Sindhi self-instructor

105 Pages·2016·4.55 MB·English

by  Shahaney Anandram T.

Sl’NDf+I S E L F - I N S T R U C T O R
In Arabi Sindhi and Devanagari Scripts ;
with Pronunciations in Roman characters
ANANDRAM T. SHAHANEY
Quali,lfed and gazetted teacher of languqes
zcith $ftty gears’ experience.
WITH A FOREWORD
BY
Prof. Kalyan B. Advanl, M.A.
Jai Hind Colle(je, Bombay-l.
Rs. 3-00
S C H O O L & C O L L E G E BOOI(Sf~&LL,
630, .GIRGAUM ROAD, NEAR DHOBI TALAO,
BOM.BAY -2.
Reproduced without permission
Anil Balchandani
ANANDRAM T. SHAHANEY
INTRODUCING THE AUTHOR & HIS METHODS OF TEACHING
Mr. A. T. Shahaney is a qualified and gazetted teacher. He has passed the
Oriental Languages Teachership Examination, He has given instruction in various languages
to civil and military officers (Europeans, Indians, and Japanese) and their wives for fifty
years (1897-1947).
He is the only linguist in India who has compiled twelve dictionaries in five
, different languages, and has written over twenty-five books.
). ,.
Among his former pupils were such famous persons as Sir Percival Wren (author
of Wren & Martin’s English Grammar & Composition); Sir Earnest Weston (former Chief
Justice of Bombay High Cotirt); Major General H. E. .Condon (who passed Higher
Standard Examinations in Persian, Baluchi and Hindustani, and Lower Standard Examination
in Pushtu under the ‘.‘&%r’s guidance); Mr. Togo (of Yokohama Bank); and Mrs.
Lawrence (wife of Sir Latirence, Commissioner-in-Sind).
Mr. W. Orr, former Supt.. of Police and one-time pupil of the author, ‘writes,
“His methods both of personal and correspondence tuition are very sound and I think
him the best teacher I have so far met”. Colonel D. Laidlow found him an excellent
teacher and Viscount Tamworth has fully recommended him.
.., -2
.
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ALL BIGHTS RESERVED I3Y TNE PUBLISHER
DIRECTIONS FOR READING
- a (short or unmarked) sounds as u in but. u (short or unmarked) sounds as u in full.
. B (long or marked) ,, ,, a ,, father. T?I (long or markedj 0 00 ), rule.
1 (short or unmarked ) ,, ,, i ,, fit. e (long but unmarked) ,: ,, ay ,, pay.
i (long or marked) ,, ,, ee ,, feel. o (long but unmarked) ,, ,, o ,, more,
‘e’ and fo’ are always long ; li (with a dot on it) denotes that it is nasal.
” ~‘p and ZT have lines below them, as, rr q B 5; q sy q’q have dots below them, as 9 7 sy E.
- - -
: -
Note: Arabi Sindhi, like Arabic and Urdu, is always written from right to left. A letter, word and a line
begins from the right and proceeds ‘backwards. A book in Arabi Sindhi begins from what is a last
page in an English or Hindi book.
Opinions atrd criticism on SINDHI. SELF-INSTRUCTOR should he addressed to the Publisher.
First edition: 1905
Second edition (revi8ed) : 1932
Third edition (with Devanagdri script a?ld pronunciations) : 1907
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The author and the publisher thank Prof. K. B. Advani for having contributed a foreward to this book.
They also thank Mr. Baldev T. Gajra’for having printed this book and for having assisted in the reading
of proofs. . I
C O - N T E N T S
P A R T ‘I
A CONCISE GRAMMAR OF SINDHI
The Alphabet (Arabi Sindhi) _. I LESSON 3: Formation of Plurals -48
Vowels 10
LESSON 4: Oblique forms 50
Peculiarities of Pronunciation 1 7
Useful hints 19 Deelension of a noun 50
LESSON 1: Personal Pronouns 23
Sindhi Alphabet in Devsnagiri 28 LESSON 5: The Possessive Case 56
Numbers (l-20)
30 LESSON 6: Interrogatives 63
LESSON 2: Auxiliary Verb “To be” 32
Demonstratives 33 LESSON 7: Adjectives 68
.’
Formation of Sentences 3 4
LESSON 8: Adjectives (cont.1 75
The Gender 41
Lists of nouns with different endings 43 LESSON 9: Comparison of Adjectives 81
PART II
VERBS, POSTPOSITIONS, ADVERBS, PRONOUNS, ETC.
LESSON 10: The Verb 90 LESSON 21: The Transitive Verb 130
Intransitive Verbs(Regular and Irregular)92 LESSON 22: The Imperfect, Present Perfect and
Transitive Verbs (Regular and Irregular194 Past Perfect Tenses kontd.) 138
The Imperatives 97 LESSON 23: The Verb “To have” 141
LESSON 11: The Present Subjunctive Tense 100 LESSON 24: Post positions 145
The Use of the Conjunctive Participie 103 LESSON 25: Pronouns 149
LESSON 12: The Present Tense 104 LlZSSON 26: Adverbs and Conjunctions 155
The Present Continuous Tense 109 LESSON 27: Numerals 158
LESSON 13: The Past Conditional Tense 111 LESSON 28: The Potential Mood 163
LESSON 14: The Future Tense 114 LESSON 29: The Verb “To Get” 165
LESSON 15: The Present Habitual Tense 117 LESSON 30: Must, Ought and Should 166
LkSON 16: The Past Habitual Tense 118 LESSON 31: The Casual Verb 167
LESSON 17: The Past Tense 122 LESSON 32: The Passive Voice 170
LESSON 18: The Imperfect Tense 124 LESSON 33: Intensives 172
LESSON 19: The Present Perfect Tense 126 1LESSON 34: ‘Pronominal Suffkes 17:
LESSON 20: The Past Perfect Tense 128
A P P E N D I X
Rule for finding out the Gender of Nouns 178 Short notes on Grammar 180
Formation of Abstract Nouns from Verbs‘ 179 Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 188
Rules for formation of Feminine from Masculine 179I Past Participles of some Irregular Verbs 192
PART I
A Concise Grammar of Sindhi
..l.,._.l* -- --__ _-. _.--_- -. ._I__._. .-.-.. --...- -. ..----- _
2
The Sindhi Alphabet consists of fifty-two letters which are written from right to left.
It must be remembered that the dots are the &sentlal parts of the letters, many
letters being exactly similar In form and undistinguishable exc& by their dots.
1:HE. A.LPHA~ET
( Arabic Script )
;.. s.- th (hard) t, (hard) th (soft) f @oft) bh b b a
IA1 u a u w
gh: h chh ch n-y or nj jh .&- or& i Ph P
t 2 G
3
d (soft)
cjh (hard) 4 Pw gwd dh (soft)
3
a ,? 5 3
z
‘a f t L
& B b WJ j
g kh ’ k 9 i . m
r U S d 2
(3
hamzo* h I .
0 P 3
For the use of “hamzo” see note on “USEFUL HIIUTS”.
l
4
LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET IN A TABULATED FORM, WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE NAMES
AND THE SOUNDS THEY REPRESENT.
A large number of these letters when combined in the formation of words, assume a
slightly altered form according to their position at the commencement, middle or end of a
word. as follows :
Combind form
Remarks
Final Medial Initial
alif 1 a It is a consonant in the beginning
and a vowel in the middle or end
of a word.
b English B
b Deep B
.
bh Aspirated B
Soft, dental T
E Corn bined form
z” Remarks
Medial initial
I
thay th Aspirated, dental T
taY t English T (hard)
thaY th Aspirated Engilah T
say S English S (Arabic)
Pay P English P
Phay Ph Aspirated P
jim j English J
-dyay d-yord-j F I e See note on explanations regarding
peculiarities of pronunciations
NY jh Aspirated J
6
Combined form
--~
Remarks
Final Medial Initial
-nYaY c~..y- or-nj See note on explanations regarding
peculiarities of pronunciations
chay Ch Like ch in “church”
chhay chh Aspirated English “~78”
h Arabic
hay
EbY Kh Guttural, Like c7L in liZooh”
d&I d Soft dental
dh8,l dh Aspirated dental D
d_aY d See note on explanations regarding
peculiarities of pronunciations
Corn bined form
Final Medial Initial
($1 d English D (hard)
dhzl Aspirated hard D
dh
251 Z
ray r Soft R
PY r Hard R
ZaY 2 Z (common)
seen S S (common)
sheen sh
swzd S Ara bit
rwi!id z Arabic