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Serge Sauneron Translated by Ann M Orrissett the Priests of Ancient Egypt PDF

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Preview Serge Sauneron Translated by Ann M Orrissett the Priests of Ancient Egypt

FI RS T PU BLIS HED I N T HI S‘ EDITIO N 1 9 60 A LL R IG HT S R ES ERVED . . Lib f C C l C d N m b 5 9 1 07 9 2 t rary o o n gress a a o g ar u er : - r r r fi B E P l k b li h d ve g e en o e o o s ar e p u s e r r i h U i d S b G P I t t t t n e n e a es y o ve ess n c , . r 6 4 U i it P l N w Y k 3 N Y n v er s y a c e e o , . . r r r B B i G i i b E k L d t t t n ea r a n y ve g een o o s . b M H D is t r i u t ed in Can ada by c CleIlo n d S t e wa r t L td 2 5 o llin ge r Ro ad Toro n t o 1 6 . , , b E Fi li h d i F b d i i d S il P i t t rs p u s e n ran c e y o n s a eu a r s as , , E L et d I’ i t es p r r es e an c en n e gyp e M M H H A N UFA CT U R E D BY O UT O N C I N T E N ET E R LAN DS o . , i Th P f A E i t t t e r es s o n c en gyp b S S y erge aun er on C t t o n en s I 5 n tro d u c ti o n 9 L e a fi n g T h h O ld Tex ts ro ug 2 9 Th e P r i e s tl y F u n c t i o n 5 3 Th e Worl d f t h e Te m l e s o p 7 7 Th e S a c re d Ac ti v i ti e s 1 3 Th e S a c re d W i s d o m e I 7 l Fo rt u n s a n d M i s fo rt u n e s f t h e o Eg y t i a n C l e rg p y 1 9 1 C h ro n o l o g i c a l Ta bl e s I NT RO DUCT I ON Th e re a re w o u s t a n d i n g fe a tu re s o f a n c i e n t E gy t b o th t t o p , o f wh i c h are s tr i k i n g l y e v i d e n t o n th e b a n k s f th e N i l e F i rs t o . , i ts a s t h e C a i ro M u s e u m r e ve a l s i s a s o l d a s h i s to ry a n d t a r , , a s b e au t i ful a n d p e r fe c t i n i ts w a y a s al l th a t G re e c e a n d m o re r e c e n t c i v i l i z a ti o n s h av e b e e n a b l e t o ro d u c e i n th e i r gre at e s t p e ri o d s S e c o n d o n e s e e s th a t Egy t’ s m o n u m e n t s ar e n e a rl y ll p p a . , ro d u c ts o f re l i g i o u s re o c c up a ti o n s F ro m th e l a te a u f G i ze h p p p o . th e b o u l d e rs f th e c a t a r a c t i n th e s h a de f th e M e m p h i s t o o o , a l m s nd i th e s c o rc h i n g i n fe rn o o f th e V a l l ey s o f K i n g s i n p a n , th e c al m f th e El e h a n ti n e a n d i n th e w h i te fe l c c a s 1 th e re i s o p u , th e s a m e s t ri k i n g e v i d e n c e a t e a c h m o n u m e n t e ac h i s i t t o n V o , th e y r a m i d s t e m l e s t o m b s t h t e v e ry th i n g c o n s tr u c t e d ‘f p p a o r , , , e te rn i ty ' e ve ry th i n g w h i c h h a s s u c c e s s fu l l y b p a s s e d th e c e n y- i w a s c o n c e i v e d f th e w o rs h i p f th e go d s a n d f t h e t ur e s o r o o r i m m o rt al i ty f m o an . I n c o u n try e rh a s h as th e d e s i r e f e te rn i ty b e e n m o r e n o p p o r , , e l o q u e n t n e v e r m o r e e ffe c t i ve l y re al i ze d H o u s e s tow n s p al a c e s , . , , , al l th e arc h i te c tu re de s t i n e d fo r d a i l y l i fe w a s e s s e n t i a l l y r o v i p o ry c ru d e b ri c k w a s s u f fi c i en t Th u s l i tt l e re m a i n s f th e s e s : o . B ts 1 o a . . a n c i e n t town s B u t b ey o n d t hi s w orl d i n w h i c h th e l i v i n g c o u l d . e xp re s s th e i r j oy i n o e n ai r b e yo n d th e c re a ted fo rm s w h i c h p , are e a c h e v e n i n g e a te n b y th e h a d ow s e ac h m or n i n g g i v e n a S , n ew l i fe th e d o m a i n o f th e u n k n o w ab l e re m a i n e d e ve r p e rc ep , t i b l e O uts i d e o f e a rth l y t i m e i n a n o th e r w o rl d i s ac e b u t n p . , n o t rec i s el y l o c a te d th e g o d s a n d t he d e a d tri u m p he d o v e r ” p t he d ark fo rc e s p re d a t i n g c re a ti o n a n d l i v e d fo re ve r i t h e j ’ h o y , f a ge l es s y o u th F o r th es e d i v i n e fo rc e s a n d t i m e l e s s b e i n g s o . , t he re h a d b e h o u s e s wh i c h w e re as d ur ab l e a s th e e arth w h i c h t o h e l d th em p y r a m i d s a n d te m l e s are a s i m m u t ab l e a s t he m ou n : p t a i n s fro m w h i c h th e i r s to n e i s t ak e n a n d u nd ergro u n d to m b s , b e co m e art f th e e te rn al ro c k wh i c h s h e l ters th e m p o . O b e c o m e s a c c u s to m e d t o s e e i n i n t he a n c i e n t Egyp ti a n s n e g , , ‘th e m o s t s cru u l o u s l y re l i g i o u s o f al l m ’ B u t th i s s t a te m e n t p en . do e s n o t s u f fi c e o ffe r th e k e y s t o t he P h ar a o n i c c i vi l i z at i o n t o ; i n fa c t i t w o l d b e a gre at e rro r to co n s i de r th e Egyp ti a n t u s o o c l o s e to o u rs e l ve s . N o th i n g w i th o u t d o u b t i s m ore m o der n th a n th es e s to n e , , h e a ds fo u n d i n t h e m a s t a b a s 1 t h a n t h e b u s t f Q u e e n N o fre te t e o ; , n o th i n g m o re al i ve h u m a n i n a re as su ri n g f a s h i o n t h a n th e , , s c en e s f d ai l y l i fe i c tu re d i n th e to m b s o f S a q q ar a o f ‘ o p o r Th e b e s n o th i n g erh a s s o d i re c t l y f a m i l i a r a s th e p op u l ar ; p p m N s t or i e s fro th e s h o re s o f t he i l e B u t b ew are o f th i n k i n g th a t . th e a n c i e n t Egy t i a n w a s a m l i k e u s t h at h i s c i vi l i z at i o n p an , w a s b a s i c al l y a n al ogo u s to o urs th a t h i s t h i n k i n g w a s i n th e , , ro gre s s o f a w orl d s ti l l i m er fe c tl y k n own th e b e g i n n i n g f p p o , m o d er n th o u g h t . To u n d e rs t a n d a n c i e n t Egy t we m u s t a b a n do n th e i de a f p o , fi n d i n g i n i t o w n c ul tu re a n d w tre n d s w e m u s t ac c ep t o ur o ur o n : th i s e xc l u s i o n an d n o t de l u d e o urs el ve s w i th t he ap aren t i m i p S , l i i Th e Egy ti a n l i v e d i n a w or l d ver y d i ffe re n t fro m our s t ar e s p . , i a s to n i sh i n gl y a d v an c e d i n c ert a i n h i l w ay s i h i t t ec i c a n arc ec t ure s to n e a n d m e t a l w o rk w o rk s f art m o r a l th o u gh t b u t o , , , al s o a sto n i s h i n gl y p ri m i t i v e i n th e e s s e n ti a l s tru c tu re o f h i s m e nt al l i fe i n h i s c o m l e te i n ap t i tu de f ab s tr a c t th o u gh t i h i s p o r n , , n a ive b el i e f i n a wo rl d c re at e d fo r m a n d m a d e t o h i s m e a su re an . We l i k e to t a l k a b o u t ‘ M e d i te rr a n e a n c i v i l i z at i o n ’ a n d i n cl d e u i n i t al l t h a t i s b e au ti fu l or g re a t i n th e v i c i n i ty f th i s s e a B u t o . w h e n th e N i l e e m ti e s i ts s e ve n m ou th s i n to t he s e a i t l e av e s p , F far b e h i n d i t e ve ry th i n g th a t i s d i s ti nc t i ve l y Egyp t i an o r . t t s v t t 1 S i h m b t t ruc u res e r n g as en ran c es o e o s . . P ho e n i c i a C a rth ag e G re e c e R o me th e M e di t err an e a n i s a o r , , , , m e a n s o f c o n n e c ti o n f h u m a n r a o rt o f c o m m e rc i a l e x o pp , , c h an ge s f c on q ue s ts th e c o m m o n c e n te r o f a w o rl d wh i c h c a n o ; , s e e i ts e l f fro m h to t h e o th e r B u t fo r Egy p t th e s e a ' o n e s o re . , f m arks th e lim i f a w o rl d o f a n A i w o rl d th u s th e dre a m s t o r c a n ; o f O m m li o r t he ‘ B a n t u h i l o s op h y ’ c a rry re c i o u s e l e t go o e p p , , m e nt s w hi c h h e l u s to u n d e rs t a n d b e tte r c ert a i n a s e c ts f p p o E g y t i a re l i g i o u s th o u g h t b u t w e m u s t e x e c t to fi n d l i ttl e p n p f P l a to n i c th o u g h t i n th i s wo rl d o . T s e e k i n Eg yp ti a n c i v i l i za ti o a fi r s t ve r s i o n s ti l l i m p er fe c t o n , , f G re c o L a ti n h u m an i s m i s t hu s a fru i t l e s s qu e s t O n e m u s t o - . , o n t he c o n tr ary u n d er s t a n d t h a t a fo rm o f h um a n i s m t ot al l y , i n d e e n de n t f o u rs ro d u c e d b y a s o c i e ty w i th o u t a n y i m m e p o p , d i a te o n n ec t i o n w i th o u rs h a s b e e n a b l e cre at e w o rk s e qu a l t c o , to tho s e w h i c h d i ffere n t n e e d s h av e b ro u g h t fo rt h i n o u r s o c i e ty . I f w e c a n r e n o u n c e m o d e r n m a n ’ s p r i de a n d c o n s e n t fo r a t i m e n o t to c o m p ar e th e te m l e o f Lu xo r to a c a th e dr al th e p , P h ar ao h to th e c u rr e n t h e a d o f a m o n arc hy a ro y a l s ep u l c hr e , h m b f N a ol e o n i f w e c a n a d m i t th at t h e d i v i n e b e i n g s t t ' t o e o o p ; wo rs h i e d i n Egy t h av e l i ttl e i n c o m m o n w i t h th e go ds f p p o O l y m u s o f th e e l eg i ac s an d f R o n s ard a n d h av e e v e n l e s s t p o o , , d w i th th e g o d o f h J w o f t h e Ch ri s t i a n s f th e M o s l e m s t o eJ e s o r o - , , , we w i l l h av e s o m e c h a n c e o f u n d e rs t a n di n g w h a t c o n s t i tu te d the Egy t i a n ‘re l i g i o n ’ We w i l l n o l o n g e r b e a s to n i s h e d to s e e th e p . to m b s e x al t t he fo rc e s o f l i fe th e d i v i n e a e ari n g i n e veryth i n g pp , w h i c h i s c a a b l e o f m o ve m e n t o r o f ac ti o n We c a n i n w a n d eri n g p . , thro u g h th e te m l e s u n d e rs t a n d a l l th a t a e r fec t b ut r c a ri o u s p p p e , u n i ve rs e so u g h t th ro u g h v i g i l a n c e a n d c ar e to c o n s e rv e i ts ori g i n al s t ab i l i ty . There ar e" m a ny w ay s o f e n e tr a ti n g i n t o th e i n t i m ate l i v e s f p o th e a n c i e n t Egyp ti a n s e ac h w ay re v e a l i n g s o m e a s e c t f t he i r p o , d a i l y l i fe s o m e u s to m ary tr ai t s o m e e i s o d e f th e i r n a ti o n a l c p o , , h i sto ry I f w e try rev i v e th e ol d Ph a r ao h s w w i l l tu rn t o e o n e . , b y th e gl o ri o u s a g e s o f th e a s t s o m e o f th e m u n h a p y o n e p p p , o n e s b u t w e w i l l re c o n s tr uc t o n ly th e o ffi c i a l fr a m e wo r k o f , Egy t i a n l i fe I f w e try t o d e s c ri b e th e i n n u m e r ab l e l i v e s f th e p o . l i ttl e e o l e arti s a n s f t h e v i l l a g e s a n d p e as a n t s f th e fi el ds p p o o , , we w i l l on l y s u c c e e d i n e l ab o r a ti n g a n e rr a t i c al l y d o cu m e n te d h i s tor y o f th e s o c i al an d e c o n o m i c c o n d i ti o n s f th e c o u n tr y o w i th o u t h av i n g e ve r re ac h e d th e i n d i v i du a l l i v e s o f t h es e m f en o l o n g I f w e g o th e s cr i b e s to t h e r ec o rd er s f P h a ao n i c t ago o o r . , Egyp t m a n y asp e c ts o f th e i n te l l e c tu a l a dm i n i s tr at i v e a n d s o c i a l , , , l i fe w i l l ap p e ar to u s w i th a g r e a t l u xu ry o f d e t a i l a n d th e p i c ur e t , em erg i n g fro m i t w i l l b e b o th c o l o r fu l a n d tru th fu l . I n c h o o s i n g fo r g u i d e s th e ri e s t s o f a n c i e n t Eg yp t h ow e ve r p , , w e h t o l e a d th e r e a d er i n to a w o rl d w h i c h i s ev e n m or e 0 pe c h ar ac t er i s ti c t h a t fr el i g i o u th o u g h t a n d l i fe P o l i ti c a l r e g i m e s : o s . , s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s e c o n o m i c f a c to rs a r e p ro fo u n d l y mo d i fi e d i n , t h e c o u rs e f c e n tu r i e s b a t l e a s t a sp e c t f a n c i e n t Eg yp t t o ; u o n e o r em a i n s c o n s t a n t th e a tt ac h m e n t d u ri n g m o re th an t h re e th o u : , s a n d y e ars f th e s e eo l e t o t he i r re l i g i o u s b e l i e fs an d th e o p p , , g e n e r a l s c h em e ac c or d i n g to w h i c h th ey d e fi ne d th e re l at i o n s h i p f m t o t h e u n i ve rs e a n d t o th e fo rc e s w h i c h ru l e i t O o an ur . i n qu i r y t h e n s e e k s t o a n sw e r s e v er a l qu e s t i o n s w h i c h a re b or n , , . i n e v i t a b l y fro m a s u rv e y o f E g yp t w hy t h e s e tem p l e s a n d t he s e : t om b s ? Wh y t h e s e n u m b er l es s re l i e fs t he s e s t a t u e s c a rve d fro m , h a r d es t s to n e ? Wh y o n e ac h w a l l o n e ac h s te l a e ac h o bj c t e on , , , , th es e h o u s a n d s o f h i ero g l y h i cs ? Wh a t m e l i v e d i n th e s e t p n te m l e s a n d w h at w er e th e i r th o u gh ts ? p , N H H LEA FI G T RO UG O LD T EX T S Wh a t v i s i to r w a n d er i n g th r o u g h t h e m u s e um s n e v e r p au s e s , m a t l e a st f a fe w b m b e fore t h e w o n der fu l s t a tu e s f t o r e n s o , p r i e s ts w h i c h h av e d i s c l o s e d th e g r e a te s t p e ri o d s f E t o u s o gyp t i a n ar t ? Th e te c h n i c a l e r fe c ti o n f t h e w o r k th e b e au ty f t h e p o o , m a te r i a l b r e cc i a 1 d k l g r a y gr a n i t e i n d i c a t e th e e x t ar s a e , , . t i l qu a l i ty f th e w o rk B ut w h at i s t h e p ro v o k i n g r i d d l e c ep o n a o . f th e f ac e s ? Wh a t t h o u g h ts ar e h i d d e n b e h i n d th e s e s er e n e o fe atu re s w h at i gh ts h av e b e e n s e e n b y t h e s e gre at ope n ey e s S , , l o n ger a n i m ate d b y a n i n n e r p i ri t ? n o S L e a fi n g th rou g h th e t e x ts qu i c k l y th e r e ap p e ar s ev e r a l l au d a , “ to r y i n s c ri p ti o n s ‘ H e w a s d i s c r e e t a b ou t w h a t h e s aw a wis e : , m d re s s e d i n h i s h ab i t w el l l i k e d b y h i s fel l o w c i ti z e n s a m an - ; an , , wh o s e c o m i g w a s re m ark e d tru l y ap p re c i a te d b y h i s t o wn n , , p r a i s e d b y h i f a th e r p a m p e re d b y h i s m o th er w e l l l i k e d b y h i s s - , , b ro th e rs A n d t h e s e k i n d w o r d s are r ep e at e d fr om p e d e s t a l . p e d e s t a l fro m s t a tu e s t atu e v a y i n g s o m e ti m e s i n t h e i r t t o o r , , te rm s e x al ti n g su c h a n d s u c h a sp e c t f t h e l i fe f t h e d e c e a s e d o o , , a l w ay s e n l i g ht e n i n g e n d l e s s l y as s o ci a t i n g s o c i al qu a l i t i e s w i th , th e h i gh e s t sp i ri tu a l p re o c c up a ti o n s . S o m e th i n g f t h e an c i e n t l i fe i s thu s r ev i v d u n d er e y e s o e o ur : k s l f t t t th 1 A m d f m m d ro c c o po e o an gu ar rag en s c e en e o ge er . .

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o f these people to their religious beliefs, and the general schem e according to which they defined the relationship o f m an to the universe and to the forces which rule it. Our inquiry, then, seeks . to answer several questions which are born inevitably from a survey of Egypt: why these temples
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