Table Of Content

Shca01.fm Page i Tuesday, March 27, 2001 12:10 PM Ship Construction Shca01.fm Page ii Tuesday, March 27, 2001 12:10 PM Shca01.fm Page iii Tuesday, March 27, 2001 12:10 PM Ship Construction Fifth edition D. J. Eyres M.Sc., F.R.I.N.A. Formerly Lecturer in Naval Architecture Department of Maritime Studies Plymouth Polytechnic (now University of Plymouth) OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI Shca01.fm Page iv Tuesday, March 27, 2001 12:10 PM Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 1972 Second edition 1978 Third edition 1988 Fourth edition 1994 Reprinted 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 Fifth edition 2001 © D. J. Eyres 1972, 1978, 1988, 1994, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Eyres, D. J. (David John) Ship construction – 5th ed. 1. Shipbuilding 2. Naval architecture I. Title 623.8′2 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Eyres, David J. Ship construction/David J. Eyres. – 5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Shipbuilding. 2. Naval architecture. I. Title. VM145.E94 2001 623.8′3–dc21 2001025515 ISBN 0 7506 4887 2 www.bh.com Typeset in India at Integra Software Services Pvt Ltd, Pondicherry, India 605005, www.integra-india.com Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books Ltd, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents......................................... vii Preface............................................ ? Acknowledgments......................... I Part 1 Introduction to Shipbuilding................................... 1 1 Basic Design of the Ship............................ 1 Preparation of the Design..................................... 1 Information Provided by Design............................ 4 Purchase of a New Vessel.................................... 6 Ship Contracts...................................................... 7 2 Ship Dimensions and Form........................ 2 3 Development of Ship Types....................... 3 Dry Cargo Ships.................................................... 3 Bulk Carriers......................................................... 19 Oil Tankers............................................................ 21 Passenger Ships................................................... 26 Part 2 Materials and Strength of Ships............................................... 2 4 Classification Societies.............................. 4 Lloyd(cid:144)s Register Classification Symbols ............... 34 Structural Design Programs.................................. 35 Periodical Surveys................................................ 36 Damage Repairs................................................... 38 5 Steels......................................................... 5 Manufacture of Steels........................................... 5 Heat Treatment of Steels...................................... 41 Steel Sections....................................................... 42 Shipbuilding Steels............................................... 42 High Tensile Steels............................................... 43 Steel Castings....................................................... 44 Steel Forgings....................................................... 44 6 Aluminium Alloy.......................................... 6 Production of Aluminium....................................... 47 Fire Protection....................................................... 50 7 Testing of Materials.................................... 7 Classification Society Tests for Hull Materials...... 53 8 Stresses to which a Ship is Subject........... 8 Vertical Shear and Longitudinal Bending in Still Water.................................................................... 8 Bending Moments in a Seaway............................ 8 Longitudinal Shear Forces.................................... 58 Bending Stresses.................................................. 58 Transverse Stresses............................................. 62 Local Stresses...................................................... 62 Brittle Fracture...................................................... 63 Fatigue Failures.................................................... 66 Part 3 Welding and Cutting........... 3 9 Welding and Cutting Processes used in Shipbuilding................................................... 9 Gas Welding......................................................... 70 Electric Arc Welding.............................................. 72 Other Welding Processes..................................... 81 Cutting Processes................................................. 84 10 Welding Practice and Testing Welds....... 10 Welding Practice................................................... 10 Welding Sequences.............................................. 93 Testing Welds....................................................... 96 Non-destructive Testing........................................ 98 Classification Society Weld Tests......................... 102 Part 4 Shipyard Practice............... 4 11 Shipyard Layout....................................... 11 12 Ship Drawing Offices and Loftwork.......... 12 Loftwork Following Drawing Office........................ 114 13 Plate and Section Preparation and Machining...................................................... 13 Plate and Section Preparation.............................. 13 Plate and Section Machining................................ 120 Frame Bending..................................................... 126 14 Prefabrication........................................... 14 Sub-assemblies.................................................... 133 Unit Fabrication..................................................... 133 Outfit Modules....................................................... 135 Unit Erection......................................................... 136 Joining Ship Sections Afloat................................. 138 15 Launching................................................. 15 End Launches....................................................... 15 Side Launches...................................................... 151 Building Docks...................................................... 151 Ship Lifts............................................................... 152 Part 5 Ship Structure..................... 5 16 Bottom Structure...................................... 16 Keels..................................................................... 16 Single Bottom Structure........................................ 157 Double Bottom Structure....................................... 157 Machinery Seats................................................... 167 17 Shell Plating and Framing........................ 17 Shell Plating.......................................................... 17 Framing................................................................. 170 Tank Side Brackets............................................... 172 Local Strengthening of Shell Plating..................... 172 Bilge Keel.............................................................. 178 18 Bulkheads and Pillars............................... 18 Bulkheads............................................................. 18 Watertight Doors................................................... 190 Deep Tanks........................................................... 192 Topside Tanks...................................................... 194 Shaft Tunnel.......................................................... 194 Pillars.................................................................... 195 19 Decks, Hatches, and Superstructures...... 19 Decks.................................................................... 19 Hatches................................................................. 207 Bulwarks............................................................... 210 Superstructures and Deckhouses......................... 213 20 Fore End Structure................................... 20 Stem...................................................................... 20 Bulbous Bows....................................................... 219 Chain Locker......................................................... 221 Hawse Pipes......................................................... 222 Bow Steering Arrangements................................. 224 Bow Thrust Units................................................... 224 21 Aft End Structure...................................... 21 Stern Construction................................................ 21 Stern Frame.......................................................... 228 Rudders................................................................ 228 Steering Gear........................................................ 232 Sterntube.............................................................. 234 Shaft Bossing and (cid:143)A(cid:144) Brackets ............................ 234 Propellers.............................................................. 236 22 Tanker Construction................................. 22 Oil Tankers............................................................ 22 Materials for Tanker Construction......................... 244 Construction in Tank Spaces................................ 245 Double Hull Construction...................................... 249 Bulkheads............................................................. 249 Hatchways............................................................ 250 Testing Tanks....................................................... 251 Fore End Structure................................................ 251 After End Structure............................................... 252 Superstructures..................................................... 253 Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessels................................................................. 253 Chemical Tankers................................................. 254 23 Liquefied Gas Carriers............................. 23 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)............................ 23 Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)................................ 23 The IMO International Gas Carrier Code.............. 257 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Ships............................ 259 Liquefied Natural Gas Ships................................. 262 General Arrangement of Gas Carriers.................. 264 Lloyd(cid:144)s Classification ............................................ 264 Part 6 Outfit.................................... 6 24 Derricks, Masts, and Rigging................... 24 Masts and Sampson Posts................................... 24 Derrick Rigs.......................................................... 270 Deck Cranes......................................................... 279 25 Cargo Access, Handling and Restraint.... 25 Stern and Bow Doors............................................ 25 Ramps................................................................... 282 Side Doors and Loaders....................................... 283 Portable Decks...................................................... 285 Scissors Lift........................................................... 286 Cargo Restraint..................................................... 286 26 Pumping and Piping Arrangements......... 26 Bilge and Ballast Pumping and Piping.................. 26 General Service Pipes and Pumping.................... 292 Air and Sounding Pipes........................................ 293 Sea Inlets.............................................................. 293 Cargo Pumping and Piping Arrangements in Tankers................................................................. 294 27 Corrosion Control and Paint Systems...... 27 Nature and Forms of Corrosion............................ 27 Corrosion Control.................................................. 304 Paints.................................................................... 307 Protection by Means of Paints.............................. 310 28 Ventilation, Refrigeration, and Insulation....................................................... 28 Ventilation............................................................. 28 Refrigeration......................................................... 319 Insulation............................................................... 319 Refrigerated Container Ships................................ 322 Part 7 International Regulations .. 7 29 International Maritime Organization......... 29 Organization of IMO.............................................. 29 Work of IMO.......................................................... 29 Relationship with National Authorities................... 328 Relationship with Classification Societies............. 329 30 Tonnage................................................... 30 International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships 1969................................. 30 Tonnages.............................................................. 30 Measurement........................................................ 331 Compensated Tonnage........................................ 332 31 Load Line Rules....................................... 31 Freeboard Computation........................................ 31 Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard................ 338 32 Structural Fire Protection......................... 32 Requirements........................................................ 32 (cid:143)A(cid:144), (cid:143)B(cid:144) and (cid:143)C(cid:144) Class Divisions ............................. 344 Openings in Fire Protection Divisions................... 346 Protection of Special Category Spaces................ 347 Fire Protection Arrangements in High Speed Craft...................................................................... 347 Index............................................... 53(cid:150)4