pathogenesis of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans ........................ 79 Selma Ugurel and Lauren Lockwood 2.7 Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma .................................. 81 Jürgen C. Becker and Roland Houben vii viii Contents 3 Disease Entities 3.1 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Keratinocytic Tumors......................... 89 Michael B. Colgan, Mark A. Cappel, Mark R. Pittelkow, Kazuyasu Fujii, Dorothea Terhorst, and Eggert Stockfleth 3.1.1 Basal Cell Carcinoma.......................................... 89 Michael B. Colgan, Mark A. Cappel, and Mark R. Pittelkow 3.1.2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma...................................... 100 Mark A. Cappel, Michael B. Colgan, and Mark R. Pittelkow 3.1.3 Bowen’s Disease............................................... 109 Kazuyasu Fujii 3.1.4 Actinic keratosis .............................................. 112 Dorothea Terhorst and Eggert Stockfleth 3.2 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Appendageal Tumours ...................... 121 Jivko A. Kamarashev and Steven Kaddu 3.2.1 Tumours with Apocrine and Eccrine Differentiation ................ 121 Jivko A. Kamarashev 3.2.2 Tumours with Follicular Differentiation........................... 141 Steven Kaddu 3.2.3 Tumours with Sebaceous Differentiation .......................... 153 Steven Kaddu 3.3 Melanocytic Tumors ................................................. 169 Jivko A. Kamarashev, Leo Schärer, Marie C. Zipser, Lauren L. Lockwood, Reinhard Dummer, and Sven Krengel 3.3.1 Disease Entities: Malignant Melanoma............................ 169 Jivko A. Kamarashev, Leo Schärer, Marie C. Zipser, Lauren L. Lockwood, and Reinhard Dummer 3.3.2 Benign Melanocytic Tumors..................................... 186 Sven Krengel 3.4 Cutaneous Lymphoma, Leukemia and Related Disorders .................. 197 Günter Burg, Werner Kempf, Reinhard Dummer, and Mirjana Urosevic-Maiwald 3.4.1 Mature T-Cell and NK-Cell Neoplasms ........................... 197 Günter Burg, Werner Kempf, and Reinhard Dummer 3.4.2 Mature Cutaneous B-Cell Neoplasms (CBCL)...................... 214 Günter Burg, Werner Kempf, and Reinhard Dummer 3.4.3 Immature Hematopoietic Malignancies ........................... 222 Mirjana Urosevic-Maiwald 3.5 Histiocytoses........................................................ 233 Keiji Iwatsuki 3.6 Mastocytosis, Vascular, Muscular and Fibrohistiocytic Tumors.............. 241 Naohito Hatta, Nagwa M. Elwan, L. Weibel, Luis Requena, Davide Donghi, Jürg Hafner, Beata Bode-Lesniewska, and Kenji Asagoe 3.6.1 Mastocytosis.................................................. 241 Naohito Hatta Contents ix 3.6.2 Disease Entities of Kaposi Sarcoma .............................. 243 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.3 Hemangiomas of Infancy ....................................... 245 Nagwa M. Elwan and L. Weibel 3.6.4 Disease Entities of Cherry Hemangioma .......................... 247 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.5 Disease Entities of Sinusoidal Hemangioma ....................... 248 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.6 Disease Entities of Glomeruloid Hemangioma...................... 248 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.7 Hobnail Hemangioma (Targetoid Hemosiderotic Hemangioma)....... 249 Luis Requena 3.6.8 Microvenular Hemangioma..................................... 250 Luis Requena 3.6.9 Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Luis Requena 3.6.10 Spindle-Cell Hemangioma ...................................... 253 Luis Requena 3.6.11 Tufted Angioma............................................... 255 Luis Requena 3.6.12 Disease Entities of Arteriovenous Hemangioma .................... 256 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.13 Disease Entities of Cutaneous Angiosarcoma....................... 256 Davide Donghi 3.6.14 Lymphatic Tumors ............................................ 258 Jürg Hafner 3.6.15 Smooth and Skeletal Muscle Tumors ............................. 259 Nagwa M. Elwan 3.6.16 Smooth and Skeletal Muscle Tumors ............................. 260 Beata Bode-Lesniewska 3.6.17 Fibrous, Fibrohistiocytic, and Histiocytic Tumors................... 261 Kenji Asagoe and Beata Bode-Lesniewska 3.7 Neural Tumors ...................................................... 279 Jürgen C. Becker and Herman Kneitz 4 Therapy 4.1 Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer........................................... 289 Severin Läuchli, Jürg Hafner, Günther F.L. Hofbauer, Antonio Cozzio, and Mirjana Urosevic-Maiwald 4.1.1 Surgery...................................................... 289 Severin Läuchli and Jürg Hafner 4.1.2 Phototherapy, Laser and Radiation: Phototherapie ................. 292 Günther F.L. Hofbauer
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