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Sinterability of low alloyed steels modified with Mn-Si master alloy additions PDF

56 Pages·2013·3.84 MB·English
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UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIA E INGENIERÍA DE LOS MATERIALES E INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA PROYECTO FIN DE CARRERA INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL Sinterability of low alloyed steels modified with Mn-Si master alloy additions Autora: Andrea Galán Salazar Directoras: Dra. Mónica Campos Gómez Dra. Raquel de Oro Calderón Julio de 2013 Acknowledgements I want to dedicate this project and say thank you to all those persons that have made this moment real. In first place, to Mónica and Raquel, my tutors. To Mónica, because of her help and advice while writing this project, always with a smile, for all the things I have learnt from her and for giving me great opportunities for my future. To Raquel, for offering me this project and transmitting me her enthusiasm for investigation; for all the good moments in the lab and teaching me how to work. To all the good teachers I have met during these five years, because all of you have contributed on me becoming an engineer: to J.M. Torralba, Elena B., Paula, Fran and Asun, Berna, to Javi and its bubbles, Navarro and Castellanos, … To my friends. To Alba, Nuri, Marina, Antonio, Dani and Pablo, because all of you have left in me a piece of you, for trusting always in me and because of all the good moments together and, for sure, there will be more of those. To great people I have met during these years while learning materials: Alejandro, Jaime, Rober, Elena… To mom and dad, because you have given me the best gift to a child: letting me study what I wanted, so I can become into somebody and build my own life. For transmitting me your willpower for fighting for the things I believe in, no matter the difficulty. To my sister, Clau, because this had not been the same without you. To my granddaddy, because I am sure he would be so proud of me. To my “family-in-law”, because “your trusting in me” has supposed a lot of support to me. To Miguel Ángel, because of your constant optimism, for helping me whenever I needed it, for supporting me in the hard times, because meeting you along these years has been the best and I hope you continue walking by my side the coming years. To all of you, Andrea Agradecimientos Quiero dedicar este proyecto y dar las gracias a todas aquellas personas que han hecho que este momento sea real. En primer lugar, a Mónica y Raquel, mis tutoras. A Mónica, por su ayuda y sus consejos mientras escribía este proyecto, siempre con una sonrisa, por todas las cosas que he aprendido de ella y por darme grandes oportunidades para mi futuro. A Raquel, por ofrecerme este proyecto y transmitirme su entusiasmo por la investigación, por todos los buenos momentos en el laboratorio y por enseñarme a trabajar. A todos los buenos profesores que he conocido durante estos cinco años y que habéis contribuido en que hoy sea ingeniera: a J.M. Torralba, Elena B., Paula, Fran y Asun, Berna, Javi y sus burbujas, Navarro y Castellanos, … A mis amigos. A Alba, Nuri, Marina, Antonio, Dani y Pablo, porque todos vosotros habéis dejado huella en mí, por confiar en mí y por los buenos momentos juntos que, por supuesto, serán más. A toda la gente tan increíble que he conocido mientras aprendíamos materiales: Alejandro, Jaime, Rober, Elena… A mamá y papá, porque me habéis dado el mejor regalo que se puede dar a un hijo: dejarme estudiar lo que yo he querido, para que algún día llegue a ser alguien y para que pueda construir mi propia vida. Por transmitirme vuestra fuerza de voluntad para luchar por lo que creo, sin importar nunca la dificultad. A mi hermana, Clau, porque sin ti esto no habría sido lo mismo. A mi abuelito, porque estoy segura de que estaría orgulloso de mi. A mi familia “política”, porque “vuestro creer en mí” ha significado un gran apoyo. A Miguel Ángel, por tu constante optimismo, por ayudarme siempre que lo he necesitado, por apoyarme en los momentos duros, porque conocerte durante estos años ha sido lo mejor y espero que continúes a mi lado los años que están por venir. A todos vosotros, Andrea To mom and dad To Clau To Miguel Ángel CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Resumen................................................................................................................................................ 5 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Low alloyed sintered steels ........................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Sintering atmosphere .................................................................................................................... 10 2. Motivation and Objective ................................................................................................................ 13 3. Materials and Experimental Procedure ............................................................................................ 15 3.1 Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Processing of sintered steels modified with master alloy additions ............................................. 16 3.3 Characterization Techniques ......................................................................................................... 16 I. Thermal Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 16 II. Chemical Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 17 III. Physical Properties ............................................................................................................................... 17 IV. Microscopy ........................................................................................................................................... 19 4. Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Sinterability Study .......................................................................................................................... 21 I. Degasification Studies .......................................................................................................................... 21 II. Chemical Analyses................................................................................................................................ 25 III. Liquid Phase Formation ....................................................................................................................... 26 IV. Density and Porosity ............................................................................................................................ 29 4.2 Alloying Effect ................................................................................................................................ 32 I. Microstructural Evolution .................................................................................................................... 32 II. Analysis of the Fracture Surfaces ......................................................................................................... 36 5. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................... 39 6. Suggestions for Future Work............................................................................................................ 41 Appendix ............................................................................................................................................. 43 References ........................................................................................................................................... 47 1 2

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To all the good teachers I have met during these five years, because all of you have contributed on me .. Grade ASC100.29 Höganäs AB, Sweeden Sintered steels were obtained through conventional powder metallurgy process
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