Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa: Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River PDF
Preview Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa: Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River
The Palgrave Macmillan Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River Edward Cavanagh Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa This page intentionally left blank Settler Colonialism and Land Rights in South Africa Possession and Dispossession on the Orange River Edward Cavanagh TrilliumFoundationScholar,UniversityofOttawa ©EdwardCavanagh2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-30576-3 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-45490-7 ISBN 978-1-137-30577-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137305770 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 For Jane and Mick This page intentionally left blank Contents ListofFigures viii Acknowledgements ix ANoteonTerminology xii Introduction:Land,Sovereignty,andIndigeneityinSouth Africa 1 1 TheErasureofPastInterestsinLandatPhilippolis 24 2 TheGriquaLandRegimeandItsChallenges 40 3 TheErasureofPastInterestsinLandatOrania 62 4 TheOranianLandRegimeandItsChallenges 74 Conclusion:LandRegimesandPropertyRightsonthe OrangeRiver 90 Afterword:OnRestitutionandDispossession 101 Notes 119 Bibliography 149 Index 159 vii Figures I.1 AmapofthemiddleOrangeRiver 12 2.1 AnexampleofaGriqualease 46 4.1 Frontpageoftheapplicationform 77 viii Acknowledgements The first acknowledgement of this book should be offered to South African President Jacob Zuma and the African National Congress (ANC), in this, the hundredth year since the passage of the first Union-passed Natives Land Act. Delivering the ANC anniversary statement in January, Zuma gave the strongest indication yet that ‘ourgovernmentwillre-openthelodgementdateforclaimsandpro- vide for the exception’ in existing land law, potentially allowing for historical acts of dispossession to fall within the hitherto restricted scope of land restitution. It should also be acknowledged that the specificnatureofthesereformsremainedunclarifiedasthisbookwas going to print. For this reason (and also because similar proposals havebeenbandiedaboutatANCgatheringsoverthelastfewyears),I havenotfoundmyselfcompelledtoamendacornerstoneargument of this book about the politicised version of South African history whichresultedinthesubscriptiontoastrangelyrestricteddefinition of ‘dispossession’ by the Commission on Restitution of Land Rights between1994and2012. The research for this study was done hard and fast, and I have incurred many debts. I am grateful to the NRF History Workshop attheUniversityoftheWitwatersrandforitsaccommodationofmy interestsduringmytimeinSouthAfrica.Imustalsoacknowledgethe financial support of the Ford Foundation, a wonderful organisation withacommendablemission,andlikewisetheMooneeValleyFoun- dation,whichsponsoredmyinitialresearchtriptoSouthAfrica.The CapeArchivesshowedmeallthedocumentsIneeded,andtheUni- versityoftheWitwatersrandlibraryshippedinallthebooksIwanted. Thankstoboth. TherearemanyscholarsfromwhomIhavetakeninspiration,and theywillfindtheirnameinfootnotes.Anumberofindividualssup- ported this research more directly, in one way or another. Julian Brown,CliveGlaser,EmileCoetzee,andLiezemarieJohannesdeserve mybiggestthanks.IamalsoindebtedtoMathewAbbott,Mohamed Adhikari,RobertArculus,BaasBadenhorst,PhilBonner,SamChallis, ix
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