Siblings in Adoption and Foster Care This page intentionally left blank Siblings in Adoption and Foster Care Traumatic Separations and Honored Connections EDITED BY DEBORAH N. SILVERSTEIN AND SUSAN LIVINGSTON SMITH Foreword by Adam Pertman LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Siblingsinadoptionandfostercare:traumaticseparationsandhonoredconnections/ editedbyDeborahN.SilversteinandSusanLivingstonSmith. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978–0–313–35143–3(alk.paper) 1. Adoptedchildren—Familyrelationships.2. Fosterchildren—Familyrelationships.3. Brothersandsisters. I.Silverstein,Deborah,1947–II.Smith,SusanLivingston. HV875.S54 2009 362.73085’5—dc22 2008033668 BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable. Copyright©2009byDeborahN.SilversteinandSusanLivingstonSmith Allrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybe reproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withoutthe expresswrittenconsentofthepublisher. LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2008033668 ISBN:978–0–313–35143–3 Firstpublishedin2009 PraegerPublishers,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881 AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc. www.praeger.com PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththe PermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNational InformationStandardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Toallthechildren,who,throughnofaultoftheirown,wereseparatedfromtheir siblings.Andtoalltheparents,socialworkers,therapists,childadvocates,legis- lators,anddecenthumanbeingswhotrytopreventthatheartbreakortrytoright thatwrong. This page intentionally left blank Contents ForewordbyAdamPertman ix Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv ListofAbbreviations xvii 1.Full,Half,Step,Foster,Adoptive,andOther:TheComplexNature 1 ofSiblingRelationships DianeF.Halpern 2.SiblingsinFosterCareandAdoption:WhatWeKnow 13 fromResearch SusanLivingstonSmith 3.SiblingConnections:TheImportanceofNurturingSiblingBonds 27 intheFosterCareSystem MaryAnneHerrickandWendyPiccus 4.TheExperienceofSiblingLossintheAdjustmentofFosterand 43 AdoptedChildren DavidBrodzinsky viii Contents 5.TheRightsofSiblingsinFosterCareandAdoption: 57 ALegalPerspective WilliamWesleyPatton 6.SiblingIssuesinOpenAdoptionArrangements:Non-biologically 69 RelatedAdoptedSiblings’ExperienceswithBirth-FamilyContact JericaM.Berge,KevinM.Green,HaroldGrotevant, andRuthMcRoy 7.KeepingSiblingConnectionAlive 83 SharonRosziaandCynthiaRoe 8.TheCreationofaFalseSelf:ASurvivalStrategyforSiblingsof 95 WoundedAdoptedorFosterChildren MichaelTrout 9.‘‘Suddenly,Sisters!’’:SiblingAdjustmentinReunion 109 SusanThompsonUnderdahl 10.PracticeStrategiestoPreserveSiblingRelationships 123 DeborahN.SilversteinandSusanLivingstonSmith 11.MentalHealthStrategiestoSupportSiblingRelationships: 139 NonverbalInterventionstoProcessTraumaandMaintainthe SiblingBond MargaretCreek 12.PermanencyforSiblingsinKinshipFamilies 153 CarolBiddleandCarolJ.Bishop Conclusion:WhatHaveWeLearned?WhereDoWeNeedtoGo? 165 SusanLivingstonSmithandDeborahN.Silverstein References 167 Index 183 AbouttheEditorsandContributors 191