sharing local and national experience in conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in south asia

260 Pages·2007·6.6 MB·English

ARCHIV
KARKI
no. 120935
SHARING LOCAL AND
NATIONAL EXPERIENCE
IN CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL
AND
AROMATIC PLANTS IN SOUTH ASIA
DPC
SHARING LOCAL AND
NATIONAL EXPERIENCE
IN CONSERVATION OF MEDICINAL
AND
AROMATIC PLANTS IN SOUTH ASIA
of the held at
Proceedings workshop
Pokhara, Nepal
21-23 January 2001
Editors
Nirmal Bhattarai
Madhav Karki
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Program in Asia (MAPPA),
InternationalD evelopment Research Centre (IDRC), Canada
South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India;
Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation, HMG/Nepal
and
Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
October 2002
@ 2002 International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Program in Asia (MAPPA) is a joint initiation of
International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Canada & Ford Foundation.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includingp hotocopy,r ecording or
any information storage and retrieval system, without permissioni n writing from the
publisher.
The presentation of materials in this publication and in maps that appear herein does
not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of MAPPAo r IDRC concerning the
legal status of any country, or the delineation of frontiers or boundaries.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA)
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
South Asia Regional Office (SARO)
208 Jor Bagh
New Delhi 110003
INDIA
and
Design production:
Art
Options
Tel: [phone] Telefax: 26510589
Email: [email protected]
HM G/Nepal
Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (MFSC) is the principal agency assigned
with the policy-making, project implementation, forest resourcem anagement
and coordination tasks of the Government of Nepal in the field of forest and
related natural resources. It has five functional departments separately for forest,
soil conservation, research, wildlife and plant resourcesa nd a number of
corporations. The ministry has recently set up a National NTFP and Jadibuti
Development Committee under the chairmanship of the Minister with members
representing all the majors takeholders which will set policies, coordinate research
and development activities and carry out, and bring various partners together
for achieving the goal of sustainable use of medicinal and NTFP resources. The
secretariat of the committee is located in the Departmento f Plant Resources of
the MFSC with which MAPPA plans to work in future.
IDRC CRDI
The InternationalD evelopmentR esearchC entre (IDRC) is a public corporation
established by the Parliament of Canada in 1970. The Centre was created to help
communities in the developing world find practical solutions to the social,
economic, and environmental problems they face. Support is directed toward
broadening local knowledge and capacity to enable communitiest o build healthier,
more equitable, and more prosper societies. IDRC supports innovations within
South —creative, effective, long-term solutions to development problems that
work in local conditions. In doing so, IDRC also strengthens the overall capability
of research institutions to generatep olicies and technologies that can help create
more equitable societies. The Governmento f Canada finances IDRC; its policies
are however set by an international Board of Governors. The Centre's headquarter
is located in Ottawa, Canada. There are six regional offices located in Africa, Asia
and Latin America.
MAPPA
The Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program in Asia (MAPPA) is a program of
strategic research, networkinga nd collaboration to comprehensively address
critical research issues related to the sustainable and equitable use of medicinal
and aromatic plants in Asia. Through collaboration and partnerships, and based
within a regional approach to these issues, MAPPA is involved in formulating
and implementing a holistic program which will complement and build on other
related research and development activities in South Asia.
The general objective of MAPPA is to enhance the sustainable and equitable use
of medicinal and aromatic plant resourcesi n Asia. Initially, MAPPA is focusing
its research and developmente fforts in South Asia region only. This will be
achieved by supporting strategic research, building partnershipsa mong the key
stakeholders including donors, and enhancing regional and international
networking.
Photographs on the cover page (from left to right):
1. Taxus wallichiana Zucc. (Taxaceae)
2. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo (Orchidaceae)
3. Butea monosperma( Lam.) Kuntze (Papilionaceae)
Contents
FOREWORD 7
INAUGURAL STATEMENTS 9
Welcome Statement 11
Madhav Karki
Message from Ford Foundation 13
Doris Capistrano
Inaugural Remark 15
Elizabeth Fajber
Inaugural Speech 17
Rabi Bahadur Bista
Remarks from the Chairperson 19
Danria J. Leaman
Vote of Thanks 21
AbhoyK. Das
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 23
THEME PAPERS 31
Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic products 33
in North America: Are there really lessons to be learned?
A. L. (Tom) Hammett and James Chamberlain
Improved harvesting,p rocessing and storage of medicinal plants: 42
Their role in conservation and quality of plant-based drugs
V. P. K. Nambiar
3
Sharing Local and National Experience in Conservationo fM edicala nd AromaticP lants in South Asia
Highlights and outcomes of the Conservation Assessment and 46
Management Planning (CAMP) Workshop, Pokhara, Nepal
Nirmal Bhattarai, V. Tandon and D. K. Ved
Policy and institutional bottlenecks: Possibilities for 54
NTFP development in Nepal
Keshav Raj Kanel
Recent trends in medicinal,p lants research 62
M. Iqbal Choudhary and Atta-ur-Rahman
POSTER PRESENTATIONS 67
LEARNINGF ROM CONSERVATIONE XPERIENCES
Conservation Assessmenta nd ManagementP lanning (CAMP) 69
for Prioritization of medicinal and aromatic plants in Nepal:
Commentso n behalf of the IUCN/SSCM edicinal Plant
Specialist Group (MPSG)
Danna J. Leaman
Health care development and medicinal plants conservation at Shey
Phoksundo National Park, Nepal
Y. Aumeeruddy Thomas, Y. C. Lama and S. K. Ghimire
Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plants by backyard home 93
garden for primary health care in Bangladesh
Ferdousi Begum
Developing methodologies for sustainable managemento f high 96
value medicinal and aromatic plants in Jumla district, Nepal
Sunil Regmi and Sagun Bista
Action research on non-timber forest products in central 101
mid-hills region, Nepal
Damodar P.
Parajuli
Resource base and conservation strategies of medicinal and 105
aromatic plants in Pakistan
Zahoor Ahmad and A. Ghafoor
4
Contents
Conservation and cultivation of medicinal plant genetic resources 110
in Pakistan
Shakeel Haider Zaidi
Local managemento f medicinal and aromatic plants in 122
Gorkha district, Nepal
Helle 0. Larsen
Community oriented conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants 130
in the Garhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal, India
Arun K. Badoni and Kiran Arun
Conserving medicinal plants in southern India 135
Ravi Kumar
Threatenedm edicinal plants of Maharashtras tate, India 139
P. Tetali
Sustainable model for the conservation and promotiono f non-timber 141
forest product species: Experiences from Chhatishgarhs tate, India
J. A. C. 5. Rao
POSTERP RESENTATIONS 143
STRATEGIES FOR EQUITABLE COMMERCIALIZATION
Commercial use of biodiversity and equity: Are they compatible? 145
Bhishma P. Subedi and Hemant R. Ojha
Conservation of non-timber forest products in the mid-western 163
Terai community forests of Nepal: A participatory approach
Rana B. Rawal
Motivating actions to sustain the medicinal plant resource of the 173
Indian sub-continent: Reports of the medicinal plant stakeholders' meet
Puslip K. lain
Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants: 179
IUCN's efforts in Nepal
Mohan Siwakoti and Sagendra Tiwari
Promotion of medicinal and aromatic plants by small farmers through 185
training and capacity building: Experience of the HPPCL, Nepal
Dhruv R. Bhattarai and Pradip Maharjan
5
Sharing Local andN ational Experience in Conservationo fM edicala nd Aromatic Plants in South Asia
An overview of medicinal and aromatic plant resourcesi n 188
Humla district, Nepal
Prem N. Kandel
International conventions and non-wood forest product trade:
Implications on conservation of biodiversity
Padam P. Bhojvaid
Conservation and commercialization of medicinal and aromatic 207
plants of the Terai region, Nepal
Rabindra N. Shukla
POSTERP RESENTATIONS 209
IMPROVINGT HE QUALITY OF TRADITIONALM EDICINE
Tengboche High Altitude Herbal Medicine Project: Experiences
in the Sagarmatha NationalP ark, Nepal
Kate Armstrong,M ichael W. Schmitz and Helen Cawley
Quality control of Ayurvedic medicines produced in 215
Ritigala area, Sri Lanka
L.Arambewela, S. Perera, M. Arawwawala and P. Dissanayake
Sustainability of traditional herbal medicines practiced in 220
Andhra Pradesh, India
S. Vedavat hy
Sustainable medicinal plants conservation in the JFM areas: 226
A case from Madhya Pradesh, India
Prodyut Bhattacharya and Bhaskar Mitra
Ethnobiotic alternatives to modern brooding techniques 238
Krishna Kaphie
Medicinal plants of Nepal in the Ayurvedic contexts 244
Narendra Nath Tiwari
EVALUATIONA ND RECOMMENDATIONS 245
Summary of participants' comments 247
Workshop recommendations for the sustainable management 257
of medicinal and aromatic plants
Workshop evaluation by the participants 259
6
FOREWORD
Human ingenuity, traditional knowledge makers, researchers, resourcem anagers,
and gains of modern science have conservation scientists, field workers,
enabled us to explore the unexplored, use development planners and community
the underused resources and unravel the organizers in a common forum whose
mystery or unknowns. However, the focus was on South Asia. As the
same knowledge and tools have also workshoph ad representationf rom cross-
allowed mankind to mine the sections of scientists, practitioners, field
environmental and natural resources researchers, government officials and
causing wanton destruction, biodiversity academia, it was a multi-disciplinary
loss and ecological imbalances. gathering. IDRC-based MAPPA program
Unsustainable extraction of medicinal in collaborationw ith the Ministry of Forest
plant wealth and resultant biodiversity & Soil Conservation (MFSC) and the
loss has been a cause of global concern, Institute of Forestry (JOF), Pokhara
which IDRC has embraced as one of the organized the workshop, which made it
thrust areas of its Sustainable Use of a multi-partnership effort as well.
Biodiversity Program Initiative (SUB PT).
For unavoidabler easons, the preparation
The planning and organization of the of the proceedings has been unduly
workshopo n Sharing Local and National delayed. We have attempted to include
Experience in Conservation ofM edicinal all the plenary and poster presentations
and Aromatic Plants in South Asia in this publication but due to lack of timely
have been primarily done as part of our submission of the abstracts and/orp apers,
pursuit to receive regular feedback from some poster presentations are not
our partners to inform, influence and included and only the summary note of
improve IDRC's research on medicinal some presentationsh ave been included.
plants in South Asia. The main objective It is our earnest hope that the combined
of the regional workshop was therefore package of information will be both
to discuss, share and develop ideas and of practical and academic use to the
experience in a participatory and multi- readers. The market place session was
disciplinary manner amongst the policy truly an open, participatory and valuable
Sharing Local and National Experience in Conservation ofM edicala nd Aromatic Plants in SouthA sia
component of the workshop the outcome
of which has been briefly summarised.
We would like to thank the contributors
of the papers and the posters for their
valuable presentations. The lead Editor
of the proceedings Dr. Nirmal Bhattarai
has done a commendable job of
interacting with almost all the authors
and obtaining their presentations for
which he deserves special thank from
JDRC and Ford Foundation - the joint
promoters of MAPPA.
You will note that we have included
the speeches made during the opening
session in the proceedings as we felt that
they provide an important source of
information regarding respective
organizations' policies and program. The
individual speakers' views also reflect
their rich and in
knowledge experience
the field of medicinal plants, which may
be useful and inspirational to the younger
generation of researchers and field
practitioners.
Finally, I thank everyone in MAPPA/
IDRC office and the publishing team for
their excellent technical work in bringing
out this
publication.
Madhav Karki, Ph.D.
Regional Program Coordinator,
MAPPA & Workshop Coordinator
8