Severe Accident Management in the Light of the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power ...

46 Pages·2015·0.71 MB·English

IAEA Report on
Severe Accident Management
in the Light of the Accident at the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Plant
International Experts Meeting
17–20 March 2014, Vienna, Austria
@
IAEA REPORT ON
SEVERE ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
IN THE LIGHT OF THE ACCIDENT
AT THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency:
AFGHANISTAN GERMANY OMAN
ALBANIA GHANA PAKISTAN
ALGERIA GREECE PALAU
ANGOLA GUATEMALA PANAMA
ARGENTINA GUYANA PAPUA NEW GUINEA
ARMENIA HAITI PARAGUAY
AUSTRALIA HOLY SEE PERU
AUSTRIA HONDURAS PHILIPPINES
AZERBAIJAN HUNGARY POLAND
BAHAMAS ICELAND PORTUGAL
BAHRAIN INDIA QATAR
BANGLADESH INDONESIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
BELARUS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF ROMANIA
BELGIUM IRAQ RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BELIZE IRELAND RWANDA
BENIN ISRAEL SAN MARINO
BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL ITALY SAUDI ARABIA
STATE OF JAMAICA SENEGAL
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JAPAN SERBIA
BOTSWANA JORDAN SEYCHELLES
BRAZIL KAZAKHSTAN SIERRA LEONE
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KENYA
SINGAPORE
BULGARIA KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
SLOVAKIA
BURKINA FASO KUWAIT
SLOVENIA
BURUNDI KYRGYZSTAN
SOUTH AFRICA
CAMBODIA LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC
SPAIN
CAMEROON REPUBLIC
SRI LANKA
CANADA LATVIA
SUDAN
CENTRAL AFRICAN LEBANON
SWAZILAND
REPUBLIC LESOTHO
SWEDEN
CHAD LIBERIA
SWITZERLAND
CHILE LIBYA
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
CHINA LIECHTENSTEIN
TAJIKISTAN
COLOMBIA LITHUANIA
THAILAND
CONGO LUXEMBOURG
COSTA RICA MADAGASCAR THE FORMER YUGOSLAV
CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAWI REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
CROATIA MALAYSIA TOGO
CUBA MALI TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
CYPRUS MALTA TUNISIA
CZECH REPUBLIC MARSHALL ISLANDS TURKEY
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UGANDA
OF THE CONGO MAURITIUS UKRAINE
DENMARK MEXICO UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
DJIBOUTI MONACO UNITED KINGDOM OF
DOMINICA MONGOLIA GREAT BRITAIN AND
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MONTENEGRO NORTHERN IRELAND
ECUADOR MOROCCO UNITED REPUBLIC
EGYPT MOZAMBIQUE OF TANZANIA
EL SALVADOR MYANMAR UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ERITREA NAMIBIA URUGUAY
ESTONIA NEPAL UZBEKISTAN
ETHIOPIA NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN
FIJI NEW ZEALAND REPUBLIC OF
FINLAND NICARAGUA VIET NAM
FRANCE NIGER YEMEN
GABON NIGERIA ZAMBIA
GEORGIA NORWAY ZIMBABWE
The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the
IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The
Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the
contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’.
IAEA REPORT ON
SEVERE ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT
IN THE LIGHT OF THE ACCIDENT
AT THE FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS MEETING
VIENNA, 17–20 MARCH 2014
Organized in connection with the implementation
of the IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety
INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
VIENNA, 2015
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of
the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised
in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual
property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications
in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty
agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are
welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed
to the IAEA Publishing Section at:
Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section
International Atomic Energy Agency
Vienna International Centre
PO Box 100
1400 Vienna, Austria
fax: [phone]
tel.: [phone]
email: [email protected]
http://www.iaea.org/books
© IAEA, 2015
Printed by the IAEA in Austria
September 2015
IAEA/IEM/7
COPYRIGHT NOTICE FOREWORD

All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of By Denis Flory
the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised
Deputy Director General
in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual
Department of Nuclear Safety and Security
Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual
property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications
in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty In response to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant,
agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are IAEA Member States unanimously adopted the Action Plan on Nuclear Safety.
welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed Under this Action Plan, the IAEA Secretariat was asked to organize International
to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Experts Meetings to analyse all relevant technical aspects and learn the lessons
from the accident. The International Experts Meetings brought together leading
Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section experts from areas such as research, industry, regulatory control and safety
International Atomic Energy Agency assessment. These meetings have made it possible for experts to share the lessons
Vienna International Centre learned from the accident and identify relevant best practices, and to ensure that
PO Box 100 both are widely disseminated.
1400 Vienna, Austria This report on Severe Accident Management in the Light of the Fukushima
fax: [phone] Daiichi accident is part of a series of reports covering all the topics dealt with in
tel.: [phone] the International Experts Meetings. The reports draw on information provided
email: [email protected] in the meetings as well as on insights from other relevant IAEA activities and
http://www.iaea.org/books missions. It is possible that additional information and analysis related to the
accident may become available in the future.
I hope that this report will serve as a valuable reference for governments,
technical experts, nuclear operators, the media and the general public, and that it
will help strengthen nuclear safety.
EDITORIAL NOTE
The presentations on the attached CD-ROM (including the figures, tables and references)
have not been reviewed by the editorial staff of the IAEA. The views expressed remain the
responsibility of the named authors or participants. This publication has been prepared from
the original material as submitted by the authors. In addition, the views are not necessarily
those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations.
This report does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or
omissions on the part of any person.
Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information contained
in this publication, neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for
consequences which may arise from its use.
The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any
judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of
their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries.
The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as
registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed
as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA.
The authors are responsible for having obtained the necessary permission for the IAEA
to reproduce, translate or use material from sources already protected by copyrights.
Material prepared by authors who are in contractual relation with governments is
copyrighted by the IAEA, as publisher, only to the extent permitted by the appropriate national
regulations.
The IAEA has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or
third party Internet web sites referred to in this book and does not guarantee that any content
on such web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
The depiction and use of boundaries, geographical names and related data shown on
maps do not necessarily imply official endorsement or acceptance by the IAEA.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1
1.1. Background ......................................... 2
1.2. Objective ........................................... 3
2. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE IEM ON SEVERE ACCIDENT
MANAGEMENT ......................................... 4
2.1. Insights from the events at the Fukushima Daiini nuclear
power plant ......................................... 4
2.2. The difficulties encountered during the response to the
Fukushima Daiichi accident ............................ 5
3. KEY AREAS IMPORTANT FOR STRENGTHENING SEVERE
ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT ARRANGEMENTS ............. 7
3.1. Flexibility of severe accident management strategies ........ 7
3.2. Training ............................................ 9
3.3. Strengthening regulatory capabilities ..................... 12
3.4. Instrumentation and control systems ..................... 14
3.5. Emergency preparedness and response: Interface between
on-site and off-site response ............................ 16
3.6. Interface between SAMGs and on-site emergency
preparedness and response ............................. 18
4. CONCLUSIONS ......................................... 21
ANNEX A: CHAIRPERSON’S SUMMARY ....................... 23
ANNEX B: CONTENTS OF THE ATTACHED CD-ROM ............ 29

1. INTRODUCTION
Following the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
(the Fukushima Daiichi accident), the IAEA Director General convened the IAEA
Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Safety in June 2011 to direct the process
of learning and acting upon lessons to strengthen nuclear safety, emergency
preparedness and radiation protection of people and the environment worldwide.
Subsequently, the Conference adopted a Ministerial Declaration on Nuclear
Safety, which requested the Director General to prepare a draft Action Plan.1
The draft Action Plan on Nuclear Safety (the Action Plan) was approved by the
Board of Governors at its September 2011 meeting.2 On 22 September 2011, the
IAEA General Conference unanimously endorsed the Action Plan, the purpose
of which is to define a programme of work to strengthen the global nuclear
safety framework.
The Action Plan includes 12 main actions covering the key areas
to be addressed for improved nuclear safety. One of the actions focuses
on communication and information dissemination, and includes six sub-actions,
one of which mandates the IAEA Secretariat to “organize international experts
meetings to analyse all relevant technical aspects and learn the lessons from the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station accident”.3
The IAEA Secretariat convened the International Experts Meeting (IEM)
on Severe Accident Management in the Light of the Accident at the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, on 17–20 March 2014 at IAEA Headquarters,
in Vienna. The overall objective of the IEM was to gather and share knowledge
and experience gained in the light of the Fukushima Daiichi accident in this area,
as well as to identify lessons learned and best practices.
The specific objectives of the IEM were:
— To share improvements made to severe accident management programmes
following the Fukushima Daiichi accident;
— To discuss the appropriate regulatory oversight of severe accident
management;
— To discuss how to train and equip operating personnel to effectively
implement severe accident management guidelines (SAMGs);
1 Declaration by the IAEA Ministerial Conference on Nuclear Safety in Vienna on
20 June 2011, INFCIRC/821, IAEA, Vienna (2011), para. 23.
2 Draft IAEA Action Plan on Nuclear Safety, Report by the Director General,
GOV/2011/59-GC(55)/14, IAEA, Vienna (2011).
3 Ibid., p. 6.
1