ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::2288 AAMM Shadows on the Mountain ffffiirrss..iinndddd ii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::2277 AAMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::2288 AAMM Shadows on the Mountain The Allies, the Resistance, and the Rivalries That Doomed WWII Yugoslavia Marcia Christoff Kurapovna John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffffiirrss..iinndddd iiiiii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::2288 AAMM This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2010 by Marcia Christoff Kurapovna. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada Map on p. xvi, UN Cartographic Section, map of Former Yugoslavia, no. 3689 Rev. 12 June 2007 Photo credits: pp. 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158 (top and bottom left), National Archives, College Park, Maryland, OSS Still Pictures, File 226; pp. 158 (bottom right), 159, 160, the Bildarchiv, World War II, Austrian National Library, Vienna. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through pay- ment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750–8400, fax (978) 646–8600, or on the web at www.c opyright .com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748– 6011, fax (201) 748–6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and the author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies con- tained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information about our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762–2974, outside the United States at (317) 572–3993 or fax (317) 572–4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Kurapovna, Marcia. Shadows on the mountain : the Allies, the resistance, and the rivalries that doomed WWII Yugoslavia / Marcia Kurapovna. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-08456-4 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. World War, 1939–1945—Yugoslavia. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Underground movements—Yugoslavia. 3. Yugoslavia—History—Axis occupation, 1941–1945. 4. Yugoslavia—Foreign relations 1918–1945. 5. Great Britain—Foreign relations— Yugoslavia. 6. Yugoslavia—Foreign relations—Great Britain. 7. World War, 1939–1945—Diplomatic history. 8. Mihailovic, Dra˘za, 1893–1946. 9. Tito, Josip Broz, 1892–1980. I. Title. D802.Y8K85 2009 940.54'2197—dc22 2009009772 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffffiirrss..iinndddd iivv 1100//99//0099 99::5544::2299 AAMM In memory of my forever loved and so much missed brother, Douglas ffffiirrss..iinndddd vv 1100//99//0099 99::5544::3300 AAMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd vvii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::3300 AAMM You shall read that we are commanded to forgive our enemies; but you never read that we are commanded to forgive our friends. —Cosimo I de’ Medici, d. 1574 (attributed) Belgrade, which glistened in his nostalgia like human laughter through tears. —On the homecoming of Serbian writer and war veteran Miloš Crnjanski Serbia is a great mystery. The day doesn’t know what the night contrives Nor the night, what the dawn gives birth to; The bush doesn’t know what the next bush dreams Nor the bird what goes on Among the boughs. . . . In that land the enemy May not trust in the hare’s track Nor in the print of the oxen’s hooves There are perhaps secret resolutions In the Reapers’ songs And the strokes of the woodcutter’s axe And the hidden lullaby from the cradle —Desanka Maksimovi, A REMINISCENCE OF THE UPRISING (Spomen na Ustanak), 1946 vii ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::3300 AAMM ffffiirrss..iinndddd vviiiiii 1100//99//0099 99::5544::3300 AAMM
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