Shakespeare’s Grammar

226 Pages·2003·44.519 MB·English

by  Jonathan Hope

1
SHAKESPEARE'S
GRAMMAR
1
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SHAKESPEARE'S
GRAMMAR
Jonathan Hope
Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare
An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc
&
LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY
Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare
An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

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Published in 2003 by The Arden Shakespeare
Reprinted 2003

© Jonathan Hope, 2003

Jonathan Hope has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act,
1988, to be identified as author of this work.

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accepted by Bloomsbury or the author.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: HB: 978-1-9034-3636-3
ePDF: 978-1-4742-4337-7
ePub: 978-1-4742-4338-4

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.

Typeset by Wyvern 21 Ltd, Bristol
THE AUTHOR
JONATHAN HOPE is Reader in Literary Linguistics at Strathclyde
University in Glasgow. His publications include The Authorship of
Shakespeare's Plays (Cambridge University Press, 1994) and Stylistics (with
Laura Wright, Routledge, 1996). He is Linguistics Adviser to the Arden
Shakespeare, and is currently working on a book for the Arden Critical
Companions Series to be entitled Shakespeare and Language.
To my grandparents
Robert Watson Hope
(born 2 October 1914)
Lilian Richardson
(born 21 April 1915)
James Rayner Lamb
(born 31 December 1915)
Dorothy Bowman
(born 17 November 1916)
CONTENTS
List of symbols and abbreviations xi
Acknowledgements xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
0.1 Abbott's Grammar and Shakespeare's Grammar 1
0.2 Using Shakespeare's Grammar: how to find things 3
0.3 Citation of texts: sources and conventions 5
0.4 Shakespeare's linguistic context 6
0.5 Further reading 8
PART 1: THE NOUN PHRASE 11
1.0a Overview: The stylistics of noun phrase use 13
1.0b Overview: The structure of the noun phrase 20
1.1 Pre-head elements: Determiners 25
1.1.0 Overview 25
1.1.0a Articles 25
1.1.0b Demonstratives 25
1.1.0c Possessives 26
1.1.Od Interrogatives 26
1.1.Oe Quantifiers 26
1.1.Of Numerals 26
1.1.Og Ordinals 27
1.1.1 Development of determiners from adjectives 27
1.1.2 Determiners used in different combinations or in
different senses 29
1.1.2a A/an in the sense of one/the same 29
1.1.2b Each/every/one for each of/every one of/none of 30
1.1.2c Each and everyone + noun treated as plurals 30
1.1.3 Deletion of determiners: the, a/an, possessives 31
1.1.3a Deletion of the 31
1.1.3b Deletion of possessive determiner 32
1.1.3c Deletion of a/an 32
1.1.4 Possession: 'genitive' constructions 33
1.1.4a Possessive pronouns 36
1.1.4b 5-genitive 37
1.1.4c Of construction 37
VIII CONTENTS
1.1.4d Double genitive 38
1.1.4e Absolute genitive 38
1.1.4f Zero genitive 38
1.1.4g His genitive 39
1.1.4h Split genitive 40
1.1.4i Orthography 40
1.2 Pre-head elements: Modification 43
1.2.0 Overview 43
1.2.1 Placement of adjectival phrases 44
1.2.2 Adjectives: scope 45
1.2.2a Location of effect 46
1.2.2b Subjectivization 49
1.2.2c Passivized 51
1.2.3 Adjectives: comparative and superlative 52
1.2.4 Adjectival inflections 54
1.2.5 Adjectives: compound adjectives 57
1.2.6 Nouns as pre-modifiers 58
1.2.7 Verb forms as pre-modifiers 59
1.2.8 Other parts of speech as pre-modifiers (conversion) 60
1.2.9 Complex pre-modifying structures 61
1.3 The head 63
1.3.0 Overview 63
1.3.1 Nouns: plural inflections 65
1.3.2 Pronouns 67
1.3.2.0 Overview 67
1.3.2a First person singular pronouns 70
1.3.2b Second person singular pronouns 72
1.3.2c Third person singular pronouns 83
1.3.2d First person plural pronouns 89
1.3.2e Second person plural pronouns 90
1.3.2f Third person plural pronouns 90
1.3.2g Anomalous pronouns 93
1.3.2h Reflexive pronouns 97
1.3.2i Dative pronouns (ethical dative) 99
1.3.2] Pronouns as nouns 101
1.3.3 Adjectives as heads of noun phrases 101
1.3.4 Determiners as heads of noun phrases 102
1.3.5 -ing forms as heads of noun phrase 102