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Sistem Terdistribusi 11 PDF

54 Pages·2010·1.73 MB·English
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Sistem Terdistribusi Peer to Peer Systems Client Server vs P2P • Client/server is hierarchical system, with resources centralized on a limited number of servers. • In peer-to-peer networks, both resources aanndd ccoonnttrrooll aarree wwiiddeellyy ddiissttrriibbuutteedd aammoonngg nodes that are theoretically equals. – A node with more information, better information, or more power may be “more equal,” but that is a function of the node, not the network controllers. The architectures • Server-based architecture – Client-Server / Server-Cluster – Problems: • Limited resources • All loads are centered on the server –– SSeerrvveerr--bbaasseedd aarrcchhiitteeccttuurree hhaass llooww ssccaallaabbiilliittyy.. – The setup and maintenance cost is high. • Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architecture – Advantages: • Distributing loads to all users • Users consume and provide resources – P2P architecture has high scalability. – The setup and maintenance cost is low. The Client Side • Today’s clients can perform more roles than just forwarding users requests • Today’s clients have: –– mmoorree ccoommppuuttiinngg ppoowweerr – more storage space • As the Internet usage grow, more and more PCs are connecting to the global net • Most of the time PCs are idle (cid:1) • Thin client Fat client Decentralization • A key feature of peer-to-peer networks is decentralization. • This has many implications: –– rroobbuussttnneessss:: hhaannddaall – availability of information: selalu ada & tersebar dimasing2 client – fault-tolerance tends to come from redundancy => satu down yg lain bisa handle – and shared responsibility: tugas dibagi Technology Transition The Client/Server Model The Peer-to-Peer Model Peer to Peer (P2P) - Setiap komputer yang terhubung ke jaringan dapat bertindak baik sebagai client maupun server. - Server di jaringan tipe peer to peer disebut non- ddeeddiiccaatteedd sseerrvveerr - karena server tidak berperan sebagai server murni, tetapi sekaligus dapat berperan sebagai client. - Pada jaringan tipe ini semua komputer berkedudukan sama, dapat bertindak sebagai sebuah PC client (information requestor) maupun PC server (information provider). Jenis P2P: Pure P2P (cid:2) Masing-masing peer berstatus setara (egaliter), setiap peer berstatus sebagai client juga server. (cid:2) Tidak ada server pusat yang mengatur jaringan. (cid:2)(cid:2) TTiiddaakk aaddaa rroouutteerr yyaanngg mmeennjjaaddii ppuussaatt jjaarriinnggaann.. (cid:2) Bisa terdiri dari > 2 komputer Hybrid P2P - Mempunyai server pusat yang memantau dan menjaga informasi yang berada di setiap peer sekaligus merespon peer ketika ada yang meminta informasi tertentu. - Setiap peer bertanggung jawab untuk menyediakan resource yang tersedia. - Karena server pusat tidak memiliki resource tersebut, hal ini juga dilakukan agar server pusat tersebut dapat mengetahui resource apa saja yang akan didistribusikan di dalam jaringan. Why P2P? • Information - Hard to find, impossible to catalog and index all of the information • Bandwidth - Hot links get hotter –– MMaakkiinn bbaagguuss iinnffoorrmmaassii,, mmaakkiinn llaarriiss ddaann mmaakkiinn tak terbendung – Makin banyak juga yg “memilikinya” dan tersebar dimana-mana • Computing resources - Heavily loaded nodes get overloaded, idle nodes remain idle

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Napster: Lessons Learned. • Napster P2P structure and functionalities make it perfect for sharing vast 21-year-old founder of Nullsoft. • Nullsoft Chord Lookup – with finger table. Start. Int. node banyak bahasa pemrograman.
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.