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SETTLEMENTS ON HILL-TOPS: Seven Prehistoric Sites in Suffolk East Anglian Archaeology Suffolk County Planning Department, 1993 EAST ANGLIAN ARCHAEOLOGY Settlements on Hill-tops: Seven Prehistoric Sites in Suffolk by Edward Martin with contributions by Christopher Balkwill, Bernard Denston, Joan Flemming, Peter Murphy, Judith Plouviez and Patricia Stevens Illustrations by Rebecca Archer, Linden Elmhirst, Edward Martin and Donna Sullivan East Anglian Archaeology Report No.65, 1993 Suffolk County Planning Department EAST ANGLIAN ARCHAEOLOGY REPORT NO. 65 Published by Suffolk County Planning Department, Suffolk County Council, St Edmund House, Rope Walk, Ipswich, Suffolk in conjunction with The Scole Archaeological Committee Editor: Stanley West EAA Managing Editor: Jenny Glazebrook Scole Editorial Sub-Committee: David Buckley, County Archaeologist, Essex Planning Department Keith Wade, County Archaeological Officer, Suffolk Planning Department Peter Wade-Martins, County Field Archaeologist, Norfolk Museums Service Stanley West Typeset in Times Roman by Joan Daniells using® Ventura Publisher Printed by Witley Press Ltd., Hunstanton, Norfolk. ©SUFFOLK COUNTY COUNCIL 1992 ISBN 086 055 2144 For details of East Anglian Archaeology, see last page This volume is published with the aid of a grant from the Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England Cover Illustration Barnham: aerial view of the enclosure. Photo R.D.Carr Contents List of Contents V VI. The Artefacts 31 Iron object 31 The pottery, BRHOI5 31 List of Plates VI The pottery, 1968 quarry finds 33 The pottery, 1976 quarry finds 33 List of Figures vi The pottery, 1984 quarry finds 33 ihe pottery, BRI-!01/ 33 List of Tables vi U1scusS10n ot pottery 38 Fired clay objects, BRH017 40 The worked nint, BRH015 40 Contributors vii The worked flint, 1984 quarry finds 40 The worked nint, BRHO 17 40 General notes vii vn. The Zoological evidence 40 The animal bones, BRH015 40 The animal bones, BRHO 17 40 Chapter 1. The Iron Age Enclosure at VIII. General discussion 40 Barn ham I. Acknowledgements I Chapter 3. Three prehistoric hill-top settle- IT. Summary I Ill. Introduction 3 ments in south-east Suffolk 41 IV. The Enclosure 3 I. Acknowledgements 41 V. The Excavation 3 11. Summary 41 The outer ditch 5 Ill. Introduction 41 The inter-ditch berm 5 IV. The Great Bealings site 42 The inner ditch 6 The Neolithic features 42 The inner berm 8 The Iron Age features 44 The chalk and flint fringe 8 V. The artefacts 44 The interior 8 The pottery 44 The surface scatters 10 Neolithic Grooved Ware 44 VI. Interpretation 10 Iron Age pottery 44 The defences 10 Iron Age loom weights 46 The features on the inner berm 10 The worked flint 46 The features in the interior 12 VI. The Martlesham site 49 VII. The Artefacts 15 Yll. The artefacts 51 Copper alloy objects 15 The pottery 51 Iron objects 15 Neolithic Grooved ware 51 Neolithic pottery 15 Beaker pottery 51 Bronze Age pottery 15 Iron Age pottery 51 Iron Age pottery 15 Fire clay objects 51 Roman pottery 16 The worked 11int 51 Fired clay objects 16 Stone objects 51 The worked l1i11t 16 VIII. The Little Beatings site 51 Stone object 16 IX. The artefacts 51 VIII. Zoological and botanical evidence 16 AHnumimaanl bboonneess,, bwyi tCh .aB .nDoeten sbtyo nP .M.Stcvcns 1166 NDeeaokliethr ipco pttoetrtye ry :5'i1l Land molluscs, by P.Murphy 16 Iron Age pottery 52 Botanical remains, by P.Murphy 18 Roman pottery, by Judith Plouviez 54 The worked 11int 54 IX. Radiocarbon determination 21 X. General Discussion 56 X. General Discussion 21 Chapter 4. An Early Iron Age hill-top site at Chapter 2. Two first millennium B.C. settle Framlingham, by Joan Flemming 59 ment sites at Bat-ham 23 I. Acknowledgements 59 I. Acknowledgements 23 11. Summary 59 II. Summary 23 Ill. Introduction 59 Ill. Introduction 23 IV. Excavations 59 IV. The Excavation of BRH015, by V. The artefacts 60 Christopher Balkwill and Edward Martin 23 The pottery 60 Pits I and 2 23 Fired clay objects 62 The house 26 VI. General Discussion 62 Other features 27 The 1984 pit.s 29 V. The Excavation ofBRH017, by Judith Plouviez 29 Bibliography 63 The post Iron Age features 29 Index 65 The prehistoric features 31 V List of Plates Pl.l Barn ham: aerial view of the enclo- PI. VI Barnham: Feature 0062, the clay- sure, July 1979 lined trough 13 PI. I! Barnham: aerial view of the 1978 PI. VII Barham: view towards the N.W., excavations 5 showing the area of the house 29 PI. Ill Barnham: the outer ditch, 0033 7 PI. VIII Barham: the large Late Bronze Age PI. IV Barnham: The inner ditch, 0016 7 vessel from Pit I 33 PI. V Barnham: Feature 0065, showing the human leg 12 List of Figures Fig. 1 Map of sites in this volume VIII Fig. 23 Barham: the pottery and flint ob- Fig. 2 Iron Age sites in the Barnham and jects 39 Thetford area 2 Fig. 24 Great Bealings, Little Bealings and Fig. 3 Barnham: plan of the crop mark en- Martlesham: location of sites 41 closure and location of the 1978 Fig. 25 Great Bealings and Martlesham: excavation 3 location of sites BEG010 and Fig. 4 Barnham: plan of the excavation 4 MRM030 42 Fig. 5 Barnham: sections of the inner and Fig. 26 Great Bealings: plan and sections 43 outer ditches 6 Fig. 27 Great Bealings: the pottery 45 Fig. 6 Barnham: plan of features on the Fig. 28 Great Bealings: the pottery 46 inner berm angle 8 Fig. 29 Great Bealings: the pottery 47 Fig. 7 Barnham: sections of features and Fig. 30 Great Bealings: the flint objects 48 layers 9 Fig. 31 Martlesham: plan and sections 49 Fig. 8 Barnham: distribution plots of Fig. 32 Martlesham: the pottery and flint struck flint, burnt flint and animal objects 50 bone 11 Fig. 33 Little Bealings: location of site Fig. 9 Barnham: the metal objects 13 BELOI8 52 Fig. 10 Barnham: the pottery 14 Fig. 34 Little Bealings: plan of the excava- Fig. 11 Barnham: the flint objects 17 tions 53 Fig. 12 Barham: site location 24 Fig. 35 Little Bealings: sections of features 54 Fig. 13 Barham: plan of site BRH015 25 Fig. 36 Little Bealings: the pottery 55 Fig. 14 Barham: plan and section of Pit I 26 Fig. 37 Little Bealings: the pottery and Fig. 15 Barham: plan of the house 27 flint object 56 Fig. 16 Barham: sections of pits and post- Fig. 38 Iron Age sites in the Fynn and holes 28 Deben valleys 57 Fig. 17 Barham: plan of site BRH017 30 Fig. 39 Hill-top locations of prehistoric Fig. 18 Barham : iron object and the pottery 32 sites in Suffolk 57 Fig. 19 Barham : the pottery 34 Fig. 40 Framlingham: site location 59 Fig. 20 Barham : the pottery 35 Fig. 41 Framlingham: plan and sections 60 Fig. 21 Barham : the pottery 36 Fig. 42 Framlingham: the pottery 61 Fig. 22 Barham : the pottery 37 Fig. 43 Framlingham: the pottery and a spindle whorl 62 List of Tables Table I Barnham : Land molluscs from the Table 2 Barnham: Land molluscs from the inner ditch 19 outer ditch 20 Table 3 Barnham: cereals and hazel-nut 21 vi Contributors Christopher Balkwill, B.A. Peter Murphy, B.Sc., M.Phil. Formerly Assistant Keeper of Archaeology, Ipswich Environmental Archaeologist, Centre of East Anglian Museum Studies, University of East Anglia C.B.Denston, M.A. Judith Plouviez, B.A. Formerly of the Department of Physical Anthropology, Archaeological Officer, Planning Department, University of Cambridge Suffolk County Council Joan Flemming, Patricia M.Stevens Amateur archaeologist, Framlingham Animal Bone Specialist, Ancient Monuments Laboratory, H.B.M.C., 23 Savile Row, London Edward Martin, B.A., F.S.A., M.I.F.A. Archaeological Officer, Planning Department, Suffolk County Council General Notes The finds from all the excavations in this volume are held Unless otherwise indicated, all the reports in this vol by the Suffolk Archaeological Unit, Shire Hall, Bury St ume are by E.Martin. Edmunds IP33 2AR (tel. Bury St Edmunds 763141). VII Figure I Map of sites in this volume. viii