Sensors, Cloud, and Fog: The Enabling Technologies for the Internet of Things

285 Pages·2019·10.455 MB·\285

by  Sudip Misra (Author), Subhadeep Sarkar (Author), Subarna Chatterjee (Author)

Sensors, Cloud, and Fog:
The Enabling
Technologies for the
Internet of Things

Sensors, Cloud, and Fog:
The Enabling
Technologies for the
Internet of Things
Sudip Misra
Subhadeep Sarkar
Subarna Chatterjee
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Names:Misra,Sudip,author.|Sarkar,Subhadeep,author.|Chatterjee,Subarna,author.
Title:Sensors,cloud,andfog:theenablingtechnologiesfortheinternetofthings/SudipMisra,
SubhadeepSarkar,SubarnaChatterjee.
Description:BocaRaton:Taylor&Francis,aCRCtitle,partoftheTaylor&Francisimprint,
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Includesbibliographicalreferences.
Identifiers:LCCN2019020922(print)|ISBN9780367196127(pb:acid-freepaper)
Subjects:LCSH:Internetofthings.
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Contents
Foreword.....................................................................................................xiii
Preface ..........................................................................................................xv
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................xix
AbouttheAuthors........................................................................................xxi
PARTI INTRODUCTION
1 HistoryandEvolutionofCloudComputing .....................................3
1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................3
1.1.1 ClassificationofCloudComputing ....................................4
1.1.2 CloudComputingDeploymentModels .............................4
1.1.3 CloudComputingServiceModels......................................6
1.2 ComputationinCloud ..................................................................7
1.2.1 ResourceManagement........................................................8
1.2.2 Virtualization....................................................................11
1.2.3 GreenComputing.............................................................16
1.3 CloudApplications......................................................................17
1.4 Summary .....................................................................................18
Reference .....................................................................................19
2 SensorNetworksandtheCloud ......................................................25
2.1 WirelessSensorNetworks............................................................26
2.1.1 BackgroundandEvolution ...............................................26
2.1.2 DesignofaSensorNode...................................................32
2.1.3 ApplicationsofSensorNetworks ......................................33
2.1.4 ChallengesandConstraints...............................................34
2.2 UnificationofWSNswithCloud:DawnofaNewEra ...............36
2.2.1 TheSignificanceofCloudComputing .............................36
2.2.2 HowDoesIntegrationWork?ExampleScenarios.............37
2.2.3 Challenges ........................................................................40
2.3 Summary .....................................................................................41
Reference .....................................................................................43
vii
■
viii Contents
3 IntroductiontotheInternetofThings ............................................47
3.1 InceptionandBackground...........................................................48
3.1.1 Definition.........................................................................48
3.1.2 Characteristics...................................................................50
3.2 IoTMiddleware...........................................................................52
3.3 IoTApplications..........................................................................54
3.3.1 Healthcare ........................................................................55
3.3.2 SmartCityApplications....................................................55
3.3.3 SmartHome.....................................................................55
3.3.4 Telecommunication..........................................................56
3.3.5 SupplyChainManagement ..............................................56
3.4 OpenResearchChallengesandFutureTrends.............................56
3.5 Summary .....................................................................................59
Reference .....................................................................................60
PART2 THESENSOR-CLOUDPARADIGM
4 TheSensor-Cloudvs.SensorsandtheCloud ..................................65
4.1 WhatIstheSensor-Cloud? ..........................................................66
4.2 BackgroundoftheSensor-Cloud.................................................67
4.2.1 MotivationoftheSensor-Cloud .......................................67
4.2.2 ActorsoftheSensor-Cloud...............................................68
4.2.3 ArchitectureoftheSensor-Cloud......................................69
4.2.4 ViewsoftheSensor-Cloud................................................70
4.3 SensorVirtualization....................................................................73
4.3.1 ConfigurationsofVirtualization .......................................73
4.3.2 CharacterizationofVirtualization.....................................74
4.4 Sensor-CloudApplications...........................................................76
4.4.1 CaseStudies......................................................................76
4.5 SomeInsights ..............................................................................79
4.5.1 PerformanceMetrics.........................................................79
4.5.2 PerformanceEvaluation....................................................81
4.6 Summary .....................................................................................84
Reference .....................................................................................86
5 DataFlowintheSensor-Cloud........................................................89
5.1 Introduction ................................................................................89
5.2 CompositionofaVirtualSensor..................................................89
5.2.1 AlgorithmsforOptimalComposition...............................91
5.2.2 CoV-I:CompositionofVSwithintheSameRegion ........91
5.2.3 CoV-II:CompositionofVSandVSGacross
MultipleRegions ..............................................................92
■
Contents ix
5.2.4 PerformanceEvaluationofCoVs......................................93
5.3 DataManagement .......................................................................94
5.3.1 DataCaching....................................................................94
5.3.2 DataTransmission..........................................................101
5.4 Summary ...................................................................................110
Reference ...................................................................................112
6 PricingandNetworkingintheSensor-Cloud................................115
6.1 ScenarioforPricing....................................................................116
6.2 TheModelforPricing ...............................................................116
6.2.1 AssumptionsoftheModel..............................................117
6.3 pH:PricingAttributedtoHardware..........................................119
6.3.1 SelectionoftheNextHopNode ....................................119
6.3.2 Context-AwarePricing....................................................120
6.4 pI:PricingAttributedtoInfrastructure......................................121
6.5 Real-LifeApplicability:ACaseStudy ........................................123
6.6 Networking................................................................................123
6.7 SystemDescription....................................................................126
6.8 FormalDefinitionoftheProblem..............................................126
6.9 ComplexityAnalysis ..................................................................129
6.10 Summary...................................................................................130
Reference...................................................................................131
7 Sensor-CloudforInternetofThings..............................................133
7.1 Introduction ..............................................................................133
7.2 EnablingIoTthroughSensor-Cloud..........................................134
7.2.1 ContributionsthroughArchitecture................................134
7.2.2 ContributionsthroughFunctionalities............................137
7.2.3 ContributionsthroughtheLifeCycle.............................137
7.3 Summary ...................................................................................139
Reference ...................................................................................141
PARTIII FROMTHECORETOTHEEDGE:FOG
8 Fog:TheNext-GenCloud .............................................................145
8.1 IntroductiontoFogComputing................................................146
8.1.1 WhereDoesCloudComputingFallShort? ....................147
8.1.2 Definition.......................................................................149
8.1.3 FogversusOtherComputingParadigms ........................151
8.1.4 WhereThereIsFog,ThereIsCloud ..............................158
8.2 CharacteristicsofFogComputing .............................................160