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Sex, Money, and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia PDF

244 Pages·1990·14.391 MB·English
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SEX I !1 MONEY AND MORALITY k l prostitution and tourism in south-east asia Sex, Money and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia Sex, Money and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia Thanh-Dam Truong Zed Books Ltd London and New Jersev Sex, Money and Morality: Prostitution and Tourism in Southeast Asia was first published by Zed Books Ltd, 57 Caledonian Road, London N1 9BU, UK, and 171 First Avenue, Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey 07716, USA, in 1990. Copyright © Thanh-Dam Truong, 1990. Cover designed by Sophie Buchet. Typeset by EMS Photosetters, Rochford, Essex. Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and Kings Lynn. All rights reserved. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Truong. Thanh-Dam Sex. money and morality in South-east Asia. 1. Asia. South-east Asia. Women. Prostitution. I. Title. 306.740959 ISBN 0-86232-936-1 ISBN 0-86232-937-X pbk Contents Page Acknowledgements viii Preface X Introduction 1 Object of Study 1 Background of the Study 1 Organization of the Study 6 Notes 7 Part I The Analytical Framework for Prostitution Prostitution, Social Theory and Politics 11 Introduction 9 Defining Prostitution 11 Sociobiology and Prostitution: Phallocracy and One-dimensional Sex 16 Functionalism and Prostitution: The Dilemma of Rationality 21 Historical Materialism, Socialism and Prostitution: Alienation and Lumpen-Proletariat 30 Structuralism and The Exchange of Women: From Phallus to Brain 38 Prostitution and Feminist Politics of Social Change: From Victimization to Glorification 43 Conclusion 56 Notes 56 Sexual Labour in Prostitution 57 Introduction 57 Reproduction and the Structure of Gender Relations 57 Sexuality and Sexual Labour 67 Sexual Labour, Sexual Consciousness and the Transition to Capitalism 75 Reproduction, Sexual Labour and SocialC ontrol 79 Prostitution, Traffic in Women and International Sexual Politics: the Contradiction Between Race and Class 82 Power Relations in Prostitution 87 Conclusion 91 Notes 91 Part II International Tourism and Prostitution in Southeast Asia 93 3 The Political Economy of International Tourism ^5 Introduction 95 Leisure and Production 95 Air Travel and Tourism: Genesis of an Industrial Complex 101 The Travel and Tourism Conglomerates and Developing Countries 110 Tourism and Development: the Politics of a Development Strategy 116 Serving the Tourist Market: Female Labour in Tourism 123 Conclusion 129 Notes 129 4 Gender Relations and Prostitution in Thailand 131 Introduction 131 Buddhist Discourse on Sexuality and the Male-Female Relationship 131 Buddhism, Law and Gender in Feudal Thailand 138 Polygamy and Prostitution under Democratic Law 149 Conclusion 156 Notes 157 5 Foreign Exchange, Tourism and Prostitution in Thailand 158 Introduction 158 Tourism as an Export-led Growth Strategy in Thailand 158 Tourism Investment and Prostitution 167 Foreign Visitors and the Defence of Prostitution 172 Power and Production in Prostitution 180 Conclusion 190 Notes 190 Cbnclusion 192 The Problematic of Prostitution 192 Sexual Labour in Prostitution 193 Sexual Labour in International Tourism 197 Sex Sans Frontières and the Ethical Question 200 Bibliography 203 Index 219 Acknowledgements Writing this study has been a multi-level affair. Many people have provided much support, and have been part of this work in many different ways. I owe them all my most sincere appreciation. Cees J. Hamelink is thanked for having taken up the study as a thesis during its most critical stage, knowing that I was unwell, and for having guided me meticulously to the end of the exercise. Jeffrey Harrod is thanked for having stimulated my ideas since the very beginning of the project, even before his role was formalized. As a friend, a colleague and a supervisor, he never imposed boundaries on newly emerging ideas, or on his critical contributions which helped me to give these ideas shape and coherence. Although his gender is inappropriate to this compliment, to me he is truly an ‘intellectual midwife’. Emmanuel de Kadt of the University of Sussex is appreciated for his extensive comments on my earlier attempts to come to terms with tourism as a research subject. Many other colleagues and friends at the Institute of Social Studies have also read and commented on versions of the research proposal and/or drafts of various chapters, including George Irvin, Valpy Fitzgerald, Ken Post, Aart van de Laar, Jan Breman, Aurora Carreon, Loes Keysers and Mia Berden. I thank them for their suggestions and supportive comments. Wicky Meynen is warmly acknowledged for having initially given me the idea to identify the link between prostitution and reproduction. Colleagues in the Women and Development Programme at the Institute for Social Studies, The Hague, are thanked for allowing me to take a three-month leave during my convenorship to finalize my work, and for having shouldered my administrative burdens. In particular, Geertje Lycklama is thanked for her support, which enabled me to obtain funds and time for field research, and to participate in the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ‘Workshop of Experts on Prevention and Rehabilitation Schemes For Young Women in Prostitution and Related Occupations’, held in Bangkok in June 1985. Renée Pittin is sincerely appreciated for having read my first draft and for her critical, useful and humorous comments. Fellow-members of the informal ‘Power-Study Club’, Amrita Chhachhi, Carla Risseeuw, Ravni Rai Thakur and Brigitte Holzner, occupy a special place in this thesis because of their understanding, perception, patience and stimulation when I tried to concretize my thoughts, and for

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