Signal digitization and reconstruction in digital radios

343 Pages·2019·8.21 MB·English

by  Poberezhskiy, Gennedy Y., Poberezhskiy, Yehim S.

Signal Digitization and
Reconstruction in Digital Radios
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Signal Digitization and
Reconstruction in Digital Radios
Yefim S. Poberezhskiy
Gennady Y. Poberezhskiy
artechhouse.com
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 13: 978-1-63081-380-2
Cover design by John Gomes
© 2019 Artech House
685 Canton Street
Norwood, MA
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of
this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks
have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this
information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity
of any trademark or service mark.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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In memory of S. I. Poberezhskiy and E. D. Kravets
To Galina Poberezhskiy
To Katherine, Matthew, and Simone
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Contents
Preface xiii
CHAPTER 1
Signals and Waveforms 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Signals and Their Processing 2
1.2.1 Analog, Discrete-Time, and Digital Signals 2
1.2.2 Deterministic and Stochastic Signals 5
1.2.3 Basic Operations on Signals 13
1.3 Expansions of Signals 16
1.3.1 Orthogonal Expansions 16
1.3.2 Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier Series 18
1.3.3 Fourier Transform and Its Properties 21
1.3.4 Spectral Distribution of Signal Energy and Power 25
1.3.5 Transmission of Signals Through LTI Systems 28
1.4 Baseband and Bandpass Signals 29
1.4.1 Baseband Signals and Modulation 29
1.4.2 Bandpass Signals and Their Complex-Valued Equivalents 31
1.4.3 Bandwidths of Signals and Circuits 35
1.5 Summary 39
References 40
CHAPTER 2
Radio Systems 43
2.1 Overview 43
2.2 Radio Systems and Radio Spectrum 44
2.2.1 Diversity of Radio Systems 44
2.2.2 RF Spectrum and Its Utilization 45
2.3 Radio Communication Systems 48
2.3.1 General 48
2.3.2 Communication Txs and Rxs 51
2.3.3 Channel Coding, Modulation, and Spreading 55
2.4 Other Radio Systems 59
2.4.1 Broadcasting Systems 59
2.4.2 Radio Navigation and Positioning Systems 61
2.4.3 Radio Methods in Positioning and Geolocation 65
vii
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viii Contents
2.4.4 Radar and EW Systems 68
2.5 Summary 70
References 72
CHAPTER 3
Digital Transmitters 75
3.1 Overview 75
3.2 Digital Tx Basics 76
3.2.1 Txs of Different Categories of Digital Radios 76
3.2.2 Architecture of a Digital Tx 77
3.2.3 Direct Digital Synthesis 80
3.3 D&R in a Digital Tx 86
3.3.1 Digitization of TDP Input Signals 86
3.3.2 Reconstruction of TDP Output Signals 89
3.3.3 Comparison of Reconstruction Techniques and Conversion
Block Architectures 96
3.4 Power Utilization Improvement in Txs 100
3.4.1 Power Utilization in Txs with Energy-Efficient Modulation 100
3.4.2 AQ-DBPSK Modulation 102
3.4.3 Power Utilization in Txs with Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation 107
3.5 Summary 108
References 109
CHAPTER 4
Digital Receivers 113
4.1 Overview 113
4.2 Digital Rx Basics 114
4.2.1 First Steps of Digital Radio Development 114
4.2.2 Main Characteristics of Rxs 117
4.2.3 Digital Rxs and Txs 122
4.3 Dynamic Range of a Digital Rx 126
4.3.1 Factors Limiting Rx Dynamic Range 126
4.3.2 Intermodulation 128
4.3.3 Required Dynamic Range of an HF Rx 136
4.4 Digitization in a Digital Rx 140
4.4.1 Baseband Digitization 140
4.4.2 Bandpass Digitization 142
4.4.3 Comparison of Digitization Techniques and Architectures
of AMFs 145
4.5 Demodulation of Energy-Efficient Signals 148
4.5.1 Demodulation of Differential Quadrature Phase-Shift
Keying Signals with DS Spreading 148
4.5.2 Demodulation of AQ-DBPSK Signals 151
4.6 Summary 157
References 159
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Contents ix
CHAPTER 5
Sampling Theory Fundamentals 163
5.1 Overview 163
5.2 S&I from a Historical Perspective 164
5.2.1 Need for S&I at the Dawn of Electrical Communications 164
5.2.2 Discovery of Classical Sampling Theorem 165
5.2.3 Sampling Theory After Shannon 167
5.3 Uniform Sampling Theorem for Baseband Signals 169
5.3.1 Sampling Theorem and Its Constructive Nature 169
5.3.2 Interpretations of Sampling Theorem 177
5.3.3 Baseband S&I Corresponding to Indirect Interpretation 184
5.4 Uniform Sampling Theorem for Bandpass Signals 187
5.4.1 Baseband S&I of Bandpass Signals 187
5.4.2 Bandpass S&I of Bandpass Signals 189
5.4.3 Comparison of Baseband and Bandpass S&I of Bandpass
Signals 193
5.5 Summary 194
References 195
CHAPTER 6
Realization of S&I in Digital Radios 199
6.1 Overview 199
6.2 S&I Based on the Sampling Theorem’s Indirect Interpretation 200
6.2.1 Sampling Based on the Indirect Interpretation 200
6.2.2 Interpolation Based on the Indirect Interpretation 205
6.3 S&I Based on the Sampling Theorem’s Hybrid Interpretation 207
6.3.1 Sampling Based on the Hybrid Interpretation 207
6.3.2 Interpolation Based on the Hybrid Interpretation 212
6.4 S&I Based on the Sampling Theorem’s Direct Interpretation 215
6.4.1 Sampling Based on the Direct Interpretation 215
6.4.2 Interpolation Based on the Direct Interpretation 219
6.5 Channel Mismatch Mitigation 222
6.5.1 Approaches to the Problem 222
6.5.2 Separation of Signal and Error Spectra 222
6.5.3 Channel Mismatch Compensation 224
6.6 Selection and Implementation of Weight Functions 226
6.6.1 Theoretical Basis 226
6.6.2 B-Spline-Based Weight Functions 229
6.6.3 Additional Remarks on Weight Function Implementation 233
6.7 Need for Hybrid and Direct Interpretations 234
6.7.1 Evaluation of Hybrid and Direct Interpretations’ Advantages 234
6.7.2 Two-Stage Spatial Suppression of ISs 236
6.7.3 Virtual-Antenna-Motion-Based Spatial Suppression of ISs 238
6.8 Summary 244
References 246
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