Sharing Knowledge, Shaping Europe: US Technological Collaboration and Nonproliferation

240 Pages·2016·3.414 MB·English

by  John Krige

Sharing Knowledge, Shaping Europe
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Sharing Knowledge, Shaping Europe
US Technological Collaboration
and Nonproliferation
John Krige
The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
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© 2016 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic
or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and
retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher.
Set in Sabon by the MIT Press. Printed and bound in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Krige, John, author.
Title: Sharing knowledge, shaping Europe : U.S. technological collaboration
and nonproliferation / John Krige.
Description: Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, [2016] | Series: Transformations :
studies in the history of science and technology | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016001875 | ISBN 9780262034777 (hardcover : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Nuclear nonproliferation--Government policy--United States. |
Nuclear nonproliferation--Government policy--European Union countries. |
Nuclear industry--European Union countries. | Technology--International
cooperation--History--20th century. | Euratom. | United States--Foreign
relations--European Union countries. | European Union countries--Foreign
relations--United States.
Classification: LCC JZ5675 .K75 2016 | DDC 327.1/747094--dc23 LC record available at
http://lccn.loc.gov/2016001875
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Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Primary Sources xi
Introduction 1
1 The United States and the Promotion of Euratom, 1955–56:
Integration as an Instrument of Nuclear Non-Proliferation 17
2 The United States and Euratom, 1957–58: Constructing a Joint
Program for Nuclear Power 49
3 “A Substantial Sop,” or “Positive Disarmament”? Johnson, Erhard,
and Bilateral Space Collaboration 79
4 Integration and the Non-Proliferation of Ballistic Missiles: The
United States, the United Kingdom, and ELDO, 1966 97
5 Classification, Collaboration, and Competition: US-UK Relationships
in Gas-Centrifuge Uranium Enrichment in the 1960s 119
Conclusion 149
Notes 169
Bibliography 205
Index 217
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Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
This book has been on my mind for almost a decade. I first encountered
the use of technological collaboration as a tool of US foreign policy in my
work on Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace program and on NASA’s efforts
at international collaboration. On the face of it this is a straightforward Acknowledgments
idea. Working out its details in practice was challenging if only because it
was always embedded in a cluster of other foreign-policy concerns. The
dovetailing of technological collaboration with the promotion of Euro-
pean integration and the control of nuclear weapons and ballistic missile
technologies came to define my problematic, both opening doors and set-
ting limits on the scope of what I wrote.
These ideas have been developed in many talks and in some published
papers. I thank all those, too numerous to mention, who contributed to
my thinking as it evolved. However, this book goes beyond what I have
said or written before, enriching and improving my analyses. Two con-
ferences were particularly useful in this regard. The first was organized
by Bernd Greiner at the Hamburg Institute for Social Research. The sec-
ond was organized by Roland Popp and Andreas Wenger at the ETH in
Zurich. Those two gatherings exposed me to new thinking in Cold War
history and security/non-proliferation studies respectively, enabling me to
better contextualize the United States’ technological collaboration with
its European allies in the 1950s and the 1960s.
Some people deserve special mention. I have made extensive use of
newly declassified nuclear history documents that William Burr regularly
posts on the Internet accompanied by excellent commentaries. Bill also
gave me a good deal of help personally, for which I am most grateful. Two
of my colleagues at Georgia Tech, Dan Amsterdam and Jenny Smith, pro-
vided excellent feedback on several chapters. Mark Kramer was always
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