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Singapore Arbitration Legislation: Annotated PDF

376 Pages·2016·3.657 MB·English
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SINGAPORE ARBITRATION LEGISLATION ANNOTATED LLOYD’S ARBITRATION LAW LIBRARY Injunctive Relief and International Arbitration By Hakeem Seriki (2015) Arbitration Act 1996 Fifth Edition By Robert Merkin and Louis Flannery (2014) SINGAPORE ARBITRATION LEGISLATION ANNOTATED Robert Merkin and Johanna Hjalmarsson ROBERT MERKIN, QC, LLD Lloyd’s Professor of Commercial Law, University of Exeter; Special Counsel, DLA Piper JOHANNA HJALMARSSON, JUR. KAND., LLM Informa Associate Professor in Maritime and Commercial Law, University of Southampton Contributing Editor MATEUSZ BEK, LLB, LLM University of Southampton SECOND EDITION Second edition published 2016 by Informa Law from Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Informa Law from Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Robert Merkin and Johanna Hjalmarsson The right of Robert Merkin and Johanna Hjalmarsson to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Informa Law from Routledge 2009 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Merkin, Robert M., author. Singapore arbitration legislation : annotated / Robert Merkin, Johanna Hjalmarsson. - - Second edition. pages cm. - - (Lloyd’s arbitration law library) ISBN 978- 1- 138- 80183- 7 (hbk) - - ISBN 978- 1- 315- 75467- 3 (ebk) 1. Arbitration and award- - Singapore. 2. International commercial arbitration- - Singapore. 3. Singapore. International Arbitration Act. 4. Singapore. Arbitration Act. I. Hjalmarsson, Johanna., author. II. Title. KPP377.M47 2016 347.5957’09- - dc23 2015030612 ISBN: 978-1-138-80183-7 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-75467-3 (ebk) Typeset in Plantin by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire PREFACE The first edition of this book was published in 2009. In the years since then the law of arbitration in Singapore has moved on apace. In addition to important amend- ments to the International Arbitration Act and the Arbitration Act, as well as a new set of SIAC Rules (with more changes to come in 2016) the courts have handed down some 100 decisions on arbitration matters. Some of those decisions are illus- trative of established principles, but many break new ground. A fascinating feature is that Singapore, while a signatory to the UNCITRAL Model Law, has adopted its own distinctive approach to a number of issues. The degree to which judges have undertaken detailed comparative analysis, and examined the origins and purposes of the Model Law, in reaching their decisions, is a testament to the high quality of legal research and argument in and by the courts. Probably only England has gener- ated a greater number of decided cases on arbitration matters. As with the first edition, we have sought to annotate the legislation so that cases decided under a particular provision can be easily tracked down. The intention is to set out the basic principles and any significant modifications to them, and then to provide a comprehensive list of authorities establishing the points in question. We have focused on the facts of only a small number of cases, those that we regard as seminal or otherwise of particular significance. Our primary focus is on local deci- sions. However, the contribution from other Model Law jurisdictions with common law systems - notably, Hong Kong, Australia and New Zealand, is reflected in the annotations. In addition, English authorities - while not always directly relevant by virtue of the English decision to adopt a regime borrowing from but not based on the Model Law, are cited insofar as they shed light on provisions of Singaporean legisla- tion. A number of those provisions have indeed been taken verbatim from the English Arbitration Act 1996 and, in the context of domestic arbitration, its 1950 predecessor. The coverage of the second edition has been expanded to include new material on the State Immunity Act and the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act. Those new sections were prepared by Mateusz Bek, who also worked on the existing chap- ters. We are delighted to welcome Mateusz to the editorial team. We were also ably assisted with research by Eugenia Fazio. The work is up to date as of August 2015. The usual thanks go to our families and to our publishers. Rob Merkin, Sidmouth, Devon Johanna Hjalmarsson, Southampton, Hampshire v Page Intentionally Left Blank CONTENTS Preface v Table of Cases xvii Chapter 1 BACKGROUND TO THE SINGAPORE LEGISLATION 1 Structure of the arbitration system in Singapore 1 The two systems 3 Structure of the present work 5 Reception of the Model Law 6 Chapter 2 INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION ACT 9 part i—preliminary 10 Short title 10 part ii—international commercial arbitration 11 Interpretation of Part II 11 Definition and form of arbitration agreement 13 Background 13 Agreement 14 Scope of arbitration clause 16 Agreement in writing 17 Incorporation 18 Bills of lading cases 19 Variations and settlements 20 Conflicting clauses 20 Arbitration and other dispute resolution mechanisms 21 Model Law to have force of law 22 Relationship between Model Law and IAA 22 “Place” of the arbitration 23 Interpretation of Model Law by use of extrinsic material 23 Application of Part II 24 Enforcement of international arbitration agreement 26 Stay of judicial proceedings 27 Who decides jurisdictional issues? 29 Existence of dispute 32 Null and void, inoperative or incapable of being performed 34 Loss of right to seek stay 36 vii contents Ancillary orders 38 Delay 39 Third parties 39 Procedure 41 Anti- arbitration injunctions 41 Court’s powers on stay of proceedings 41 Authorities specified for purposes of Article 6 of Model Law 43 Application of Limitation Act and Foreign Limitation Periods Act 2012 43 Effect of section 8A 44 Running of time for commencing arbitration proceedings under Singapore law 44 Effect of award being set aside 46 Limitation period and enforcement of award 46 Number of arbitrators for purposes of Article 10(2) of Model Law 47 Default appointment of arbitrators 47 Appeal on ruling of jurisdiction 48 Legislative structure 49 Article 16(3) of the Model Law: scope 49 Article 16(3) of the Model Law and other mechanisms 50 Article 16(3) of the Model Law: procedure 51 IAA, section 10 52 Procedure under IAA, section 10 52 Appeals under section 10 and article 16(3) of the Model Law 53 Nature of judicial proceedings 53 Costs 54 Public policy and arbitrability 55 Reference of interpleader issue to arbitration 56 Powers of arbitral tribunal 57 The powers of arbitrators 58 Enforcement and judicial support 59 Security for costs 60 Procedure and evidence 62 Obtaining evidence 64 Language and representation 65 Experts 65 Security 66 Remedies 67 Interest 68 Court- ordered interim measures 68 Scope of court’s power to grant interim measures 68 Geographical scope 70 Relationship between court and arbitrators 70 Orders for security 72 Preservation of assets 73 Anti- suit injunctions 74 viii contents Witnesses may be summoned by subpoena 76 Law of arbitration other than Model Law 78 Application of rules of arbitration 79 Appointment of conciliator 80 Power of arbitrator to act as conciliator 82 Award by consent 83 Enforcement of awards 84 Awards made on different issues 86 Effect of award 88 Authentication of awards and arbitration agreements 90 Interest on awards 91 Taxation of costs 93 Proceedings to be heard otherwise than in open court 96 Privacy and confidentiality 96 The position in Singapore 97 Exceptions 98 Determination of privacy and confidentiality questions 99 Restrictions on reporting of proceedings heard otherwise than in open court 99 Court may set aside award 100 Grounds for setting award aside 100 Fraud or corruption 101 Breach of the rules of natural justice: prejudice 102 Illustrations of natural justice 104 Procedure 107 Liability of arbitrator 109 Immunity of appointing authority and arbitral institutions, etc. 109 Transitional provisions 111 part iii—foreign awards 111 Interpretation of Part III 111 Application of Part III 112 Recognition and enforcement of foreign awards 113 Evidence 113 Refusal of enforcement 115 Availability of power to refuse enforcement 116 Incapacity 118 Invalid arbitration agreement 119 Inability to present case 120 Substantive jurisdiction 121 Breach of agreed procedure 122 Appeal against award pending 123 Public policy 124 Convention countries 127 Enforcement of awards under other provisions of law 128 part iv—general 128 Act to bind Government 128 ix

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