Shocks in Astrophysics: Proceedings of an International Conference held at UMIST, Manchester, England from January 9–12, 1995 PDF
Preview Shocks in Astrophysics: Proceedings of an International Conference held at UMIST, Manchester, England from January 9–12, 1995
SHOCKS IN ASTROPHYSICS SHOCKS IN ASTROPHYSICS Proceedings of an International Conference held at UMIST, Manchester, England from January 9-12, 1995 Edited by T. J. MILLAR UM/Sf, Manchester, United Kingdom and A. C. RAGA UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico Reprinted from Astrophysics and Space Science Volume 233, Nos. 1-2, 1995 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-7225-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-1624-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-1624-1 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Publisher's Note vii Preface ix J. MEABURN I Circumstellar Shocks (R) K.-H. BOHM I The Observational Study of Herbig-Haro Shock Waves (R) II P.W.J.L. BRAND I IR Observations of Shock Waves in the Interstellar Medium (R) 27 J.A. TEDDS, P.W.J.L. BRAND, M.G. BRAND, A CHRYSOSTOMOU, and AJ.L. FERNANDES I Observations of Shocked H2 and [FEn] Line Profiles in Orion Bullet Wakes (C) 39 A FERNANDES, P.W.J.L. BRAND, and M. BURTON I H2 Fluorescence in HH7 and DR21 (C) 45 c.J. DAVIS, R. MUNDT, J. EISLOFFEL, and T.P. RAY I Shocks in the L1551-IRS5 Outflow Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging (P) 51 J. EISLOFFEL and R. MUNDT I Proper Motion Measurements in Various Young Stellar Object Jets in Taurus (P) 55 J. EISLOFFEL and C.J. DAVIS I Near-Infrared Imaging in H2 of Molecular (CO) Outflows from Young Stars (P) 59 A NORIEGA-CRESPO and P.M. GARNA VICH I NIR Spectroscopy and Molecular Shocks in Herbig-Haro 1 (P) 63 M.J. RICHTER, J.R. GRAHAM, G.S. WRIGHT, D.M. KELLY, and J.H. LACY I H2 in Molecular Shocks: Observations from 2 to 12 Microns (P) 67 AS.B. SCHULTZ, D. RANK, P. TEMI, and D. HARKER I Shocked Molecular Hydrogen in the LkHa 234 Region (P) 71 J. MEABURN, M. BRYCE, and AJ. HOLLOWAY I Smoke Rings around Supernova 1987A (P) 75 S. CABRIT I Models of Molecular Outflows (R) 81 T.W. HARTQUIST I Multifluid Models of Shocks in Magnetized Interstellar Molecular Clouds (R) 97 B.T. DRAINE I Grain Destruction in Interstellar Shock Waves (R) III E. ROUEFF, G. PINEAU DES FORETS, and D.R. FLOWER I The Importance of Chemical Data for the Study of Interstellar Shocks (R) 125 S.D. TAYLOR and AC. RAGA I Molecular Mixing Layers in Stellar Outflows (C) 139 GARRELT MELLEMA and ADAM FRANK I Shock Focusing and Jet Collimation in Young Stars (0) 145 C. DOMINIK, AP. JONES, and AG.G.M. TIELENS I Disintegration of Dust Ag- gregates in Interstellar Shocks and the Lifetime of Dust Grains in the ISM (P) 155 J.M.C. RAWLINGS and T.W. HARTQUIST I Molecular Diagnostics of Diffusive Boundary Layers (P) 161 AC. RAGA and J. CANTO I HH30: The Interaction of a Herbig-Haro Jet with a Stratified Medium? (P) 165 A. HORVATH, JR. and L.V. TOTH I Low Velocity Shock-Cloud Encounters I. Two Dimcnsional Hydrodynamical Model (P) 169 L.V. TOTH, A. HORVATH, JR., and L.A. HAl KALA I Low Velocity Shock-Cloud Encounters II. Observations and Interpretation (P) 175 A. HETEM, JR.I Shocks of High Velocity Clouds and the Galactic Disk: 3D Numerical Simulations (P) 181 I. O'BRIEN I Non-Thermal Excitation of H2 in Molecular Clouds (P) 185 A.e. QUILLEN and e.B. QUILLEN I Phase Transitions in the ISM - A Source of Dissipative Behaviour (P) 189 M.P. REDMAN, RJ.R. WILLIAMS, and J.E. DYSON I All's Knot Quiet on the Recombination Front (P) 195 J.E. DYSON, R.J.R. WILLIAMS, and J.J. PERRY I Flows and Shocks in Active Galaxies and Their Nuclei (R) 199 M.A. DOPITA IPhotoionising Shocks in SNRs and AGN (R) 215 J.e. RAYMOND I Diagnostics of Supernova Remnant Shock Waves (R) 231 S.A.E.G. FALLE I Shock Instabilities (R) 239 L. O'e. DRURY I Particle Acceleration in Shocks (R) 251 M. CONTINI I Composite Models (Shock and Photoionisation) for the Interpretation of AGN Spectra (C) 261 B.-I. JUN and M.L. NORMAN I MHD Simulations of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in Young Supernova Remnants (C) 267 A.J. LIM I A Distribution Function Calculation of the Ha Profiles of SNR Filaments (C) 273 A. PEDLAR and T.W.B. MUXLOW I Supernova Remnants in the Starburst Galaxy M82 (C) 281 V.V. BYCHKOV and M.A. LIBERMAN I Self-Consistent Theory of White Dwarf Burning in Supernova Ia Events (C) 287 A. FELDMEIER, J. PULS, e. REILE, A.W.A. PAULDRACH, R.P. KUDRITZKI, and S.P. OWOCKI I Shocks and Shells in Hot Star Winds (C) 293 G. TOTH I Simulations of the Wardle Instability of C-Type Shock Waves (P) 301 R. BANDIERA and M. SALV AT I I A Numerical Method for Particle Acceleration in Shocks(P) 307 S. HIGGINS, T.J. O'BRIEN, and J. DUNLOP I The Deflection of Jets by Clouds (P) 311 H.M. LLOYD, T.J. O'BRIEN, and M.P. BODE I Interacting Winds in Classical Nova Outbursts (P) 317 J.M. PORTER I The Location and X-Ray Emission of Shocks around Isolated Be Stars ~ 3TI P.P. BROWNE I Bipolar Outflows from Stars and Galaxies as a Tornado Phenomenon ~ 3W PUBLISHER'S NOTE From January 1 1996, major changes in the editorial procedures of Astrophysics and Space Science will be implemented. From that date, authors should submit manuscripts directly to the Editorial Office in Dordrecht at the address given below and NOT to the Editors. Manuscripts submitted directly to the Editors may experience delays. Astrophysics and Space Science Journals Editorial Office Kluwer Academic Publishers P.O. Box 17 3300 AA Dordrecht The Netherlands Preface This volume contains the proceedings of an international conference on Shocks in Astrophysics held at UMIST, Manchester, England from January 9-12, 1995. The study of interstellar and circumstellar gas dynamics has a long and distinguished history in Manchester and has been almost entirely concentrated in the school founded by Franz Kahn in the Astronomy Department, University of Manchester. In January 1993, one of us (AR) was appointed to the faculty of the Astrophysics Group in the Department of Mathematics at UMIST and astrophysical gas dynam ics became a major interest of the Group. The subject of this conference was chosen partly for the topicality of the subject matter and partly to help synthesise this expertise with the expertise in interstellar chemistry already present in the Group. The first fruits of this synthesis are contained in this volume. As it happened, this conference celebrated, not so much the beginnings of a long and fruitful collabo ration, but rather gave many of Alex's friends the chance to say a fond farewell as he departed UMIST at the end of January 1995 to take up a chair at UNAM, Mexico City. The core of this volume consists of twelve review articles, marked (R) in the list of contents, incorporating observational and theoretical studies of shock waves in a variety of situations from Herbig-Haro objects to Supernova Remnants to Active Galactic Nuclei. We have also included the contributed (C) and poster (P) papers. The efficacy of including the latter is much debated, particularly by book review ers, but we felt the speed of publication promised by Kluwer meant that even short papers could play an important role in showing the breadth of the subject and in giving participants the opportunity to present exciting new results to the wider community. Finally, we decided to omit the discussions from the published volume. Partly this was because there could be no recorded discussions of poster papers which is often where the comments which are most debatable and contain the most insight are made-partly because all authors were encouraged to incorporate rele vant discussion into their articles and, most importantly, because the participants were encouraged to 'show their ignorance' during the discussion periods. A careful reading of the articles in this volume, however, will show that this field of research continues to be very active and central to many of the major issues in astronomy and astrophysics. The availability of ever-increasing computer power means that major advances, and perhaps even consensus, in oui" understanding of subjects as diverse as molecular outflows in star-forming regions and the relationship between black holes and active galactic nuclei can be expected in the next 5-10 years. The conference was supported financially by the Collaborative Computational Project No.7 (on The Analysis of Astronomical Spectra, by the Astronomy Group in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester, and by the Astrophysics Group in the Department of Mathematics at UMIST. We are grateful to them. This volume marks the end of a 30 year association between the Astrophysics Group and the Department of Mathematics at UMIST. On August 1st 1995, the Group transfers to the Department of Physics at UMIST. We expect that the tradition of Manchester Conferences on Astrophysics will continue in our new home. T. J. Millar A. C. Raga Department of Physics Instituto de Astronomfa UMIST UNAM Manchester Mexico City CIRCUMSTELLAR SHOCKS J. MEABURN Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester Oxford Rd., Manchester, M1S 9PL, UK Abstract. The presence of shocks in a wide variety of circumstellar phenomena will be illustrated and discussed. Key words: Shocks - Circumstellar Medium 1. Introduction Shocks are shown to play a part in the formation of a wide variety of cir cumstellar phenomena. Here, evidence for shocks will be presented i) in the giant halo of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6543, ii) within the episodic, bi-polar jets from the PN Fleming 1, iii) in the nebulosity around the Lumi nous Blue Variables (LBVs) P Cygni and Eta Carinae and iv) around the newly formed low mass stars (YSOs) near the Trapezium stars in the Orion nebula (M 42). 2. The Giant Halo of NGC 6543 The faint, giant, outer halo of the PN NGC 6543 is most likely a consequence of the earliest ejection of mass from the progenitor star during its Red Giant phase. This view has been substantiated by measurements of its bulk motions which have indicated an expansion velocity of::::; 10 km s-1 (Bryce et al1992). Consequently, it seemed surprising that this halo not only is exceptionally bright in the [0 m]5007 A emission line but also has an electron temperature of Te = 14 700 ± 850 K from the [0 m]5007 A/4363 A intensity ratio (Middlemass et al1989). A measurement of Te = 8860 ± 1000 K from the widths of the Ha and [N II]6584 A line profiles from precisely the same region (Meaburn et al1991) adds to the puzzle. The latter method for measuring T e is often unreliable because of significantly different turbulent motions in the two lines. However, it can be applied with accuracy in such a kinematically inert halo. The model in Fig. 1 which involves additional heating of the radiatively ionized gas of the halo by low Mach shocks appears to resolve many of these apparent contradictions. Here, an ablated wind percolates out from the nebular core at 20 km s-1 to form a non-radiative bow shock around the radiatively ionized surface of a halo globule. Additional heat is given to the immediate post-shock gas where the [0 m]5007 A line is emitted, Astrophysics and Space Science 233: 1-10, 1995. © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers. 2 J. MEAB URN hard UV photons , , , Bo ... shock , , , ,/:'-- ~Ifron ts A ,15000K .. :'c,• ..., ':"• . / c :<:.~.: globule '-, 9000K ~>-'.: , , 0 20km {' ... ind ~ "::-::-Skm S-I B V observer Fig. L A schematic model is shown of the interaction of the mass - loaded wind with a clump in the giant halo of NGC 6543. Faint and diffuse Ha & [0 m]5007 A emission will be seen from region A. Bright [0 m]5007 A emission will be predominant from the high temperature region B immediately behind the bow - shock whereas Ha will predominate from the cooled region C. to raise the temperature of this region, whereas substantial cooling occurrs for the more diffuse Hu emission region further from the shock. Both the high [0 m]5007 A brightness and the temperature discrepancy are therefore explained. 3. The Hi-polar, Episodic Jets of Fleming 1 Lopez, Roth & Tapia (1993) discovered two diametrically opposite strings of lowly ionized knots extending I' on either side of the bright core of PN Fleming 1 (see Fig 2). They proposed their ejection by a bi-polar, rotating, episodic jet from the nebular core. Observations of the kinematics of these strings of knots (Lopez, Meaburn & Palmer 1993) with the Manchester echelle spectrometer (MES - Meaburn et al. 1984) clearly confirmed this model for the radial velocity
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