Shakespeare and the Apocalypse Continuum Shakespeare Studies Passion, Moderation and Prudence in Shakespearean Drama, Unhae Park Langis Shakespeare and His Authors: Critical Perspectives on the Authorship Question, Edited by William Leahy Shakespeare in China, Murray J. Levith Shakespeare in Japan, Tetsuo Kishi and Graham Bradshaw Shakespeare and Moral Agency, Edited by Michael D. Bristol Shakespeare in the Spanish Theatre, Keith Gregor Shakespeare and the Translation of Identity in Early Modern England, Edited by Liz Oakley-Brown Shakespeare’s Cues and Prompts, Murray J. Levith Shakespeare’s Musical Imagery, Christopher R. Wilson Shakespeare and the Apocalypse Visions of Doom from Early Modern Tragedy to Popular Culture R. M. Christofides Continuum Shakespeare Studies Continuum International Publishing Group A Bloomsbury company 50 Bedford Square 80 Maiden Lane London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © R. M. Christofides 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. R. M. Christofides has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the Author of this work. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4411-7994-4 e-ISBN: 978-1-4411-8322-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Christofides, R. M. Shakespeare and the apocalypse : visions of doom from early modern tragedy to popular culture / R. M. Christofides. p. cm. – (Continuum Shakespeare studies) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-7994-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4411-8322-4 (ebook pdf) – ISBN 978-1-4411-0130-3 (ebook epub) 1. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616–Criticism and interpretation. 2. Apocalypse in literature. 3. English drama–Early modern and Elizabethan, 1500-1600–History and criticism. 4. English drama (Tragedy)–History and criticism. I. Title. PR3011.C47 2012 822.3’3–dc23 2011046645 Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services, Chennai, India For Jodie and Belinda, may our little family always be this happy. vi Contents Acknowledgements viii A Note on Typography ix List of Figures x Preface xii Chapter 1: The Reechy Painting and the Old Church Window 1 Chapter 2: Hamlet and the Living Dead 19 Chapter 3: Masochistic Damnation in Othello 65 Chapter 4: Macbeth and the Angels of Doom 109 Chapter 5: The Promised End of King Lear 149 Chapter 6: The End 185 Bibliography 203 Index 213 Acknowledgements Thanks to the innumerable and unsung custodians of the wall paintings and stained glass I have had the pleasure of seeing in churches throughout England and Wales: their unheralded work not only made a book like this possible but, far more importantly, maintains for public consumption the few remnants of a glorious, but largely overlooked, cultural and artistic heritage. Nascent versions of some of the ideas in Chapter 3 appeared in ‘Iago and equivocation: the seduction and damnation of Othello’, Early Modern Literary Studies, 15:1. Thanks to Catherine Belsey for her exemplary advice and guidance over the years. Thanks to Jodie Matthews for her invaluable comments and suggestions as well as her unstinting support; this book is as much yours as mine. A Note on Typography When using early modern texts, I have modernized ‘i’, which also served for ‘j’. Also, I have replaced the long ‘s’ with the familiar modern version throughout. Where I have maintained the capitalization of theological terms, for example, Doom, Judgement, Judge, Last Judgement and Apocalypse, it is to emphasize their specifically Christian resonance. Moreover, I have also maintained the capitalization of quotations from Shakespeare and the Bible.
Description: