Shaping the Canons of Ancient Greek Historiography: Imitation, Classicism, and Literary Criticism PDF
Preview Shaping the Canons of Ancient Greek Historiography: Imitation, Classicism, and Literary Criticism
Ivan Matijašić Shaping the Canons of Ancient Greek Historiography Beiträge zur Altertumskunde Herausgegeben von Susanne Daub, Michael Erler, Dorothee Gall, Ludwig Koenen und Clemens Zintzen Band 359 Ivan Matijašić Shaping the Canons of Ancient Greek Historiography Imitation, Classicism, and Literary Criticism ISBN 978-3-11-047512-8 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-047627-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-047543-2 ISSN 1616-0452 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Matijašić, Ivan, author. Title: Shaping the canons of ancient Greek historiography : imitation, classicism, and literary criticism / Ivan Matijašić. Other titles: Beiträge zur Altertumskunde ; Bd. 359. Description: Berlin ; Boston : Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. | Series: Beiträge zur Altertumskunde ; Band 359 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2018014907| ISBN 9783110475128 (print) | ISBN 9783110475432 (e-book (epub) | ISBN 9783110476279 (e-book (pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Greece--Historiography. | Historians--Greece. Classification: LCC DF211 .M38 2018 | DDC 938.0072--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018014907 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2018 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com A nono Mano (1928‒2013) Acknowledgements ThisbookstemsfromaPhDthesiswritteninItaliananddefendedattheScuola NormaleSuperiorediPisainJuly2015.CarmineAmpolo,LuigiBattezzato,Didier Marcotte,AstridMöller,LeonePorciani,MariaSerenaFunghi,andAnnaSantoni werethemembersofthecommitteethatawardedmyPhD:mygratitudeisdueto them all for the invaluable insights and suggestions that emerged during and after the discussion. My supervisor, Carmine Ampolo, kindly and steadily encouraged my re- search during my years in Pisa, where I also enjoyed the friendly and helpful supportofAnnaMagnettoandDonatellaErdas.DuringmyPhD,Ispenttheaca- demic year 2012‒2013 at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, where I benefitted from Astrid Möller’s hospitality and Hans-Joachim Gehrke’s renowned humanitas: I wish to thank them both for their help and encourage- ment during those two semesters in the Schwarzwald. I also benefitted greatly from the seminars they organised (“International Network Historiai”), which wereheldbothinFreiburgandMunich.IamlikewisegratefultoDidierMarcotte (Paris, formerly Reims) who gave me the opportunity to participate in research seminars in Reims and Madrid, where I also presented some of the results of myresearchonthecanonsofGreekhistoriography.Finally,Iwasinvitedtopres- entsomeofthechaptersofthisbookinPerugia:IwarmlythankFrancescoPron- tera for the invitation and hospitality. ThepublicationofabookisrarelyasolitaryandisolatedeffortandIamfor- tunate enough to have many friends and colleagues who read and commented onthebook(orportionsofthebook)andhelpedatdifferentstagesofthework. AudeCohen-Skalli(Aix/Marseille)andCarloFranco(Venice)readthewhole manuscript and offered extremely useful suggestions on both single points and generaldispositio:IdonotthinkIwillbeabletorepaythisdebt,andtheleastI can do is to use these lines to thank them warmly. ThephilologicalacumenofFilippomariaPontani(Venice)hasalwaysrepre- sentedavaluablebenchmarkformyownwork:thisbookisnoexception.Many ofthetopicsthatappearinthefollowingpageswerediscussedinalowvoicein the library of the Scuola Normale in Pisa: there I often met Leone Porciani (Pavia),whoseinsightfulobservationsguidedmethroughsomedebatedancient passages.AldoCorcella(Potenza)kindlyreadmyPhDthesisandofferedhisval- uable advice. I had the opportunity to discuss my work with Roberto Nicolai (Rome),FaustoMontana(Pavia),andIrenePajónLeyra(Seville)whoseremarks were extremely helpful. Franco Montanari (Genoa), Pietro Liuzzo (Hamburg), VIII Acknowledgements Claudio Biagetti (Rome), and Vera Grossi (Verona) generosly shared their pub- lishedandunpublishedwork.Itakethetimeherepubliclytothankallofthese. In Venice, I have the privilege to number among my friends Stefania De Vido,LucaMondin,OlgaTribulato,andFrancescoValerio.Theyhaveallencour- aged me throughout these years and offered their unconditional support. The book itself was conceived and written between Italy,Germany, and the UK. I had the opportunity to workas Postdoctoral Fellow first in Venice,under the supervision of Claudia Antonetti and Giovanella Cresci Marrone, then in Münster with Peter Funke, and in Berlin with Klaus Geus: to all of them I send my warmest gratitude. I also wish to thank the Gerda Henkel Foundation and the Center for International Cooperation of the Freie Universität Berlin for supporting my research. The School of History, Classics and Archaeology of theNewcastleUniversitygenerouslyfundedthepublicationofthisbook.Feder- icoSantangelo(Newcastle),whowasextremelysupportiveduringashortbutdif- ficult period, enthusiastically read the whole book in one of its latest versions: hiscommentswereextremelyvaluableandIwishtoexpresstohimmydeepest gratitude. MyparentsKlaraandRobert,andmywholefamily,haveneverfailedtoen- courage me in every possible way, expressing their love through pantagruelian mealsandexcellentwines.MywifeIrene,withwhomIsharemanycommonin- terests,except,fortunately,ClassicalStudies,hasalwaysbeenmystrongestsup- porter.When Itold her Iwasgoing to re-write my thesis in English for publica- tion, she exclaimed: “Why do you always have to choose the hardest way?” Despite her reservations, my hope is that native speakers will not get too an- noyed with any error or infelicities of language that might still linger here and there, for which I am solely responsible. ThisbookisdedicatedtothememoryofmygrandfatherHermanBuršić,who taught me the essence of history and the pleasure of hard work. Contents Abbreviations and Translations XIII Introduction 1 Ancient Literary Canons from Antiquity to the Present Day 7 . The Idea of Literary Canons in Ancient Thought 7 . Canon: A Brief History of the Word 13 . Greek Literature in the Hands of a Latin Grammarian: Quintilian’s Selection 18 . The Polemic on Ancient Canonical Literature from David Ruhnken to the First Half of the Twentieth Century 23 . Approaching Literary Canons from Different Perspectives: Weltliteratur and Distant Reading 31 Cicero, History-Writing, and Canonical Greek Historians 39 . Hellenistic Treatises on Greek Historiography 39 . What was Cicero’s Knowledge of the Greek Historians? 46 . Cicero’s Worthy Opinion (digna vox) on Greek Canonical Historians 49 . Minor Greek Historians in Cicero’s Writings 55 . Xenophon princeps philosophorum 58 Shaping the Canons: Dionysius’ Critical Essays 66 . Introduction on Dionysius’ Literary Circle and Critical Essays 66 . The Letter to Pompeius and the Canon of Greek Historiography 72 . How isa Historian Supposed to Write? Herodotus vs. Thucydides 73 . Worthy and Unworthy Historians: Xenophon, Philistus, Theopompus 78 . ATelling Absence: Ephorus and his Exclusion 86 . Thucydides in the Dock: Dionysius’ Judgement 88 . Dionysius’ Legacy: Challenging his Judgement on Thucydides 97 X Contents In the Wake of Classicism: Dionysius, Rome, and Classical Athens 103 . Classicism and Classical: A Diachronic Overview 103 . Dionysius’ Classicism and the Revival of Rhetoric 106 . The Canons of Greek Historiography Through the Lens of Classicism 112 . πραγματικὸς τόπος in Dionysius 117 . Dionysius’ Ιdeal Ηistorian: Theopompus 120 Canons Βefore the Canon: From Athens to Alexandria 123 . Thucydides’ Continuators and the Historical Cycle: Its Impact on Canon-Formation 123 . Isocrates and the Greek Historians 128 . The Peripatetic Tradition and Greek Historiography 135 . A Hellenistic Source for the First Century BCCanons? 142 . The Greek Historians in Alexandria 147 Greek Historians in the Classroom: Literary Critics and Progymnasmata 161 . Pseudo-Longinus’ On the Sublime and Demetrius’ On Style 161 . Aelius Theon’s Progymnasmata 168 . Late Antique Progymnasmata and Some Rhetorical Treatises 173 . The Greek Historians in Hermogenes and the Caesura in the Historiographical Canons 179 .. One Exception to the Rule: Theopompus in Menander Rhetor 183 . Hecataeus of Miletus’ Appearance in the Rhetorical Tradition and his Role in Hermogenes’ On the Categories of Style 185 From Dio Chrysostom to Late Antiquity: A Diachronic Analysis of the Canons of Greek Historiography 189 . The Narrowing Canon and the Effect of the Historical Cycle 189 . Roman Emperors and Classical Education in the Fourth Century AD 194 . Ausonius, Jerome, and the Greek Historians in a Latin Environment 200
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