Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs): Activation and Biology

743 Pages·2003·14.97 MB·English

by  James E. Darnell Jr. (auth.)

SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS AND ACTIVATORS OF TRANSCRIPTION (STATs)
Signal Transducers and
Activators of Transcription
(STATs)
Activation and Biology
Edited by
Pravin B. Sehgal
New York University School of Medicine, U.S.A.
David E. Levy
New York University School of Medicine, U.S.A.
and
Toshio Hirano
Osaka University, Japan
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6421-9 ISBN 978-94-017-3000-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-3000-6
Printed an acid-Iree paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording or otherwise, without written permis sion from the Publisher, with the
exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
FOREWORD
The year 2003 marks the tenth anniversary of the first use of the
acronym "Stat" (also written "STAT") in the scientific literature for a family
of transcription factors which rapidly transduce cytokine- and growth factor
elicited signals from the plasma membrane to the cell nucleus thereby
activating gene transcription (thus, .s.ignal Transducers and Activators of
Transcription). From those beginnings, the field of STAT transcription
factors, their related regulatory molecules and their biology has grown
exponentially in many different directions.
In recognition of the rapid growth and broad scope of the STAT
transcription factor field today, and to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the
use of this term in the scientific literature, Kluwer Academic Publishers B.V.
requested us to compile a volume on STAT transcription factors that could
serve as an overview of this burgeoning area. Thus, we wanted a volume that
would serve as a reference for what is known about STAT proteins and their
biology, would describe the current state of ongoing research in this broad
area, and would look toward the future to try to predict the discoveries that lie
ahead. Our charge was to seek out the very best experts in the field and to
coax them to briefly summarize their areas of expertise. We hope the end
result of this endeavor will prove useful to both the novice and the expert in
that it will provide within the covers of one book not only a didactic overview
of the STAT transcription factor field, but also a summary of past literature,
current developments, and new uncharted, perhaps controversial, ideas and
questions about STAT activation and biology. In order to preserve the
particular style of each contributor and to give the book a unique flavor, we
agreed that each chapter could be somewhat slanted in the form of a personal
essay and in some cases requested even overlapping contributions from
experts with different points of view.
We were pleasantly surprised by the enthusiasm with which this
project was received by our colleagues. We are grateful to all of the
contributors who have collectively put their best foot forward and helped
produce a memorable book. We thank them all. Weare sure that your readers
will appreciate each and every contribution in this volume.
We dedicate this book to Jim Darnell. Jim has not only contributed
enormously to this entire field from its inception through to the present (and
we assume will into the future), coined the term STAT along with his wife
v
vi
Jane, but has also been a mentor, a colleague and a friend to many of the
contributors to this volume. PBS and DEL, as Jim's former predoctoral and
postdoctoral trainees respectively, owe a particular debt of gratitude for the
way that the "Darnell Lab" touched our lives.
We thank Clare Nehammer, our Publishing Editor at Kluwer, who has
been instrumental in moving this project forward with efficiency and great
speed. We also appreciate the assistance of Esther Verdries at Kluwer who
has answered many manuscript handling and style-related questions sent her
way by all of us with dispatch and clarity. Moreover, we are grateful for the
invaluable assistance of Mehul Shah in collating and compiling this book.
PBS would like to pay special tribute to his friends Elyse S.
Goldweber, Josephine Lauriello, Michele Tortorelli and Sansar C. Sharma
without whose collective help during critical moments during the last year this
project would not have materialized.
We consider it a personal honor to have had the opportunity to
compile "The STAT book." We thank our colleagues for their magnificent
contributions.
June 12, 2003
Pravin B. Sehgal
David E. Levy
Toshio Hirano
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword v
Color Plates xiii
1. Introduction: a brief history ofthe STATs and 1
a glance at the future
James E. Darnell, Jr.
SECTION I
STAT PROTEINS AND THEIR REGULATORS
2. The STAT protein family 11
Markus H. Heim
3. The Janus kinase protein family 27
Pipsa Saharinen and Olli Silvennoinen
4. Structural bases ofreceptor-JAK-STAT 43
interactions
Peter C. Heinrich, Iris Behrmann, Serge Haan,
Heike M. Hermanns, Gerhard MUller-Newen and
Fred Schaper
5. SOCS proteins: negative regulators of the 55
JAKISTAT pathway
Robyn Starr and Douglas J. Hilton
6. The PIAS protein family and TC-PTP 75
Bin Liu and Ke Shuai
7. Prime time for the Drosophila JAKISTAT pathway 87
Erika A. Bach and Norbert Perrimon
vii
viii
8. The STAT proteins of Dictyostelium 105
Jeffrey G. Williams
9. JAKIST A Ts in zebrafish: conservation of JAKIST AT 123
signaling in vertebrates
Andrew C. Oates and Leonard I. Zon
SECTION II
MECHANISMS OF ACTIVATION OF AND
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION BY
STAT PROTEINS
10. IFNs and STATs, an incestuous relationship 137
Christian Schindler and Li Song
11. Mechanisms and biological roles of STAT activation 155
by the IL-6 family of cytokines
Daisuke Kamimura and Toshio Hirano
12. Growth hormone induced activation and regulation 177
of JAK2 and STAT proteins
Jason H. Kurzer and Christin Carter-Su
13. G protein-coupled-receptor mediated STAT activation 191
Jose Miguel Rodriguez-Frade, Mario Mellado and
Carlos Martinez-A.
14. Regulation of STATs by posttranslational modifications 207
Thomas Decker, Mathias Muller and Pavel Kovarik
15. Interactions of STATs with SRC family kinases 223
Corinne M. Silva, Julie L. Boerner and Sally J. Parsons
16. The role of phosphatases and reactive oxygen species in 237
regulation of the JAKISTAT pathway
Andrew Lamer and Michael David
IX
17. Raft-STAT signaling and transcytoplasmic trafficking 247
Pravin B. Sehgal and Mehul Shah
18. Nuclear trafficking of STAT proteins 269
Kevin M. McBride and Nancy C. Reich
19. Interaction of STAT signals with other signaling 285
pathways
Duane R. Wesemann and Gerald M. Fuller
20. Forward genetics in mammalian cells 299
Eugene S. Kandel and George R. Stark
21. X-ray crystal structure of STAT proteins and 311
strnctnre-activity relationships
Christoph W. Muller, Montserrat Soler-Lopez,
Christina Gewinner and Bernd Groner
22. STAT transcriptional activation mechanisms: 327
communication with the basal transcriptional
machinery
David E. Levy
23. STAT-dependent gene expression without tyrosine 343
phosphorylation
Moitreyee Chatterjee-Kishore, Jinbo Yang and
George R. Stark
SECTION III
BIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF STAT ACTIVATION
24. JAKISTAT signaling: a tale of jeeps and trains 355
Ana P. Costa-Pereira, Birgit Strobl, Bjorn F. Lillemeier,
Hayaatun Is'harc and Ian Kerr
25. Viruses and STAT proteins: co-evolution with the 367
JAK-STAT pathway
Christina M. Ulane and Curt M. Horvath
x
26. STATs in immune responses to viral infections 381
Christine A. Biron, Rachelle Salomon and Joan E. Durbin
27. IFNy receptor-STA Tl signaling and cancer 399
immunoediting
Ravindra Uppaluri, Gavin P. Dunn, Lloyd J. Old
and Robert D. Schreiber
28. STAT activation in THlITH2 differentiation 419
Theresa L. Murphy and Kenneth M. Murphy
29. Mechanisms and biological consequences of STAT 435
signaling by cytokines that share the common
cytokine receptor y chain, Yc
Jian-Xin Lin and Warren J. Leonard
30. STAT activation in the acute phase response 465
Heinz Baumann
31. STAT3 function in vivo 493
Valeria Poli and Tonino Alonzi
32. Tissue-specific function of STAT3 513
Kiyoshi Takeda and Shizuo Akira
33. Role ofSTATs in the biological functions of 525
growth hormone
Peter E. Lobie and David J. Waxman
34. STAT/SOCS family members in inflammation 545
and diseases
Akihiko Yoshimura, Ichiko Kinjyo,
Kyoko Inagaki-Ohara and Toshikatsu Hanada
35. Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 559
in cytokine signaling
James N. Ihle
36. STAT signaling by erythropoietin 575
Stefan N. Constantinescu and Virginie Moucadel