Sharing: Crime Against Capitalism PDF
Preview Sharing: Crime Against Capitalism
Contents Cover Title Copyright Acknowledgements 1 Introduction Sharing: Crime Against Capitalism? Alternative Business Models or Alternatives to Business? The Economics of Sharing and of Capitalism The Structure of the Book What Sharing? And (more to the point) What is Sharing? 2 Libraries and the Digital World Introduction Information: Culture or Capital Literacy, Education and Libraries Digital Revolutions One and Two Internet and Access Digital Commons: The Anarchist in the Library Orphan Works: The Capitalist in the Archive Libraries as Records of Ownership and/or the Common Heritage of Humanity Plagiarism vs. Piracy From Scarcity to Authority Conclusions: Free Culture or Fee Culture 3 Peer-to-Peer Music Sharing Online Introduction From CDs to Napster: The Rise of Peer-to-Peer From Napster to Now The Myth of The Recording Artist (Then and Now) The ‘Romantic’ Myth of the Recording Artist Why Sign? Why Not Sign? The Rise of Live Adaptive (iTunes and Spotify) vs. Alternative (Sharingand Selling- Based) Business Models Conclusions: Reversing the Menu and the Meal 4 Livestreaming and Television Rights Management Introduction The First Digital Revolution in Television: Pay-to-View Enclosure The Second Digital Revolution: Free-Sharing Livestreams Justin.TV, First Row Sports and Wiziwig: Network Enterprises and their Users Sky’s the Limit? The Limits of Power and Counterpower Conclusions: Power and Counterpower in Digital Networks 5 Open-Source Software and Proprietary Software Introduction The Spirit of the Information Age: Hackers, Rebel Code and Play Struggle Digital Rights Management Peer-to-Peer Software Non-Profit Organizations in the Information Economy Computer Games Platforms, Programmes and the Limits of Property Conclusions: Sharing, the Gift Economy, Play Struggle and Creativity 6 Publishing: Academic, Journalistic and Trade Introduction Academic Publishing Journalistic Publishing: The Editorial Nexus and Beyond? Trade Publishing: Capitalist Concentration The Long Tail and the Real Lives of Authors Is First Mover Advantage Enough? Conclusions: Recognition, Valuation and Innovation 7 Genes, Genetically Modified Organisms, Patents and Agribusiness Introduction ‘The Genetic Commons’: Human and Non-Human Nature Culture: Heritage and Public Sphere Discovery and Invention: On Patents and the Public Domain Science as Method and Colonial Appropriation ‘Reinventing’ ‘Nature’: Undoing the Discovery/Intention Distinction via Genetically Modified Organisms Patenting Human Gene Lines Terminator Genes and Food Security Alternatives and Critiques The Common Heritage of Humanity: Seeds, Plants and Farmers’ Rights Traditional Knowledge Banks Biopiracy against Whom? The Human Genome Project Public Knowledge? deCode Genetics, the Public as Private and Vice Versa The Eureka Myth Genetics and the Law Conclusions: Common Heritage and Sharing Knowledge Production 8 Pharmaceutical Patents and Generic Drugs Introduction Ebola AZT: A History of Control Bold Claims Who Pays and What Gets Bought? Patent and Medical Innovation One Way Street: The Case of Anthrax and National Security Generic Medicines Faking Fakes: The Attempt to Present Generics as Counterfeits HIV in South Africa, Brazil and Elsewhere Conclusions: Sharing Knowledge and Improving Human Health 9 Conclusions: Sharing – Crime against Capitalism Introduction The Efficiency of Sharing The Efficacy of Sharing: Fostering Quality and Access The Incentive Structures of Sharing Sharing’s Challenge to the Tragedy of the Anti-Commons Sharing and the Triumph of the Commons? Global Network Capitalism Power and Counterpower in the Global Network Society Only a Return – to Advertiser Funding? The Rise of ‘Live’: Unmediated Mediation The Criminalization or the Colonization of Free-Sharing? A Gift Economy? Sharing: A Crime Against Capitalism References Index End User License Agreement To Hilda Valerie (Val) David 1939–2016 Sharing Crime against Capitalism Matthew David polity Copyright © Matthew David 2017 The right of Matthew David to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2017 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-1-5095-1326-0 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.politybooks.com
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