Simpson's History Of Architectural Development Vol II Early Christian, Byzantine, & Romanesque Architecture (1954)

330 Pages·2003·8.54 MB·English

by  Cecil Stewart

EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE AND
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
SIMPSON'S HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT
New Edition
Volume I
ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
by
Hugh Plommer
Volume II
EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE AND
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
by
Cecil Stewart
Volume III
MEDIEVAL ARCHITECTURE
by
Cecil Stewart
Volume IV
RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
by
J. Quentin Hughes
and
Herbert Lynton
Volume V
NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH
CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
by
Thomas Howarth
Simpson's^ History of
6|
Architectural Development
Vol. II
EARLY
CHRISTIAN,
BYZANTINE
AND
ROMANESQUE
ARCHITECTURE
by
Cecil Stewart
LONGMANS, GREEN AND CO
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ThisEditionfirstpublished1954
PrintedinGreatBritainbyWilliamClowesandSons,Limited,LondonandBeccles
CONTENTS
.......
Chapter
I INTRODUCTION I
The Catacombs (2); functional requirements of
early Church (2); division of the Empire (4);
growth ofmonasticism (6). ....
II EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE 9
Historyy Characteristics and Style
Origins (10); the basilican church (14); chancel
(15); atria and baptisteries (16); nave and aisles
(i6); mural decoration (18); ceilings (18); floors
....
(19); exteriors (19); orientation (19).
III EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE 22
Churches andBaptisteries
Rome (22); North Italy (28); Constantinople and
Salonika (33); Egypt (35); Syria (38); circular
buildings (42).
IV BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE 47
History> Characteristics and Style
Periods(48);thependentive(49);thesquinch(50);
construction ofdomes and vaults (53); wall con-
struction (53); interior decoration (54); carving
(55);capitals(56); windows(57); thebasilica(58);
the circular or polygonal hall (59); cruciform
buildings (59); the domed basilica (60); the cross-
in-square (60).
V BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE OF THE FIRST PERIOD 6l
.
The Mausoleums at Ravenna (61); the Syrian ex-
amples (62); SS. Sergius and Bacchus, Constanti-
nople(64); San Vitale, Ravenna(65); S. Lorenzo,
MUan (66); Sancta Sophia, Constantinople (66).
VI BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE OF THE SECOND PERIOD . 73
Salonika and Constantinople (74); Greece (77);
Armenia (80); Russia (81); northern Italy (84);
Sicily (90); south Italy (92); central France (94).
vi Contents
Chapter page
VII BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE OF THE THIRD PERIOD . 99
S. Saviour, Constantinople (99); Mount Athos
(100); lesser churches in Greece (102); Mistra
(104).
VIII ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 107
HistoricalBackground
Italy (no); France (112); Spain (113); Britain
(113); end ofthe period (115).
IX ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE II?
Planning
Types of plan (118); S. Gall (118); causes of
changes (120) additional altars (120), separation
of clergy (121), eastern extension (121), eastern
ambulatory(122),thechevet(123);thenavearcade
(125); aisleless plans (125); Cistercian influence
(126); baptism (127); burial (128); the monastery
(129); the builders (131); centrally-planned
churches (132); Easterninfluence (135).
X ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 137
Structure
The arch and the vault (137); barrel vaults (137);
development of the vault (138); early ribbed
vaults (139); S. Ambrogio, Milan (140); Durham
Cathedral (142); early difficulties (142); vaulting
ofoblong spaces (143); sexpartite vaults (144); S.
Philibert, Tournus (146); sections of churches
(147); materials (149); buttresses (150); pointed
arch (151); construction ofarches (153); columns
and
piers (154).
XI ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE 157
Details andDecoration
Application of colour marble veneer, mosaic,
paint (158); employment of different materials
(I59)j enrichment of the structure mouldings,
arcading, carved ornament, sculpture (159);
towers
(168).
XII ROMANESQUE IN ITALY 176
Lombardy (176); Tuscany (181); Rome (187);
southern and
Italy Sicily (188).

PLATES
betweenpages24 and25
1 -S. Paul Outside the Walls, Rome (Piramsi)
2 S. Apollinare in Classe, near Ravenna; apse (author)
S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna (author)
3 Marble mosaic from S. Prassede, Rome (Alinari)
Byzantine carving from altar rail, Torcello (author)
4 S. Clemente, Rome (Anderson)
Mausoleum ofTheodoric (K. Entwistle)
S. ApollinareNuovo, Ravenna (F. Sumner)
betweenpages 72 and 73
5 Sancta Sophia, Constantinople; interior (author)
Sancta Sophia, Constantinople; exterior (author)
6 Holy Apostles, Salonika; detail ofbrickwork (author')
S. Mark's, Venice; Byzantine mosaic decoration (author)
S. Saviour, Constantinople (author)
7 S. Mark's, Venice; detail ofsouth-west comer (author)
Capella Palatina, Palermo, showing squincharches (author)
S. Front, Perigueux; interior (ArchivesPhotographiques)
S. Front, Perigueux; exterior (ArchivesPhotographiques)
8 Trinita di Delia, Castelvetrano, Sicily (author)
Omorphi Ecclesia, near Athens (author)
S. Dmitri,Vladimir (D. R. Buxtori)
Moscow
S. Basil, (Sojusfotd)
betweenpages 184 and 185
9 Pisa Cathedral, west front (Anderson)
S. Miniato, Florence (Anderson)
10 S. Ambrogio, Milan; exterior (Anderson)
S. Ambrogio, Milan; interior (Alinari)
11 Campanile, Torcello (F. Sumner)
Leaning Tower, Pisa (F. Sumner)
Campanile, SS. John and Paul, Rome (Alinari)
S. Zeno Maggiore, Verona; porch (F. Sumner)
12 WormsCathedral;viewfromsouth(BildarchivFotoMarburg)
Worms Cathedral; nave (Bildarchiv Foto Marburg)
Plates
Monreale Cathedral; apsidal end (author)
Ak-la-ChapelleCathedral;interior(BildarchivFotoMarburg}
betweenpages 208 and209
13 Earls Barton, Northants; tower (NationalBuildingsRecord}
Sompting, Sussex (G. L. Mellin}
S.Mary,Deerhurst,Glos;interior(NationalBuildingsRecord}
Madonna, YorkMinster (Walter Scott}
14 S. Wandrille, Normandy (Archives Photographiques}
Ver-sur-Mer, Normandy (author}
S. Loup, Normandy (author)
Thaon, Normandy (author)
betweenpages 232 and233
15 Southwell Cathedral; west front (NationalBuildings Record)
Abbaye-aux-Hommes, Caen; west front (F. Sumner)
16 Durham Cathedral; nave (F. H. Crossley}
Durham Cathedral; choir aisle vault (National Buildings
Record)
ij S. Alban's Cathedral; nave (K H. Crossley)
* RomseyAbbey, Hants; nave (NationalBuildings Record)
Gloucester Cathedral; nave (NationalBuildings Record)
Christ Church, Oxford; north transept (Royal Commission
on HistoricalMonuments)
18 Tewkesbury Abbey, Glos; west front (National Buildings
Record)
Norwich Cathedral; apsidal end (Walter Scott)
Castle Acre Priory, Norfolk (EricJarretf)
Fountains Abbey, Yorks; south aisle (author)
betweenpages248 and249
19 Notre-Dame-du-Port, Clermont-Ferrand; vault at crossing
(Archives Photographiques)
Issoire Cathedral; apsidal end (Archives Photographiques)
20 S. Gilles, Provence; west front (Courtauld Institute ofArt}
S. Trophime, Aries; cloister (Courtauld Institute ofArt}
21 S. Philibert, Tournus; interior (F. Sumner)
Autun Cathedral; interior (ArchivesPhotographiques}
22 Santiago Cathedral; interior (Foto Mas}
Salamanca Cathedral; cimborio (Foto Mas}
Plates ri
betweenpages 262 and263
23 The walls ofConstantinople (Robert Byron)
Richmond Castle, Yorks. (Reece Winston) m
24 S. John's Chapel^ Tower of London (Royal
HistoricalMonuments)
Castle Hedingham, Essex; banqueting hall (Royal Cam-
mission on HistoricalMonuments)
Photographs supplied by theRoyal Commission
onHistoricalMonuments arereproducedbyper-
missionoftheController,H.M.StationeryOffice.
CrownCopyrightReserved.