Signal Processing for 5G: Algorithms and Implementations

601 Pages·2016·19.86 MB·English

by  Fa-Long Luo

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SIGNAL PROCESSING
FOR 5G
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SIGNAL PROCESSING
FOR 5G
ALGORITHMS AND
IMPLEMENTATIONS
Editedby
Fa-Long Luo, Ph.D., IEEE Fellow
Charlie (Jianzhong) Zhang, Ph.D., IEEE Fellow
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2016
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Luo,Fa-Long,editor.|Zhang,Charlie,editor.
Title:Signalprocessingfor5G:algorithmsandimplementations/editedby
Fa-LongLuo,CharlieZhang.
Description:Chichester,WestSussex,UnitedKingdom:JohnWiley&Sons
Inc.,[2016]|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2016010334|ISBN9781119116462(cloth)|ISBN9781119116486
(epub)|ISBN9781119116479(AdobePDF)
Subjects:LCSH:Signalprocessing–Digitaltechniques–Mathematics.|Mobile
communicationsystems–Standards.|Wirelesscommunication
systems–Standards.|Computeralgorithms.
Classification:LCCTK5102.9.S54232016|DDC621.3845/6–dc23LCrecordavailableat
https://lccn.loc.gov/2016010334
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Setin10/12pt,TimesLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India.
1 2016
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Contents
Preface xvii
ListofContributors xxv
PartI MODULATION,CODINGANDWAVEFORMFOR5G
1 AnIntroductiontoModulationsandWaveformsfor5GNetworks 3
StefanoBuzzi,AlessandroUgolini,AlessioZapponeandGiulioColavolpe
1.1 MotivationandBackground 3
(cid:2) 1.1.1 TheLTESolution:OFDMandSC-FDMA 6 (cid:2)
1.2 NewModulationFormats:FBMC,GFDM,BFDM,UFMCandTFP 7
1.2.1 Filter-bankMulticarrier 7
1.2.2 GeneralizedFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing 10
1.2.3 Bi-orthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultiplexing 13
1.2.4 UniversalFilteredMulticarrier 14
1.2.5 Time-frequencyPacking 15
1.2.6 Single-carrierSchemes 18
1.3 WaveformChoice 19
1.4 DiscussionandConcludingRemarks 20
References 22
2 Faster-than-NyquistSignalingfor5GCommunication 24
JohnB.Anderson
2.1 IntroductiontoFTNSignaling 25
2.1.1 DefinitionofFTN:FTNfromDetectionTheory 26
2.1.2 TheShannonLimitforFTN 31
2.1.3 Summary 32
2.2 TimeFTN:ReceiversandPerformance 32
2.2.1 TheBCJRAlgorithmandIterativeDecoding 33
2.2.2 BinaryCodedFTNPerformance 36
2.2.3 Four-levelCodedFTN 38
2.2.4 Summary 41
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vi Contents
2.3 FrequencyFTNSignaling 41
2.3.1 DefinitionofFrequencyFTN 41
2.3.2 ImplementationofFrequencyFTN 44
2.3.3 Summary 44
2.4 SummaryoftheChapter 45
References 46
3 FromOFDMtoFBMC:PrinciplesandComparisons 47
WeiJiangandThomasKaiser
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 TheFilterBank 49
3.2.1 TheSynthesisFilters 49
3.2.2 TheAnalysisFilters 51
3.3 PolyphaseImplementation 53
3.4 OFDM 55
3.4.1 CyclicPrefix 56
3.4.2 GuardBand 60
3.5 FBMC 61
3.6 ComparisonofFBMCandFilteredOFDM 62
3.6.1 ClassicalApproachestoSidelobeSuppression 63
3.6.2 Performance 64
3.6.3 Complexity 65
(cid:2) 3.7 Conclusion 65 (cid:2)
References 66
4 FilterBankMulticarrierforMassiveMIMO 67
ArmanFarhang,NicolaMarchettiandBehrouzFarhang-Boroujeny
4.1 SystemModelandFBMCFormulationinMassiveMIMO 69
4.1.1 Polyphase-basedCMTinMassiveMIMO 69
4.1.2 FS-basedCMTinMassiveMIMO 72
4.2 Self-equalizationPropertyofFBMCinMassiveMIMO 74
4.2.1 NumericalStudyofPolyphase-basedCMTinaMassiveMIMOChannel 75
4.2.2 NumericalStudyofFS-basedCMTinaMassiveMIMOChannel 79
4.3 ComparisonwithOFDM 80
4.4 BlindEqualizationandPilotDecontamination 82
4.4.1 SimulationResults 85
4.5 Conclusion 87
References 88
5 Bandwidth-compressedMulticarrierCommunication:SEFDM 90
IzzatDarwazeh,TongyangXuandRyanCGrammenos
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 SEFDMFundamentals 93
5.2.1 ThePrincipleofSEFDM 93
5.2.2 GenerationofSEFDMSignals 95
5.2.3 DetectionofSEFDMSignals 97
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Contents vii
5.3 Block-SEFDM 97
5.3.1 PrincipleofBlock-SEFDM 97
5.3.2 Two-stageSignalDetection 98
5.4 Turbo-SEFDM 102
5.4.1 PrincipleofTurbo-SEFDM 102
5.4.2 SoftDetection 103
5.5 PracticalConsiderationsandExperimentalDemonstration 106
5.5.1 ChannelEstimation 106
5.5.2 ExperimentalDemonstration 109
5.6 Summary 112
References 112
6 Non-orthogonalMulti-UserSuperpositionandSharedAccess 115
YifeiYuan
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 BasicPrinciplesandFeaturesofNon-orthogonalMulti-userAccess 116
6.2.1 Non-orthogonalMulti-userSuperpositionforImprovedSpectral
Efficiency 117
6.2.2 Non-orthogonalMulti-userAccessforMassiveConnectivity 119
6.3 DownlinkNon-orthogonalMulti-userTransmission 121
6.3.1 DirectSuperpositionwithoutGrayMapping 121
6.3.2 SuperpositionwithGrayMapping 121
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6.4 UplinkNon-orthogonalMulti-userAccess 129
6.4.1 LDS-CDMA/OFDM 129
6.4.2 SCMA 131
6.4.3 MUSA 132
6.4.4 PDMA 138
6.5 SummaryandFutureWork 140
References 142
7 Non-OrthogonalMultipleAccess(NOMA):ConceptandDesign 143
AnassBenjebbour,KeisukeSaito,AnxinLi,YoshihisaKishiyamaand
TakehiroNakamura
7.1 Introduction 143
7.2 Concept 145
7.2.1 DownlinkNOMA 145
7.2.2 UplinkNOMA 147
7.3 BenefitsandMotivations 148
7.4 InterfaceDesign 150
7.4.1 DownlinkNOMA 150
7.4.2 UplinkNOMA 151
7.5 MIMOSupport 153
7.5.1 DownlinkNOMA 153
7.5.2 UplinkNOMA 156
7.6 PerformanceEvaluations 157
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viii Contents
7.6.1 DownlinkNOMA 157
7.6.2 UplinkNOMA 163
7.7 Conclusion 166
References 167
8 Major5GWaveformCandidates:OverviewandComparison 169
HaoLinandPierreSiohan
8.1 WhyWeNeedNewWaveforms 170
8.2 MajorMulticarrierModulationCandidates 171
8.2.1 CP-OFDMModulation 171
8.2.2 SubcarrierFilteredMCMusingLinearConvolution 172
8.2.3 SubcarrierFilteredMCMusingCircularConvolution 174
8.2.4 SubbandFilteredMCM 177
8.3 High-levelComparison 178
8.3.1 SpectralEfficiency 179
8.3.2 TailIssue 180
8.3.3 SpectrumConfinement 181
8.3.4 Mobility 182
8.3.5 Latency 182
8.3.6 ModemComplexity 182
8.3.7 CompatibilitywithLTE 183
8.4 Conclusion 184
(cid:2) Listofacronyms 185 (cid:2)
References 186
PartII NEWSPATIALSIGNALPROCESSINGFOR5G
9 MassiveMIMOfor5G:Theory,ImplementationandPrototyping 191
OveEdfors,LiangLiu,FredrikTufvesson,NikhilKundargiandKarlNieman
9.1 Introduction 192
9.2 MassiveMIMOTheory 194
9.2.1 Downlink 194
9.2.2 LinearPrecodingSchemes 195
9.2.3 Uplink 196
9.2.4 LinearDetectionSchemes 196
9.2.5 ChannelEstimation 197
9.3 MassiveMIMOChannels 199
9.3.1 ExistingConventionalMIMOModels 200
9.3.2 NecessaryModelExtensions 201
9.3.3 AMassiveMIMOExtensionoftheCOST2100ChannelModel 202
9.4 MassiveMIMOImplementation 204
9.4.1 AntennasandAnalogFront-ends 204
9.4.2 BasebandProcessing 209
9.4.3 Prototyping 212
9.4.4 DeploymentScenarios 213
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Contents ix
9.5 TestbedDesign 214
9.5.1 HierarchicalOverview 216
9.5.2 StreamingIORates 219
9.5.3 ArchitectureandFunctionalPartitioning 220
9.5.4 AntennaArray 223
9.5.5 MechanicalStructureandElectricalCharacteristicsofLuMaMiTestbed 223
9.6 Synchronization 224
9.6.1 TypesofSynchronization 224
9.7 FutureChallengesandConclusion 227
Acknowledgments 228
References 228
10 Millimeter-WaveMIMOTransceivers:Theory,DesignandImplementation 231
AkbarM.SayeedandJohnH.Brady
10.1 Introduction 232
10.1.1 Millimeter-WaveMIMOTechnology:BackgroundandPromise 233
10.1.2 Organization 235
10.2 OverviewofMillimeter-WaveMIMOTransceiverArchitectures 235
10.3 Point-to-PointSingle-UserSystems 237
10.3.1 SampledMIMOSystemRepresentation 237
10.3.2 BeamspaceMIMOSystemRepresentation 238
10.3.3 ChannelModeling 238
(cid:2) 10.3.4 BeamSelection:Low-dimensionalBeamspaceMIMOChannel 240 (cid:2)
10.3.5 OptimalTransceiver 241
10.3.6 BeamspaceMIMOTransceivers 241
10.3.7 NumericalResults 243
10.4 Point-to-MultipointMultiuserSystems 243
10.4.1 ChannelModel 244
10.4.2 BeamspaceSystemModel 244
10.4.3 BeamSelection:Low-dimensionalChannel 244
10.4.4 MultiuserBeamspaceMIMOPrecoders 245
10.4.5 NumericalResults 246
10.5 Extensions 249
10.6 Conclusion 250
References 251
11 3DPropagationChannels:ModelingandMeasurements 254
AndreasF.Molisch
11.1 IntroductionandMotivation 255
11.1.1 Full-dimensionalMIMO 255
11.1.2 FundamentalChannelDescriptions 256
11.2 MeasurementTechniques 257
11.2.1 BasicChannelMeasurementTechniques 257
11.2.2 MIMOSounders 257
11.2.3 ParameterExtractionTechniques 259
11.2.4 RayTracing 260
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11.3 PropagationEffects 260
11.3.1 UrbanMacrocells 261
11.3.2 Outdoor-to-indoor 261
11.4 MeasurementResults 263
11.4.1 AngularSpreadsattheMobileStation 264
11.4.2 AngularSpreadsattheBaseStation 264
11.5 ChannelModels 266
11.5.1 FundamentalModelingMethods 266
11.5.2 RegularandIrregularGSCMs 267
11.5.3 3GPPChannelModels 268
11.6 SummaryandOpenIssues 268
Acknowledgements 269
Disclaimer 269
References 269
12 3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennas:Theory,ImplementationandTesting 273
GuangyiLiu,XueyingHou,FeiWang,JingJinandHuiTong
12.1 Introduction 274
12.2 ApplicationScenariosof3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennas 276
12.2.1 Macro-andMicro-coverageScenario 276
12.2.2 High-riseScenario 277
12.2.3 IndoorScenario 277
(cid:2) 12.3 Exploiting3D-MIMOGainBasedonTechniquesinCurrentStandards 277 (cid:2)
12.3.1 SystemModel 278
12.3.2 UplinkFeedbackforTDDSystemswith3D-MIMO 279
12.3.3 UplinkChannelEstimationforDownlinkPrecoding 280
12.3.4 DownlinkPrecodingforTDDSystemswith3D-MIMO 280
12.3.5 MCSCalculationatBSbyExploitingtheCQIandChannelReciprocity 282
12.4 EvaluationbySystem-levelSimulations 283
12.4.1 SimulationAssumptions 283
12.4.2 Performanceof3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennas 284
12.4.3 PerformanceComparisonofDifferentAntennaStructures 286
12.5 FieldTrialsof3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennas 288
12.5.1 TestPerformanceinAnechoicChamber 288
12.5.2 FieldTrialinTypicalUrbanMicroScenarioandHigh-riseScenario 289
12.6 Achieving3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennasfromTheorytoPractice 292
12.6.1 AAS:aKeyforCommercializationof3D-MIMOwithMassiveAntennas 292
12.6.2 MappingfromTransceiverstoAntennaElementsinAAS 293
12.7 Conclusions 294
References 295
13 OrbitalAngularMomentum-basedWirelessCommunications:
DesignsandImplementations 296
Alan.E.Willner,YanYan,YongxiongRen,NisarAhmedandGuodongXie
13.1 EMWavesCarryingOAM 297
13.2 ApplicationofOAMtoRFCommunications 298
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Contents xi
13.3 OAMBeamGeneration,MultiplexingandDetection 300
13.3.1 OAMBeamGenerationandDetection 300
13.3.2 MultiplexingandDemultiplexingofOAMBeams 302
13.4 WirelessCommunicationsUsingOAMMultiplexing 303
13.4.1 WirelessCommunicationsUsingGaussianandOAMBeams 303
13.4.2 32-Gbit/smm-waveCommunicationsusingOAMandPolarization
Multiplexing 303
13.4.3 16-Gbit/smm-waveCommunicationsbyCombiningTraditionalSpatial
MultiplexingandOAMMultiplexingwithMIMOProcessing 306
13.4.4 MultipathEffectsofOAMChannels 310
13.4.5 OAMCommunicationsbasedonBesselBeams 313
13.5 SummaryandPerspective 315
References 316
PartIII NEWSPECTRUMOPPORTUNITIESFOR5G
14 MillimeterWavesfor5G:FromTheoryToPractice 321
MalikGul,EckhardOhlmer,AhsanAziz,WesMcCoyandYongRao
14.1 Introduction 321
14.2 BuildingammWavePoCSystem 322
14.3 DesirableFeaturesofammWavePrototypingSystem 323
(cid:2) 14.3.1 RFFrontEndRequirements 324 (cid:2)
14.3.2 Real-timeControloftheRFFrontEnd 325
14.3.3 ConverterRequirements 325
14.3.4 DistributedMulti-processorControlandBasebandSignal-processing
Requirements 326
14.4 CaseStudy:ammWaveCellularPoC 326
14.4.1 DescriptionoftheAirInterface 328
14.4.2 PoCSystemArchitecture 333
14.4.3 Example:HighSpeedParallelSignalProcessing:FFT 341
14.4.4 Example:HighThroughputCodingArchitecture 343
14.4.5 MIMOExtensionofthemmWavePoCSystem 346
14.4.6 Results 349
14.5 Conclusion 352
References 353
15 *5GMillimeter-waveCommunicationChannelandTechnologyOverview 354
Qian(Clara)Li,HyejungJung,PingpingZongandGengWu
15.1 Introduction 354
15.2 Millimeter-waveChannelCharacteristics 355
15.3 Requirementsfora5GmmWaveChannelModel 357
15.4 Millimeter-waveChannelModelfor5G 358
15.4.1 EnhancedSCMModel 359
15.4.2 Ray-propagation-basedStatisticalModel 362
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