Silvopastoral Systems in Southern South America

275 Pages·2016·13.24 MB·English

by  Pablo Luis Peri, Francis Dube, Alexandre Varella (eds.)

Advances in Agroforestry 11
Pablo Luis Peri
Francis Dube
Alexandre Varella Editors
Silvopastoral
Systems in
Southern South
America
Advances in Agroforestry
Volume 11
Series editor
P. K. Ramachandran Nair , Gainesville , USA
Aims and Scope
Agroforestry, the purposeful growing of trees and crops in interacting
combinations, began to attain prominence in the late 1970s, when the
international scientifi c community embraced its potentials in the tropics and
recognized it as a practice in search of science. During the 1990s, the
relevance of agroforestry for solving problems related to deterioration of
family farms, increased soil erosion, surface and ground water pollution, and
decreased biodiversity was recognized in the industrialized nations too. Thus,
agroforestry is now receiving increasing attention as a sustainable land-
management option the world over because of its ecological, economic, and
social attributes. Consequently, the knowledge-base of agroforestry is being
expanded at a rapid rate as illustrated by the increasing number and quality of
scientifi c publications of various forms on different aspects of agroforestry.
Making full and effi cient use of this upsurge in scientifi c agroforestry is
both a challenge and an opportunity to the agroforestry scientifi c community.
In order to help prepare themselves better for facing the challenge and seizing
the opportunity, agroforestry scientists need access to synthesized information
on multi-dimensional aspects of scientifi c agroforesty.
The aim of this new book-series, Advances in Agroforestry, is to offer
state-of-the art synthesis of research results and evaluations relating to
different aspects of agroforestry. Its scope is broad enough to encompass any
and all aspects of agroforestry research and development. Contributions are
welcome as well as solicited from competent authors on any aspect of
agroforestry. Volumes in the series will consist of reference books, subject-
specifi c monographs, peer-reviewed publications out of conferences,
comprehensive evaluations of specifi c projects, and other book-length
compilations of scientifi c and professional merit and relevance to the science
and practice of agroforestry worldwide.
More information about this series at h ttp://www.springer.com/series/6904
Pablo Luis Peri (cid:129) Francis Dube

Alexandre Varella
Editors
Silvopastoral Systems in
Southern South America
Editors
Pablo Luis Peri Francis Dube
Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Department of Silviculture
Austral (UNPA) University of Concepción
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología VIII - Concepción , Chile
Agropecuaria (INTA), CONICET
Río Gallegos , Argentina
Alexandre Varella
EMBRAPA
Brasilia , Brasília , Brazil
ISSN 1875-1199 ISSN 1875-1202 (electronic)
Advances in Agroforestry
ISBN 978-3-319-24107-4 ISBN 978-3-319-24109-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-24109-8
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016931907
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
C hapter 3 was created within the capacity of an US government employment. US copyright
protection does not apply.
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publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
T he publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
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Printed on acid-free paper
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Book Abstract
T his multi-authored volume contains peer-reviewed chapters from leading
researchers and professionals in silvopastoral systems topic in the sub-
tropical and temperate zones of South America (Argentina, Chile and
South Brazil). It is a compendium of original research articles, case stud-
ies, and regional overviews and summarizes the current state of knowl-
edge on different components and aspects (pasture production, animal
production, trees production, carbon sequestration, conservation) of silvo-
patoral systems in native forests and tree plantations. The main hypothesis
of the book is that farmers have integrated tree and pasture/grassland spe-
cies in their land use systems to reach higher production per unit of land
area, risk avoidance, product diversifi cation, and sustainability. These pro-
duction systems also impact positively in main ecosystem processes.
Management of these productive systems, Policy and Socioeconomic
Aspects provide great opportunities and challenges for farmers and policy
makers in our region. The book is unique on this subject in Southern South
America and constitutes a valuable reference material for graduate stu-
dents, professors, scientists and extensionists who work with silvopastoral
systems.
Book Keywords
Animal production • Tree-understorey interaction • Native forest conserva-
tion • S ilvopastoral systems design • P olicy for silvopastoral development
v

Foreword
Agroforestry is now well recognized as a land-use activity that is different
from sole-crop agriculture and plantation forestry. To most land-use experts,
however, agroforestry presents the image of low-input, subsistence, “dirt-
poor” tropical farming systems involving an array of some trees and crops
and maybe some animals, often in haphazard arrangements in contrast to the
uniformly spaced rows of trees or crops they are used to. No wonder the men-
tion of the word also brings out some strange reaction – even disdain – from
those who fi rmly, albeit falsely, believe that the solution to the world’s food
and agricultural problems rests entirely on commercial and industrialized
land management.
T he past few decades of signifi cant developments in agroforestry, how-
ever, have helped change some such lopsided perceptions. Lately, the role of
agroforestry in addressing and mitigating some of the environmental prob-
lems created and/or exacerbated by commercial agricultural and forestry pro-
duction enterprises has become increasingly clear. A wave of belief and
enthusiasm, though still supported more by convictions rather than empirical
research, is emerging in North America and Europe that in order to meet the
society’s needs and aspirations for forest-derived goods and services, we
must – and can – fi nd ways of deriving some portion of those benefi ts from
agricultural lands through agroforestry. Indeed, in many places, the only
opportunity to provide forest-based benefi ts such as wildlife habitat or for-
ested riparian systems is through the increased adoption of agroforestry on
agricultural lands.
While such interesting developments have helped to add North America
and Europe to the global agroforestry map, some regions of the world such as
the southern parts of South America have seldom been mentioned in agrofor-
estry literature. With limited or no personal exposure to the region, most
agroforestry enthusiasts including myself have been ignorant of and had sel-
dom been encouraged to think about the existence or relevance of agrofor-
estry in the regions southward from southern Brazil. So, it was with some
trepidation that I entertained Dr. Pablo Peri’s desire for a discussion during
his visit to the University of Florida in September 2013, to talk about silvo-
pastoral systems in that part of the world and the studies and experience on
such systems that he and his colleagues had accumulated. In retrospect, it is
rather amazing how Dr. Peri’s visit and our discussions have led to this book.
T he speed, tenacity, and momentum at which Dr. Peri moved forward with
the idea and bring it to fruition are really outstanding. From organizing a team
vii
viii Foreword
of dedicated coeditors, commissioning a talented group of chapter authors,
organizing insightful peer review of the chapters, following up with the pub-
lisher, and, above all, pushing me incessantly for doing my part in facilitating
the publication, he has spared no stone unturned. I warmly and sincerely con-
gratulate Dr. Peri and his coeditors and all the chapter authors on this out-
standing accomplishment.
This publication represents a signifi cant contribution to the growing body
of agroforestry literature worldwide. The information presented here will be
of immense value to colleagues in other parts of the world where such sys-
tems of land use have scope and potential. I hope Dr. Peri and colleagues’
commendable effort will provide inspiration to other agroforestry experts to
organize such high-quality publications to bring to light the little-reported but
valuable results and experiences from other parts of the world.
Editor, Advances in Agroforestry Book-Series P. K. Ramachandran Nair
University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
June 2015
Contents
1 Silvopastoral Systems in the Subtropical
and Temperate Zones of South America: An Overview ............ 1
Pablo Luis Peri , Francis Dube , and Alexandre Costa Varella
2 Silvopastoral Systems Developed in Misiones
and Corrientes, Argentina ............................................................ 9
Santiago María Lacorte , Sara Regina Barth , Luis Colcombet ,
Ernesto Héctor Crechi , Jorge Isaac Esquivel , Hugo E. Fassola ,
María Cristina Goldfarb , Raúl Pezzuti , Daniel Videla ,
and Rosa Ángela Winck
3 Silvopastoral Systems in the Delta Region of Argentina ........... 41
Edgardo A . Casaubon , P. S. Cornaglia , P. L. Peri , M. L. Gatti ,
M. P. Clavijo , E. D. Borodowski , and G. R. Cueto
4 Silvopastoral Systems in the Western Chaco
Region, Argentina ......................................................................... 63
Carlos Kunst , Marcelo Navall , Roxana Ledesma ,
Juan Silberman , Analía Anríquez , Darío Coria ,
Sandra Bravo , Adriana Gómez , Ada Albanesi , Daniel Grasso ,
José A. Dominguez Nuñez , Andrés González , Pablo Tomsic ,
and José Godoy
5 Silvopastoral Systems Based on Natural Grassland
and Ponderosa Pine in Northwestern Patagonia, Argentina ..... 89
G. Caballé , M. E. Fernández , J. Gyenge , V. Lantschner ,
V. Rusch , F. Letourneau , and L. Borrelli
6 Silvopastoral Systems Under Native Forest
in Patagonia Argentina ................................................................. 117
Pablo L. Peri , Nidia E. Hansen , Héctor A. Bahamonde ,
María V. Lencinas , Axel R. von Müller , Sebastián Ormaechea ,
Verónica G argaglione , Rosina Soler , Luis E. Tejera ,
Carlos E. Lloyd , and Guillermo Martínez Pastur
7 Silvopastoral Systems in Arid and Semiarid
Zones of Chile ................................................................................ 169
Patricio Rojas , Marlene González , Susana Benedetti ,
Peter Yates , Alvaro Sotomayor , and Francis Dube
ix