Table Of Content

Gramatika dhe Fjalor DotLingoAlbanianNotes by Blair Fraser http://dotlingo.blogspot.com This document is licenced by a Creative Commons licence Youarefree: (cid:0) tocopy,distribute,display,andperformthework (cid:0) tomakederivativeworks Underthefollowingconditions: (cid:0) Attribution.Youmustgivetheoriginalauthorcredit. (cid:0) Noncommercial.Youmaynotusethisworkforcommercialpurposes. (cid:0) Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build uponthis work, you may distribute the resultingwork onlyunderalicenseidenticaltothisone. (cid:0) Foranyreuseordistribution,youmustmakecleartoothersthelicensetermsofthiswork. (cid:0) Anyoftheseconditionscanbewaivedifyougetpermissionfromthecopyrightholder. Yourfairuseandotherrightsareinnowayaffectedbytheabove. Fulllicenceavailableat: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/legalcode Contents Me¤simiipe¤rgatitor 1 TheAlbanianAlphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Greetings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 DaysoftheWeek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 TheNumbersZerotoTen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 SubjectPronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Me¤simiipare¤ 4 Introductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 De(cid:2)niteandInde(cid:2)nitenouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 TheNumbers11-29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 ThePresentIndicativeoftheVerbJam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Negation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 TellingTime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Me¤simiidyte¤ 8 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 PresentIndicativeoftheRegular-jVerbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 PresentIndicativeoftheVerbKam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 MoreNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Me¤simiitrete¤ 11 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 De(cid:2)niteformofMasculineSingularNouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 De(cid:2)niteformofFeminineSingularNouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 FormsofRegularPluralNouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Me¤simiikate¤rt 14 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 iii iv CONTENTS OrdinalNumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 PossessivePronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 AskingQuestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 FormingtheContinuousPresentwithPo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Me¤simiipeste¤ 17 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 TheAdjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 DemonstrativePronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 ToHaveToandToWantTo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 TheMonthsoftheYear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Me¤simiigjashte¤ 21 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 PresentConjugationsofFiveCommonVerbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 PresentIndicativeofVerbsoftheSecondKind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 ToBeGoingTo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ThePossessive(Genitive)CaseoftheNoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Me¤simiishtate¤ 26 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 TheFormsoftheNoun,PartII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 ComparisonsofInequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 ComparisonsofEquality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 TheSuperlative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Appendix:SupplementalVocabulary 30 Me¤simi i pe¤rgatitor 0.1 The Albanian Alphabet Albanianisaphoneticlanguage,whichmakesitmucheasiertolearnfrombooks. Thelettersdon’tchange soundsdependingonthelettersthatsurroundthem,ashappensinEnglish.Theonlyexceptiontothisruleis thee¤,whichisusuallynotpronounced,orbarelypronounced,ifitappearsattheendofaword. a liketheainfather b likethebinbubbles c likethetsincats c‚ likethechinchime d likethedindonut dh likethehardthinthe e likethe(cid:2)rsteinletter e¤ liketheuinchug,(usuallysilentattheendofaword) f likethefinfreak g likethegingoats gj liketheginbadge h liketheHinHeinikan i liketheeeinfeet j liketheyinyes k likethecincart l likethelinlogical ll sameasl m liketheminmaybe n liketheninnooner nj likethenyincanyon o liketheoinorbit p likethepinperfect q likethechinchase r liketherinrug,butshorter rr trilledlikeaScotsman s likethesinsuper sh liketheshinshake t likethetintent th likethesoftthinthin u liketheooinmoon v likethevinvan z likethezinzebra zh likethesinmeasure y approximatlyliketheuinukulele x likethedsinfeds! xh likethejinjar 0.2 Greetings Mire¤me¤ngjes. Goodmorning. Mire¤dita. Goodafternoon. 1 2 Me¤simiipe¤rgatitor Mire¤mbrema. Goodevening. Nate¤nemire¤. Goodnight. Dite¤nemire¤. Haveaniceday. zoti Mr. zonja Mrs. zonjusha Miss Sijeni? Howareyou? Pojusijeni? Andhowareyou? Shume¤mire¤. Verywell. Mire¤ Good. Keq Bad. C‚ka. So-so. Mirupafshim. Goodbye. Tungjatjeta. Seeyouagain. Me¤falni. Excuseme. julutem please faleminderit thankyou s’kagje¤,julutem you’rewelcome po yes jo no 0.3 Days of the Week ThedaysoftheweekarenotcapatilizedinAlbanian,andarealwayspreceededbye. ehe¤ne¤ Monday emarte¤ Tuesday eme¤rkere¤ Wednesday eenjte Thursday epremte Friday eshtune¤ Saturday ediel Sunday 0.4 Colours Albanianadjectivesdifferbasedonthegenderofthenoun. Thiswillbecoveredlater. Herethemasculineformislisted (cid:2)rst. ikuq,ekuqe red iportokall,eportokalle orange (i,e)verdhe¤ yellow (i,e)gjelbe¤r green (i,e)blu blue (i,e)vjollce¤ purple boje¤kaf,boje¤kafe brown izi,ezeze¤ black (i,e)bardhe¤ white (i,e)gri grey 0.5 The Numbers Zero to Ten zero zero 3 nje¤ one dy two tre three kate¤r four pese¤ (cid:2)ve gjashte¤ six shtate¤ seven tete¤ eight ne¤nte¤ nine dhjete¤ ten 0.6 Subject Pronouns Thepersonalpronountiisthefamiliarformofthesecondpersonsingular. Itisusedforaddressingfamily,friendsor children.Whenaddressingstrangers,orpeopleinauthority,usethesecondpersonpluralju. une¤ I ti you ai he,it ajo she,it ne we ju you(pl.) ata they(masc.) ato they(fem.) Me¤simi i pare¤ 1.1 Introductions James: Mire¤me¤ngjesprofesorCooper.Me¤quajne¤James. ZotiCooper:Mire¤me¤ngjesJames.Sijeni? James:Shume¤mire¤,poju? ZotiCooper:Mire¤falemnderit. James:Siquhet(cid:148)car(cid:148)ne¤shqip? ZotiCooper:(cid:148)Car(cid:148)quhetMakine¤. James:Falemnderit.Mirupafshimprofesor. ZotiCooper:MirupafshimJames. 1.2 Vocabulary SometimeaccentsareusedinAlbaniandictionariestoindicatethestressedsyllable.Theseaccentsareonlypronunciation hintsandshouldnotbeusedinwrittenAlbanian. sot today dit/e¤,-a,-e¤,-e¤t(fem.) day me¤ngjes,-i,-e,-et(fem.) morning unversitet,-i,-e,-et(masc.) university shkoll/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) school klas/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) class student,-i,-e¤,-e¤t student(masc.) student/e,-ja,-e,-et student(fem.) de¤rras/e¤ezeze¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) chalkboard fshire¤s/e,-ja,-a,-at(fem.) chalkbrush shkume¤s,-i,-,-et(masc.) chalk der/e¤,-a,dyer,dyert(fem.) door drita·r/e,-ja,-e,-et(fem.) window mur,-i,-e,-et(masc.) wall or/e¤,-a,-e¤,-e¤t(fem.) clock tavolin/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) desk,table karrig/e,-a,-a,-at(fem.) chair kompjuter,-i,-e,-et(masc.) computer let/e¤r,-ra,-ra,-rat(fem.) paper,letter laps,-i,-a,-at(masc.) pencil stilolaps,-i,-a,-at(masc.) pen gom/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) eraser (cid:3)eto·r/e,-ja,-e,-et(fem.) notebook lib/e¤r,-ri,-ra,-rat(masc.) book provim,-i,-e,-et(masc.) exam tekst,-i,-e,-et(masc.) textbook bibliotek/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) library raft,-i,-e,-et shelf raftlibrash bookcase vulle¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) stamp adres/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) address 4 5 kart/e¤,-a,-a,-at(fem.) card num/e¤r,-ri,-ra,-rat(masc.) number shte¤p·(cid:17),-a,-,-te¤(fem.) house,home ne¤ in ne¤Anglisht inEnglish edhe,dhe and shume¤ many,very apo or (i,e)afe¤rt close (i,e)larg far (i,e)lehte¤ easy (i,e)ve¤shtire¤ dif(cid:2)cult A(cid:3)isnijushqip? DoyouspeakAlbanian? Sithuhet(ky,kjo)ne¤... Howdoyousaythisin... Nukkuptoj.Nukmarrvesh. Idon’tunderstand. 1.3 De(cid:2)nite and Inde(cid:2)nite nouns InAlbanian,theinde(cid:2)nitearticlesaandsomearetranslatedasnje¤anddisarespectively. However,thereisnode(cid:2)nite article.Tocreatethede(cid:2)niteformofanoun,theendingofthenounismodi(cid:2)ed. Inthevocabulary,nounsarelistedinthede(cid:2)niteandinde(cid:2)niteformsofboththesingularandplural. Thestemofthe nounistheworduptotheslashcharacterortotheendofthewordifthereisnoslash. Allnounsarelistedwiththeir endingsintheorder:inde(cid:2)nitesingular,de(cid:2)nitesingular,inde(cid:2)niteplural,andde(cid:2)niteplural.Forexample turist/e,-ja,-e,-etliststhefourformsoffemaletourist: nje¤turiste=afemaletourist, turistja=thefemaletourist, disaturiste=somefemaletourists, turistet=thefemaleturists. For each noun where the gender is not obvious, the gender is listed with the noun as well. The gender will become importantwhenwelearnaboutadjectives. Therearerulesforderivingtheseformsofthenounwhichwillbecovered inlaterlessons. However,therulesarecomplicatedandhavemanyexceptions. Oftenitissimplertomemorizethefour formsasyoumemorizeeachnoun. turist,-i,-e¤,-e¤t tourist(masc.) turist/e,-ja,-e,-et tourist(fem.) student,-i,-e¤,-e¤t student(masc.) student/e,-ja,-e,-et student(fem.) shqiptar,-i,-e¤,-e¤t Albanian(masc.) shqiptar/e,-ja,-e,-et Albanian(fem.) kanadez,-i,-e¤,-e¤t Canadian(masc.) kanadez/e,-ja,-e,-et Canadian(fem.) anglez,-i,-e¤,-e¤t English(masc.) anglez/e,-ja,-e,-et English(fem.) amerikan,-i,-e¤,-e¤t American(masc.) american/e,-ja-e,-et American(fem.) italian,-i,-e¤,-e¤t Italian(masc.) italian/e,-ja,-e,-et Italian(fem.) francez,-i,-e¤,-e¤t French(masc.) francez/e,-ja,-e,-et French(fem.) rus,-i,-e¤,-e¤t Russian(masc.) rus/e,-ja,-e,-et Russian(fem.) europian,-i,-e¤,-e¤t European(masc.) europian/e,-ja,-e,-et European(fem.) 6 Me¤simiipare¤ 1.4 The Numbers 11-29 nje¤mbe¤dhjete¤ eleven dymbe¤dhjete¤ twelve trembe¤dhjete¤ thirteen kate¤rmbe¤dhjete¤ fourteen pese¤mbe¤dhjete¤ (cid:2)fteen gjashte¤mbe¤dhjete¤ sixteen shtate¤mbe¤dhjete¤ seventeen tete¤mbe¤dhjete¤ eighteen ne¤nte¤mbe¤dhjete¤ nineteen nje¤zet twenty nje¤zetenje¤ twenty-one nje¤zetedy twenty-two nje¤zetetre twenty-three nje¤zetekate¤r twenty-four nje¤zetepese¤ twenty-(cid:2)ve nje¤zetegjashte¤ twenty-six nje¤zeteshtate¤ twenty-seven nje¤zetetete¤ twenty-eight nje¤zetene¤nte¤ twenty-nine 1.5 The Present Indicative of the Verb Jam Theverbjamisanirregularverb.It’sconjugationsshouldbememorized.Thepersonalpronounsarebeusedinfrontof theverb,however,whenthesubjectoftheverbisclear,theyareoftendropped. une¤jam Iam tije youare ai/ajoe¤shte¤ he/sheis nejemi weare jujeni youare(pl.) ata/atojane¤ theyare(masc./fem) Aie¤shte¤turist. Heisa(masc.)turist. Atajane¤turiste¤. Theyare(masc.)turists. Jamkanadez. IamCanadian. 1.6 Negation TonegateasentanceinAlbanian,addanukors’beforetheverb.Forexample:Une¤nukjamamerikan. Ajonukkamlibri. Shedoesnothavethebook. Ajos’kamlibri. Shedosn’thavethebook. Nukjamkanadez. IamnotCanadian. 1.7 Telling Time Sae¤shte¤ora? Whattimeisit? Orae¤shte¤nje¤. It’sone. Orae¤shte¤nje¤egjysme¤. It’sonethirty. Orae¤shte¤dyenje¤zetepese¤. It’stwotwenty-(cid:2)ve. Orae¤shte¤nje¤mbe¤dhjete¤edyzet. It’selevenforty.