B u s i n e s s C u l i n a r y A r c h i t e c t u r e C o m p u t e r G e n e r a l I n t e r e s t C h i l d r e n L i f e S c i e n c e s B i o g r a p h y A c c o u n t i n g F i n a n c e M a t h e m a t i c s H i s t o r y S e l f - I m p r o v e m e n t H e a l t h E n g i n e e r i n g G r a p h i c D e s i g n A p p l i e d S c i e n c e s P s y c h o l o g y I n t e r i o r D e s i g n B i o l o g y C h e m i s t r y e WILEY B O O K WILEY JOSSEY-BASS PFEIFFER J.K.LASSER CAPSTONE WILEY-LISS WILEY-VCH WILEY-INTERSCIENCE Sister Days Sister Days 365 Inspired Moments in African American Women’s History Janus Adams John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York•Chichester•Weinheim•Brisbane•Singapore•Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. ∞ Copyright © 2000 by Janus Adams. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 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If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. ISBN 0-471-28361-4 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For my grandmothers and great-grandmothers beyond For my daughters and theirs yet unborn Acknowledgments In the researching and writing of Freedom Days, I came upon a quote by Septima Clark, known in Civil Rights movement lore as “Mother Conscience.” A proverbial lightbulb suddenly flared inside my head as I read her words condemning movement lead- ers for minimizing the role of women. Bearing witness, said she: “The work the women did during the time of civil rights is what really carried the movement along. [It] would never have taken off if some women hadn’t started to speak up.” What was true then had forever been true; as half the world, women had been no less than half the struggle, no less than half the story, and some- times a lot more. And, as I read her words, as the lightbulb shone, I knew what book I’d have to write as soon as I could—a celebra- tion of how we, as women of African descent with ancient roots of culture and courage, have fared the flames of racism, colonialism, slavery, and segregation—and yet borne a collective self complete, gentle, and strong. I called my lawyer and friend, Joan G. Zooper, and tried the idea on for size. After Glory Days and Freedom Days, what will you call it, she said—Sister Days? We giggled with a tickle, and then found ourselves silent. Sister Days, she came back, that’s the title, yes, that’s what it should be. And, so it is—inspired by a mother, reasoned by a sister-friend, forged by family and friends as encouraging as they have been courageous in their time—my mother, Muriel Tuitt; my daughters, Ayo and Dara Roach; and “sisters” Cheryl Hill, Sharon Robinson, and Sonia Sanchez. Thanks are due to a network of librarians and archivists in Wilton, Westport, Stamford, and Greenwich, Connecticut; at the Beinecke Archives at Yale University; at the Schomburg Collec- tion of the New York Public Library; and at the Indiana and Philadelphia Historical Societies. A thank-you, too, to A’Lelia Bundles for sharing research on her great-great-grandmother, Madam C. J. Walker. Thanks to the team at John Wiley: Carole Hall, who brought me to shore, my editor, Hana Lane, and production manager, Diane Aronson. To the Brothers who love the Sisters, thank you, too. And to the Sisters who love life, thank you for the wind at my back. Introduction In the beginning, the story is told, this is how things came to be— the who was who and what was what—between Man and Woman. What the gods had given Man, the gods had given Woman. What he could do, she could do. What he had in knowledge and strength, she had too. Everything was even, for that was God’s plan. Then one day the two got into a terrible row. Maybe it was that snake in the grass thing again, when the gods called Man to account and he blamed Woman for tempting him with her apple pie. Maybe it was something like that. Whatever it was, it went on so long that Man finally walked out, slammed the garden gate, and headed up to Heaven to have a talk with God. There’s got to be a way to put an end to all this commotion, Man said to himself. And all the while he’s walking, he’s talking to himself, he’s remembering the good times when he, Man, was in charge of everything and Woman was just a rib. By the time he got to Heaven he knew what he wanted. Man walked right up to the gods’ counsel and stated his case. He said, God, I’ve got a woman down ther-r-r-re, uh, uh, uh. He said, God grant me strength to deal with that woman. And God did. God gave Man more strength. He knew what was going on. He had given equally to both, but there was something about that Woman that made all that Creating and sun-rising and moon-making a whole lotta fun. But, business was business. With his extra strength, Man could also better tend the fields and the flock. So it was done. And Man was ecstatic. He raced home to tell Woman that he was boss now; with his strength he was king! Well, as you can imagine, Woman was having none of that. Night and day, she said, day and night I work my fingers to the bone and he’s the one gets the strength? No, no, no, no, no. Time for a talk. God wouldn’t do a thing like that. And, wasn’t her God a woman? Out the garden gate she sped and up to Heaven she went. Just like that. Before she knew it, she was there, for once Woman made up her mind to do a thing, the thing got done. She had heard that just before she got to Heaven, she could freshen up a bit at the Pearly Gates, so she would stop off to do that—shake the dust off her feet, you know, out of respect. There at the Gates she spied a set of golden keys, exquisite in construct, stunning in simplicity, ageless in design. But this was no time to admire the
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