Service Parts Planning with SAP SCM™: Processes, Structures, and Functions PDF
Preview Service Parts Planning with SAP SCM™: Processes, Structures, and Functions
Management for Professionals Jörg T. Dickersbach Michael F. Passon Service Parts Planning with SAP SCM™ Processes, Structures, and Functions Second Edition Management for Professionals More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10101 Jo¨rg Thomas Dickersbach (cid:129) Michael F. Passon Service Parts Planning TM with SAP SCM Processes, Structures, and Functions Second Edition Jo¨rgThomasDickersbach MichaelF.Passon Landau,Germany Heidelberg,Germany ISSN2192-8096 ISSN2192-810X (electronic) ManagementforProfessionals ISBN978-3-662-45432-9 ISBN978-3-662-45433-6 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-662-45433-6 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015937186 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon #Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Thefirsteditionofthisbookin2006wasalsothefirsteditionoftheSAPService Parts Planning solution, and there was little experience of using the solution in practice. Meanwhile, there is a broad adoption of the solution, mainly in the automotiveandmechanicalengineeringindustry,especiallytherenewableenergy sector,andintheaircraftindustry.Atypicaltraitseemstobetheglobalrollouttoall organizationsofacompany,andduetothelargenumberoforganizationsinvolved, the projects might take some time—currently there are projects running with a plannedtimelineuntil2019. Alsothesolutionitselfhasbecomemorematurewiththelatestreleases—upto now release SAP SCM 7.0 EHP3—and has both extended its functional scope— especiallyintheareasofDRP,deployment,andforecasting—andimproveditsuser experience. For the latter, the planner’s worklist is the most significant improve- ment. The reality check in the implementations also showed that the originally intended “full-blown” system architecture for Service Parts Management containing SAP CRM, SAP SNC, and SAP EWM was seldom used—in most cases,itwasonlySAPSPPandSAPERP,whichcanbeimplementedmuchfaster thanthe“full-blown”systemarchitecture. WewerefortunatetohaveMichaelF.Passonastheco-writerwhohasboththe experiencefromnumerousprojectsasofcoursetheup-to-datedetailedfunctional knowledgetoupdateandsignificantlyextendthefirstedition.Thiseditioncontains alotofchangesandextensions;however,wehavenotupdatedallscreenshotsbut onlythosethatcontainsignificantdifferencestothepreviousversion. Much of the credit for this second edition goes to Michael Krenbauer, the product owner for SPP. Without him this book literally would have not been possible. He did not only provide us generously with advice and information but even took the initiativeto convince ustoupdatethis book. We would also liketo thank Mikael Ta¨ngemo, Gerhard Gschwender, Christian Werner, Andreas Leinenbach, Zoltan Zavodi, Gabor Nagy, Zsolt Csoka, Sandor Miklos, and Tibor Paulinuszfortheirhelpandcomments. Jo¨rgThomasDickersbachandMichaelF.Passon LandauandHeidelberg/Germany,August2014 v ThiSisaFMBlankPage Contents 1 ServicePartsPlanningOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 SupplyChainManagementforServiceParts. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 OverviewonSystemsandProcessesforService PartsPlanning. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 3 1.3 ProcessesforServicePartsPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.3.1 ScopeandLimitationsofThisBook. . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2 MasterData,ServicesandBasisFunctions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1 MasterData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.1 BillofDistribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.1.2 VirtualLocationforConsolidatedOrdering. . . . . . . . 18 2.1.3 ContractPackager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.1.4 ProductandProductGroup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.1.5 Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.1.6 RoundingProfile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.2 Planner. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 30 2.3 PlanningServiceManager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 2.4 TransactionalDataLayer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5 Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 3 CaptureandManageDemandHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.1 ProcessandDataFlowOverview. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2 CaptureDemandHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.2.1 DataFlowOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 3.2.2 ProcessingoftheDemandHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3.3 ManageDemandHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4 StockingDecision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.2 ReplenishmentIndicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.3 RulesandDecisionTables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.4 StockingandDe-StockingServiceandApproval. . . . . . . . . . 77 vii viii Contents 5 Forecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 5.2 PlanningBook,ForecastProfileandForecastService. . . . . . . 84 5.2.1 PlanningBookforForecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 5.2.2 ForecastProfile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 5.2.3 ForecastService. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.3 ModelEvaluation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.3.1 HistoricalForecast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.3.2 Tracking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 5.3.3 Tripping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 5.4 ModelSelectionandParameterTuning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.4.1 ModelSelection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.4.2 ParameterTuning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 5.5 CalculationoftheForecast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.5.1 ForecastHorizons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 5.5.2 ForecastModelOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.5.3 StandardDeviation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5.5.4 OutlierCorrection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 5.6 ForecastApproval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 123 5.7 LifeCyclePlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.7.1 Phase-InForecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 5.7.2 Phase-OutForecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 5.8 LeadingIndicatorBasedForecasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 5.8.1 ProcessOverview. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 129 5.8.2 BasicSettingsandPrerequisites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 5.8.3 DeterminationoftheHistoryoftheLeading Indicator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 5.8.4 DeterminationoftheForecastoftheLeading IndicatorandtheRelevantServiceParts. . . . . . . . . . 136 6 EconomicOrderQuantityandSafetyStock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 6.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 6.2 EconomicOrderQuantityandSafetyStock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 6.2.1 EconomicOrderQuantity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 6.2.2 SafetyStock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 6.2.3 InterdependencyofEOQ,SafetyStockandTSL. . . . 145 6.2.4 EOQandSafetyStockPlanningService. . . . . . . . . . 147 6.3 PlanningBookforInventoryPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 6.4 AdditionalServices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 6.4.1 DeploymentIndicatorDetermination. . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 6.4.2 ABCClassification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Contents ix 7 SurplusandObsolescencePlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 7.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 7.2 SurplusQuantityDetermination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7.2.1 OverviewandCommonSteps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 7.2.2 SurplusQuantityDeterminationforCurrent ModelPart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 159 7.2.3 SurplusQuantityDeterminationforPast ModelPart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 161 7.3 SurplusDisaggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 7.4 SurplusApproval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 7.5 ObsolescenceCheck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 8 DistributionRequirementsPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 8.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 8.2 DRPLogic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.1 DRPMatrix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 8.2.2 ForecastVersusCustomerRequirements. . . . . . . . . . 181 8.2.3 RoundingtoDaysofSupply. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 8.2.4 FixedRequirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 8.3 Scheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 8.4 Horizons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 8.5 StabilityRules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 8.6 DRPFeaturesforSeasonality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 8.6.1 AnticipatedDemandCoverage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 8.6.2 Pre-seasonSafetyStockShift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 8.7 ProcurementPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 8.7.1 Sourcing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 8.7.2 ProductGroupProcurement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 8.7.3 SupplierShutdown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 8.8 DRPService. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 8.9 RepairorBuyPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 8.9.1 ProcessOverview. . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 218 8.9.2 RepairorBuyPlanningLogic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 8.10 KittoStockPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 8.10.1 Overview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 8.10.2 KittoStockPlanningLogicandParameters (Determinants). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 8.11 ReorderPoint-BasedPlanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240 9 ProcurementApproval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 9.1 ProcessOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 9.2 ApprovalRules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 9.3 ProcurementApprovalService. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 9.4 MassApproval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 9.5 InteractiveApprovalintheScheduleBoard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 9.6 ReleaseCreation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 9.7 ProcurementExecution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
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