Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements Sensometrics in Sensory Evaluation Sensory Discrimination Tests and Measurements Sensometrics in Sensory Evaluation Second Edition Jian Bi SensometricsResearchandService Richmond,Virginia,USA Thiseditionfirstpublished2015©2015byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd. Registeredoffice:JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices:9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeUK Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,in anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedby theUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrandnames andproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheir respectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthor(s)haveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyorcompletenessof thecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessfora particularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessional servicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessional adviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor. ISBN:9781118733530 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbe availableinelectronicbooks. Coverimage:©istock.com/traffic_analyzer Setin10/12ptTimesbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India 1 2015 Tomyfamily Brief Contents Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv Aboutthecompanionwebsite xvii 1 Introduction 1 2 Measurementsofsensorydifference/similarity:Thurstonian discriminaldistance 8 3 Measurementsofsensorydifference/similarity:areaunderROC curveinSignalDetectionTheory 42 4 Differencetesting 60 5 Similarity(equivalence)testing 98 6 Bayesianapproachtodiscriminationtests 139 7 Modifieddiscriminationtests 162 8 Multiple-samplediscriminationtests 202 9 Replicateddiscriminationtests:beta-binomialmodel 255 10 Replicateddiscriminationtests:correctedbeta-binomialmodel 283 11 Replicateddiscriminationtests:Dirichlet–multinomial(DM)model 301 12 Measurementsofsensorythresholds 329 13 Measurementsofsensoryriskwithnegativesensoryeffects 345 14 Measurementsoftimeintensity 365 15 Measurementsofsensoryshelflife 398 16 Measurementsoftheperformanceofatrainedsensorypanel andpanelists 412 vii viii briefcontents 17 Measurementsofconsumeremotionsandpsychographics 444 18 Measurementsoftherelativeimportanceofattributes 463 AppendixA ListofR/S-Pluscodes,datafiles,andpackages usedinthebook 486 References 489 AuthorIndex 517 SubjectIndex 525