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SOA Using
Java Web Services
™
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SOA Using
Java Web Services
™
Mark D. Hansen
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hansen, Mark D.
SOA Using Java Web Services / Mark D. Hansen.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-13-044968-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Web services.
2. Java (Comput0er program language) 3. Computer network architectures. I.
Title.
TK5105.88813.H35 2007
006.7’6—dc22
2007009650
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission
must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding
permissions, write to:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Rights and Contracts Department
One Lake Street
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458
Fax: [phone]
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-044968-9
ISBN-10: 0-13-044968-7
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at RR Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
First printing, April 2007
To my wife, Lorraine, and our children, Elizabeth, Eric, and Emily.
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
About This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii
About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Chapter 1 Service-Oriented Architecture with Java
Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Am I Stupid, or Is Java Web Services Really Hard? . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.1 Don’t Drink That Kool-Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1.2 JWS Is a Toolset, Not an Application Framework . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.1.3 Epiphany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 Web Services Platform Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.1 Invocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.2 Serialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.2.3 Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 Java Web Services Standards: Chapters 2 through 8. . . . . . . . 18
1.4 The SOAShopper Case Study: Chapters 9 and 10 . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.5 SOA-J and WSDL-Centric Development: Chapter 11 . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 2 An Overview of Java Web Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.1 The Role of JWS in SOA Application Development . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1.1 A Hypothetical SOA Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.1.2 JWS Enables SOA Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.2 A Quick Overview of the Ease-of-Use Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.1 Source Code Annotations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.2 Standard WSDL/Java Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.3 Standard Serialization Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2.4 Development Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.2.5 JWS Trade-Offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
vii
viii Contents
2.3 JAX-WS 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.3.1 Java/WSDL Mapping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3.2 Static WSDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.3 Dynamic and Static Clients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.4 Invocation with Java Interface Proxies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3.5 Invocation with XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3.6 XML Service Providers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3.7 Handler Framework. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3.8 Message Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3.9 SOAP Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.3.10 HTTP Binding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3.11 Converting Exceptions to SOAP Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.3.12 Asynchronous Invocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.3.13 One-Way Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.3.14 Client-Side Thread Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.3.15 WSDL Styles—Support for RPC/Literal and
Document/Literal Wrapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.3.16 XML Catalogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2.3.17 Pseudoreference Passing (Holder<T> for Out
and In/Out Parameters). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.3.18 Run-time Endpoint Publishing (Java SE Only) . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.4 JAXB 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
2.4.1 Binding XML Schema to Java Representations . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.4.2 Mapping Java Types to XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.4.3 Mapping Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2.4.4 Binding Language. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.4.5 Binding Run-time Framework (Marshal/Unmarshal) . . . . . . . 65
2.4.6 Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.4.7 Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.4.8 Marshal Event Callbacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.9 Partial Binding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.4.10 Binary Data Encoding (MTOM or WS-I). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.5 WS-Metadata 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
2.5.1 WSDL Mapping Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
2.5.2 SOAP Binding Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
2.5.3 Handler Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.5.4 Service Implementation Bean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.5.5 Start from WSDL and Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
2.5.6 Automatic Deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2.6 WSEE 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2.6.1 Port Component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.6.2 Servlet Endpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
2.6.3 EJB Endpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.6.4 Simplified Packaging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.6.5 Handler Programming Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Contents ix
2.7 Impact of Other Java EE 5 Annotation Capabilities . . . . . . . . . 82
2.7.1 Dependency Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.7.2 Interceptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2.7.3 POJO Support in EJB 3.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
2.8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2.8.1 Configuring Your Environment to Build and Run the
Software Examples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Chapter 3 Basic SOA Using REST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.1 Why REST?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
3.1.1 What Is REST?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
3.1.2 Topics Covered in This Chapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
3.2 XML Documents and Schema for EIS Records . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
3.2.1 No WSDL Doesn’t Necessarily Mean No Interfaces . . . . . . . 96
3.3 REST Clients with and without JWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
3.3.1 Getting EIS Records from a REST Service
without Using JWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
3.3.2 Getting EIS Records from a REST Service with JWS . . . . . . 101
3.3.3 Sending EIS Records to a REST Service
without Using JWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
3.3.4 Sending EIS Records to a REST Service with JWS . . . . . . . 110
3.4 SOA-Style Integration Using XSLT and JAXP for Data
Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3.4.1 How and Why to Use XSLT for Data Transformation . . . . . . 115
3.4.2 XSLT Processing Using JAXP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3.5 RESTful Services with and without JWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
3.5.1 Deploying a REST Service without Using JWS . . . . . . . . . . 126
3.5.2 Deploying a RESTful Service with JWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
3.6 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Chapter 4 The Role of WSDL, SOAP, and Java/XML
Mapping in SOA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
4.1 The Role of WSDL in SOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
4.1.1 A WSDL Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
4.2 The Role of SOAP in SOA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
4.3 Dispatching: How JAX-WS 2.0 Maps WSDL/SOAP to
Java Invocation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.3.1 Determining the WSDL Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
4.3.2 The Role of the WS-I Basic Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
4.3.3 RPC/Literal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
4.3.4 Document/Literal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
4.3.5 Document/Literal Wrapped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159