Sistemas expertos PDF
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E T S I SCUELA ÉCNICA UPERIOR DE NGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos Ángel Sarabia ¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (1) EEEEssss llllaaaa rrrraaaammmmaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa CCCCiiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaa qqqquuuueeee,,,, ggggrrrraaaacccciiiiaaaassss aaaallll ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooolllllllloooo ddddeeee lllloooossss ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss,,,, pppprrrreeeetttteeeennnnddddeeee eeeemmmmuuuullllaaaarrrr eeeellll ccccoooommmmpppplllleeeejjjjoooo yyyy ppppooooccccoooo ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiiddddoooo pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo ddddeeee rrrraaaazzzzoooonnnnaaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee lllloooossss sssseeeerrrreeeessss hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooossss,,,, aaaassssíííí ccccoooommmmoooo ssssuuuu mmmmaaaannnniiiiffffeeeessssttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn yyyy ttttrrrraaaannnnssssmmmmiiiissssiiiióóóónnnn.... ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -1 ¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (2) EEEEssss llllaaaa ccccaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaadddd ddddeeee uuuunnnn sssseeeerrrr vvvviiiivvvvoooo oooo ddddeeee uuuunnnnaaaa mmmmááááqqqquuuuiiiinnnnaaaa ddddeeee ---- oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaarrrr iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss,,,, eeeexxxxtttteeeennnnssssaaaassss oooobbbbsssseeeerrrrvvvvaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss yyyy eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss,,,, ---- ddddeeeessssccccuuuubbbbrrrriiiirrrr iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrrrrreeeellllaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss,,,, yyyy ---- ddddeeee eeeessssttttaaaa ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaa aaaabbbbssssttttrrrraaaaeeeerrrr ccccoooossssaaaassss yyyy lllliiiiggggaaaarrrrllllaaaassss eeeennnnttttrrrreeee ssssíííí.... AAAAlllleeeexxxxaaaannnnddddeeeerrrr SSSSppppoooorrrrllll,,,, ““““SSSSppppoooorrrrllll----CCCCoooommmmppppuuuutttteeeerrrrbbbbuuuucccchhhh””””,,,, 1111999977771111 ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -2 ¿Qué es la Inteligencia Artificial? (3) SSSSuuuu hhhheeeerrrrrrrraaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttaaaa ddddeeee ttttrrrraaaabbbbaaaajjjjoooo eeeessss eeeellll ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaaddddoooorrrr.... TTTTooooddddaaaa ccccoooommmmppppuuuuttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn rrrreeeeqqqquuuuiiiieeeerrrreeee ddddeeee uuuunnnnaaaa rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee eeeennnnttttiiiiddddaaaaddddeeeessss yyyy ddddeeee uuuunnnn pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo ppppaaaarrrraaaa mmmmaaaannnniiiippppuuuullllaaaarrrrllllaaaa.... SSSSuuuussss oooobbbbjjjjeeeettttiiiivvvvoooossss ssssoooonnnn:::: aaaa)))) CCCCoooommmmoooo ppppaaaarrrrtttteeee ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIInnnnggggeeeennnniiiieeeerrrrííííaaaa IIIInnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccaaaa,,,, rrrreeeessssoooollllvvvveeeerrrr pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss rrrreeeeaaaalllleeeessss,,,, aaaaccccttttuuuuaaaannnnddddoooo ccccoooommmmoooo uuuunnnn ccccoooonnnnjjjjuuuunnnnttttoooo ddddeeee iiiiddddeeeeaaaassss aaaacccceeeerrrrccccaaaa ddddeeee ccccóóóómmmmoooo rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaarrrr yyyy uuuuttttiiiilllliiiizzzzaaaarrrr eeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaannnnddddoooo ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccoooossss.... bbbb)))) CCCCoooommmmoooo ppppaaaarrrrtttteeee ddddeeee llllaaaa CCCCiiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaa,,,, bbbbuuuussssccccaaaarrrr llllaaaa eeeexxxxpppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ddddiiiivvvveeeerrrrssssaaaassss ccccllllaaaasssseeeessss ddddeeee iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa aaaa ttttrrrraaaavvvvééééssss ddddeeee llllaaaa rrrreeeepppprrrreeeesssseeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo yyyy ddddeeee llllaaaa aaaapppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn qqqquuuueeee sssseeee ddddaaaa aaaa éééésssstttteeee eeeennnn lllloooossss ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmááááttttiiiiccccoooossss ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaaddddoooossss.... ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -3 CCCCaaaammmmppppoooossss ddddeeee aaaapppplllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee llllaaaa IIII....AAAA.... IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll 1111999955550000 RRRReeeeddddeeeessss RRRRoooobbbbóóóóttttiiiiccccaaaa SSSSiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooossss nnnneeeeuuuurrrroooonnnnaaaalllleeeessss DDDDeeeemmmmoooossssttttrrrraaaacccciiiióóóónnnn aaaauuuuttttoooommmmááááttttiiiiccccaaaa ddddeeee LLLLeeeennnngggguuuuaaaajjjjeeee nnnnaaaattttuuuurrrraaaallll tttteeeeoooorrrreeeemmmmaaaassss VVVViiiissssiiiióóóónnnn aaaarrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -4 PARTE I Los sistemas expertos: - qué son - cuando y para qué se utilizan - estructura de los sistemas expertos - ventajas e inconvenientes ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -5 Una persona se dice que es experto en un problema cuando tiene conocimiento profundo y especializado sobre dicho problema. A este tipo de conocimiento se le llama conocimiento sobre el dominio, y la palabra dominio se usa para enfatizar que ese conocimiento pertenece a un problema específico y concreto. ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -6 ¿Qué son los Sistemas Expertos? SSSSoooonnnn uuuunnnnaaaa eeeexxxxpppprrrreeeessssiiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee lllloooossss ssssiiiisssstttteeeemmmmaaaassss bbbbaaaassssaaaaddddoooossss eeeennnn eeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo qqqquuuueeee ccccoooonnnnssssttttiiiittttuuuuyyyyeeeennnn eeeellll ccccaaaammmmppppoooo ddddeeee eeeessssttttuuuuddddiiiioooo ddddeeee llllaaaa llllllllaaaammmmaaaaddddaaaa IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll.... EEEEssss uuuunnnn ttttiiiippppoooo ddddeeee ssssooooffffttttwwwwaaaarrrreeee qqqquuuueeee aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaa ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ““““iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnntttteeeessss”””” aaaa pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss,,,, eeeemmmmuuuullllaaaannnnddddoooo eeeellll pppprrrroooocccceeeessssoooo llllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooo qqqquuuueeee uuuunnnn eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooo hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooo uuuuttttiiiilllliiiizzzzaaaa eeeennnn llllaaaa rrrreeeessssoooolllluuuucccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss.... UUUUnnnn pppprrrroooocccceeeeddddiiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss bbbbaaaassssaaaaddddoooo eeeennnn eeeellll ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ccccoooommmmpppprrrreeeennnnddddeeee llllaaaassss ssssiiiigggguuuuiiiieeeennnntttteeeessss ccccaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaaddddeeeessss:::: ---- UUUUssssoooo ddddeeee nnnnoooorrrrmmmmaaaassss oooo eeeessssttttrrrruuuuccccttttuuuurrrraaaassss qqqquuuueeee ccccoooonnnntttteeeennnnggggaaaannnn ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss yyyy eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrriiiieeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss ddddeeee eeeexxxxppppeeeerrrrttttoooossss eeeessssppppeeeecccciiiiaaaalllliiiizzzzaaaaddddoooossss.... ---- DDDDeeeedddduuuucccccccciiiióóóónnnn llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaa ddddeeee ccccoooonnnncccclllluuuussssiiiioooonnnneeeessss.... ---- CCCCaaaappppaaaacccciiiiddddaaaadddd ppppaaaarrrraaaa iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrpppprrrreeeettttaaaarrrr ddddaaaattttoooossss iiiimmmmpppprrrreeeecccciiiissssoooossss yyyy////oooo aaaammmmbbbbiiiigggguuuuoooossss.... ---- MMMMaaaannnniiiippppuuuullllaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ccccoooonnnnoooocccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss aaaaffffeeeeccccttttaaaaddddoooossss ppppoooorrrr vvvvaaaalllloooorrrreeeessss ddddeeee pppprrrroooobbbbaaaabbbbiiiilllliiiiddddaaaadddd yyyy////oooo ppppoooossssiiiibbbbiiiilllliiiiddddaaaadddd.... LLLLaaaa ffffuuuunnnncccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee uuuunnnn SSSSEEEE eeeessss llllaaaa ddddeeee aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaarrrr ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss aaaa lllloooossss pppprrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmmaaaassss ccccoooommmmoooo ssssiiii ffffuuuueeeerrrraaaa uuuunnnn sssseeeerrrr hhhhuuuummmmaaaannnnoooo,,,, eeeessss ddddeeeecccciiiirrrr,,,, ccccaaaappppaaaazzzz ddddeeee mmmmoooossssttttrrrraaaarrrr ssssoooolllluuuucccciiiioooonnnneeeessss iiiinnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnntttteeeessss.... ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -7 HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS EXPERTOS (1) P. Harmon y D. King, Expert Systems, New York, 1985 LLLLoooossss pppprrrriiiimmmmeeeerrrroooossss bbbbaaaallllbbbbuuuucccceeeeoooossss ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIInnnntttteeeelllliiiiggggeeeennnncccciiiiaaaa AAAArrrrttttiiiiffffiiiicccciiiiaaaallll ((((AAAAIIII)))) ssssuuuurrrrggggeeeennnn aaaannnntttteeeessss ddddeeee llllaaaa IIIIIIII GGGGuuuueeeerrrrrrrraaaa MMMMuuuunnnnddddiiiiaaaallll ccccoooonnnn llllaaaa ffffoooorrrrmmmmuuuullllaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee ddddiiiiffffeeeerrrreeeennnntttteeeessss llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaassss ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaalllleeeessss,,,, aaaallllgggguuuunnnnaaaassss mmmmuuuullllttttiiiivvvvaaaalllloooorrrraaaaddddaaaassss,,,, yyyy llllaaaassss aaaappppoooorrrrttttaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ddddeeee llllaaaa PPPPssssiiiiccccoooollllooooggggííííaaaa ccccooooggggnnnnoooosssscccciiiittttiiiivvvvaaaa.... LLLLoooossss aaaaccccoooonnnntttteeeecccciiiimmmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooossss pppprrrreeeeccccuuuurrrrssssoooorrrreeeessss ddddiiiirrrreeeeccccttttoooossss ddddeeee llllaaaa AAAAIIII aaaappppaaaarrrreeeecccceeeennnn eeeennnnttttrrrreeee lllloooossss aaaaññññoooossss 1111999944445555 yyyy 1111999955554444:::: ---- AAAAvvvvaaaannnncccceeeessss tttteeeeccccnnnnoooollllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooossss :::: aaaappppaaaarrrriiiicccciiiióóóónnnn ddddeeee oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaaddddoooossss ---- PPPPuuuubbbblllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss ffffuuuunnnnddddaaaammmmeeeennnnttttaaaalllleeeessss yyyy eeeessssttttuuuuddddiiiioooossss tttteeeeóóóórrrriiiiccccoooossss:::: SSSSiiiimmmmoooonnnn yyyy NNNNeeeewwwweeeellllllll ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooollllllllaaaannnn uuuunnnnaaaa tttteeeeoooorrrrííííaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa llllóóóóggggiiiiccccaaaa ““““aaaadddd hhhhoooocccc”””” HHHH.... SSSSiiiimmmmoooonnnn,,,, ““““AAAAddddmmmmiiiinnnniiiissssttttrrrraaaattttiiiivvvveeee BBBBeeeehhhhaaaavvvviiiioooorrrr”””” NNNN.... WWWWiiiieeeennnneeeerrrr,,,, ““““CCCCyyyybbbbeeeerrrrnnnneeeettttiiiiccccssss”””” ((((llllaaaa tttteeeeoooorrrrííííaaaa ddddeeee llllaaaa rrrreeeeaaaalllliiiimmmmeeeennnnttttaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn)))) AAAA.... TTTTuuuurrrriiiinnnngggg,,,, ““““CCCCoooommmmppppuuuuttttiiiinnnngggg MMMMaaaacccchhhhiiiinnnneeeerrrryyyy aaaannnndddd IIIInnnntttteeeelllllllliiiiggggeeeennnncccceeee”””” yyyy ccccoooonnnnffffeeeerrrreeeennnncccciiiiaaaassss eeeennnn MMMMaaaaccccyyyy.... ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -8 HISTORIA DE LOS SISTEMAS EXPERTOS (2) P. Harmon y D. King, Expert Systems, New York, 1985 VVVViiiieeeennnneeeennnn aaaa ccccoooonnnnttttiiiinnnnuuuuaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn lllloooossss ddddeeeennnnoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaaddddoooossss aaaaññññoooossss ffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiivvvvoooossss ((((1111999955555555----66660000)))),,,, eeeennnn lllloooossss qqqquuuueeee rrrreeeeaaaallllmmmmeeeennnntttteeee sssseeee pppprrrroooodddduuuucccceeee ééééllll iiiinnnniiiicccciiiioooo ddddeeee llllaaaa iiiinnnnvvvveeeessssttttiiiiggggaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee IIIIAAAA LLLLaaaassss cccciiiirrrrccccuuuunnnnssssttttaaaannnncccciiiiaaaassss qqqquuuueeee pppprrrrooooppppiiiicccciiiiaaaannnn ddddiiiicccchhhhaaaa iiiinnnnvvvveeeessssttttiiiiggggaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ---- AAAAvvvvaaaannnncccceeeessss tttteeeeccccnnnnoooollllóóóóggggiiiiccccoooossss yyyy ddddeeee ddddeeeessssaaaarrrrrrrroooolllllllloooo ddddeeee ssssooooffffttttwwwwaaaarrrreeee:::: ---- iiiinnnnccccrrrreeeemmmmeeeennnnttttoooo eeeennnn llllaaaa ppppooootttteeeennnncccciiiiaaaa ddddeeee lllloooossss oooorrrrddddeeeennnnaaaaddddoooorrrreeeessss ---- IIIInnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaattttiiiioooonnnn PPPPrrrroooocccceeeessssssssiiiinnnngggg LLLLaaaannnngggguuuuaaaaggggeeee IIII ((((IIIIPPPPLLLL----IIII)))) ---- LLLLIIIISSSSPPPP,,,, lllleeeennnngggguuuuaaaajjjjeeee ppppaaaarrrraaaa SSSSEEEE,,,, 1111999955558888,,,, JJJJ.... MMMMccccCCCCaaaarrrrtttthhhhyyyy ---- PPPPuuuubbbblllliiiiccccaaaacccciiiioooonnnneeeessss yyyy rrrreeeeuuuunnnniiiioooonnnneeeessss :::: ---- SSSSeeeemmmmiiiinnnnaaaarrrriiiioooo ddddeeee VVVVeeeerrrraaaannnnoooo ddddeeee DDDDaaaarrrrmmmmoooouuuutttthhhh ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee IIIIAAAA ((((1111999955556666)))) ---- GGGGeeeennnneeeerrrraaaallll PPPPrrrroooobbbblllleeeemmmm SSSSoooollllvvvveeeerrrr ((((GGGGPPPPSSSS)))),,,, 1111999955557777 ---- EEEEssssttttuuuuddddiiiioooossss ssssoooobbbbrrrreeee llllaaaa ppppssssiiiiccccoooollllooooggggííííaaaa ddddeeeellll pppprrrroooocccceeeessssaaaammmmiiiieeeennnnttttoooo ddddeeee iiiinnnnffffoooorrrrmmmmaaaacccciiiióóóónnnn ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR DE INGENIERÍA DDDDEEEEPPPPAAAARRRRTTTTAAAAMMMMEEEENNNNTTTTOOOO DDDDEEEE OOOORRRRGGGGAAAANNNNIIIIZZZZAAAACCCCIIIIÓÓÓÓNNNN IIIINNNNDDDDUUUUSSSSTTTTRRRRIIIIAAAALLLL Sistemas expertos -9
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