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Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 999 Girolamo Di Francia Corrado Di Natale Editors Sensors and Microsystems Proceedings of AISEM 2022 Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Volume 999 SeriesEditors LeopoldoAngrisani,DepartmentofElectricalandInformationTechnologiesEngineering,UniversityofNapoli FedericoII,Naples,Italy MarcoArteaga,DepartamentdeControlyRobótica,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,Coyoacán, Mexico BijayaKetanPanigrahi,ElectricalEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyDelhi,NewDelhi,Delhi,India SamarjitChakraborty,FakultätfürElektrotechnikundInformationstechnik,TUMünchen,Munich,Germany JimingChen,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China ShanbenChen,MaterialsScienceandEngineering,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,Shanghai,China TanKayChen,DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore, Singapore,Singapore RüdigerDillmann,HumanoidsandIntelligentSystemsLaboratory,KarlsruheInstituteforTechnology, Karlsruhe,Germany HaibinDuan,BeijingUniversityofAeronauticsandAstronautics,Beijing,China GianluigiFerrari,UniversitàdiParma,Parma,Italy ManuelFerre,CentreforAutomationandRoboticsCAR(UPM-CSIC),UniversidadPolitécnicadeMadrid, Madrid,Spain SandraHirche,DepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandInformationScience,TechnischeUniversität München,Munich,Germany FaryarJabbari,DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering,UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA, USA LiminJia,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China JanuszKacprzyk,SystemsResearchInstitute,PolishAcademyofSciences,Warsaw,Poland AlaaKhamis,GermanUniversityinEgyptElTagamoaElKhames,NewCairoCity,Egypt TorstenKroeger,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA YongLi,HunanUniversity,Changsha,Hunan,China QilianLiang,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,UniversityofTexasatArlington,Arlington,TX,USA FerranMartín,Departamentd’EnginyeriaElectrònica,UniversitatAutònomadeBarcelona,Bellaterra, Barcelona,Spain TanCherMing,CollegeofEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore,Singapore WolfgangMinker,InstituteofInformationTechnology,UniversityofUlm,Ulm,Germany PradeepMisra,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering,WrightStateUniversity,Dayton,OH,USA SebastianMöller,QualityandUsabilityLaboratory,TUBerlin,Berlin,Germany SubhasMukhopadhyay,SchoolofEngineeringandAdvancedTechnology,MasseyUniversity, PalmerstonNorth,Manawatu-Wanganui,NewZealand Cun-ZhengNing,ElectricalEngineering,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ,USA ToyoakiNishida,GraduateSchoolofInformatics,KyotoUniversity,Kyoto,Japan LucaOneto,DepartmentofInformatics,Bioengineering,RoboticsandSystemsEngineering,UniversityofGenova, Genova,Genova,Italy FedericaPascucci,DipartimentodiIngegneria,UniversitàdegliStudiRomaTre,Roma,Italy YongQin,StateKeyLaboratoryofRailTrafficControlandSafety,BeijingJiaotongUniversity,Beijing,China GanWoonSeng,SchoolofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity, Singapore,Singapore JoachimSpeidel,InstituteofTelecommunications,UniversitätStuttgart,Stuttgart,Germany GermanoVeiga,CampusdaFEUP,INESCPorto,Porto,Portugal HaitaoWu,AcademyofOpto-electronics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China WalterZamboni,DIEM—UniversitàdeglistudidiSalerno,Fisciano,Salerno,Italy JunjieJamesZhang,Charlotte,NC,USA ThebookseriesLectureNotesinElectricalEngineering(LNEE)publishesthelatestdevelopments in Electrical Engineering—quickly, informally and in high quality. While original research reported in proceedings and monographs has traditionally formed the core of LNEE, we also encourage authors to submit books devoted to supporting student education and professional training in the various fields and applications areas of electrical engineering. The series cover classicalandemergingtopicsconcerning: (cid:129) CommunicationEngineering,InformationTheoryandNetworks (cid:129) ElectronicsEngineeringandMicroelectronics (cid:129) Signal,ImageandSpeechProcessing (cid:129) WirelessandMobileCommunication (cid:129) CircuitsandSystems (cid:129) EnergySystems,PowerElectronicsandElectricalMachines (cid:129) Electro-opticalEngineering (cid:129) InstrumentationEngineering (cid:129) AvionicsEngineering (cid:129) ControlSystems (cid:129) Internet-of-ThingsandCybersecurity (cid:129) BiomedicalDevices,MEMSandNEMS Forgeneralinformationaboutthisbookseries,commentsorsuggestions,pleasecontactleontina. [email protected]. To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the Publishing Editor in yourcountry: China JasmineDou,Editor([email protected]) India,Japan,RestofAsia SwatiMeherishi,EditorialDirector([email protected]) SoutheastAsia,Australia,NewZealand RameshNathPremnath,Editor([email protected]) USA,Canada MichaelLuby,SeniorEditor([email protected]) AllotherCountries LeontinaDiCecco,SeniorEditor([email protected]) **ThisseriesisindexedbyEICompendexandScopusdatabases.** Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttps://link.springer.com/bookseries/7818 Girolamo Di Francia Corrado Di Natale (cid:129) Editors Sensors and Microsystems Proceedings of AISEM 2022 123 Editors Girolamo DiFrancia Corrado DiNatale ENEA Department ofElectronic Engineering Portici, Italy University of RomeTor Vergata Rome, Italy ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic) Lecture Notesin Electrical Engineering ISBN978-3-031-25705-6 ISBN978-3-031-25706-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25706-3 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors, and the editorsare safeto assume that the adviceand informationin this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface This book collects some of the papers presented at the XXI Italian Conference on Sensors and Microsystems. The conference was held on-line on 10th and 11th February 2022. The conference was held during the last phase of the pandemics, and it was an occasion for the sensors community to meet again and to restart the research activities. Pandemics strongly affected the research; during lockdown, most of the laboratories were closed, so it is amazing that even in this harsh condition, the research actually did not stop, and researchers have been able to pursue their activities. ThenumberofpapersinthiseditionoftheproceedingsoftheItalianConference onSensorsandMicrosystemsisconspicuouslysmallerrespecttotheothereditions, nonetheless, we believe it is a demonstration that the research on sensors never stops even in difficult circumstances. Thus, it is a sign of recognition of the resi- lience of those that even in these conditions produced results, and it is a promise thatoncefulloperativityisrestored,theresearchonsensorsandrelatedtechnology will return to flourish. Our thanks to the members of the AISEM steering committee for their com- mitment and to the company Athena Consulting srl for providing the excellent technical support that made possible the conference. Girolamo Di Francia Corrado Di Natale v Associazione Italiana Sensori E Microsistemi www.aisem.eu Steering Committee Bruno Ando’ University of Catania Dario Compagnone University of Teramo Elisabetta Comini University of Brescia Sabrina Conoci University of Messina Francesco Baldini CNR–Institute of Applied Physics, Firenze Giovanni Betta University of Cassino Girolamo Di Francia ENEA-Portici Corrado Di Natale University of Rome Tor Vergata (Chairperson) Vittorio Ferrari University of Brescia Leandro Lorenzelli Foundation Bruno Kessler, Trento Giovanna Marrazza University of Firenze Anna Grazia Mignani CNR Institute of Applied Physics, Firenze Giovanni Neri University of Messina Pietro Siciliano CNR–Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce vii Contents Albumin-Based Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors for PFAS Detection: A Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 G.Moro, F. Chiavaioli, P. Zubiate, I.Del Villar,F. Baldini, K.De Wael, L. M. Moretto, and A. Giannetti Coronavirus Label-Free Immunosensor: Preliminary Results . . . . . . . . 16 R. Cancelliere, Laura Micheli, E. Suffredini, S. Bellucci, G. Betta, L. Ferrigno, A. Maffucci, and G. Miele Characterization of Temperature Distribution in Microfluidic Chip for DNA Amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Nicola Lovecchio, Francesca Costantini, Martina Orsatti, Lorenzo Iannascoli, Augusto Nascetti, Giampiero de Cesare, and Domenico Caputo Compliant Multi-hinge Microgripper for Biomanipulation: Microbeads Grasping Feasibility Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Alessio Buzzin, Andrea Veroli, Federica Vurchio, Pietro Ursi, Andrea Scorza, Salvatore Andrea Sciuto, Giampiero de Cesare, and Nicola Pio Belfiore Investigation on the Sensing Properties at Room Temperature of a Graphene/SnO Nanocomposite Towards CO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2 2 Maria Lucia Miglietta, Brigida Alfano, Tiziana Polichetti, Ettore Massera, Fausta Loffredo, Fulvia Villani, Anna De Girolamo Del Mauro, and Paola Delli Veneri 3D-Printed Face Mask with Integrated Sensors as Protective and Monitoring Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Silvia Casalinuovo, Alessio Buzzin, Antonio Mastrandrea, Ivan Mazzetta, Marcello Barbirotta, Lorenzo Iannascoli, Augusto Nascetti, Giampiero de Cesare, Donatella Puglisi, and Domenico Caputo ix x Contents Capacitive Gas Sensors with Porphyrinoids Coated SiO Hybrid 2 Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 MounikaMudiganti,GabrieleMagna,LorenaDiZazzo,RobertoPaolesse, and Corrado Di Natale Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds by Using a Nanoporous Zeolite Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 G. Oliva, A. S. Fiorillo, and S. A. Pullano Role of IR and UV-Vis Spectroscopies Combined with Electrical Measurements in Materials Relevant for Gas Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Ambra Fioravanti, Sara Morandi, Stefano Lettieri, Michele Sacerdoti, Pietro Marani, and Maria Cristina Carotta AHighAccuracyQCMBasedSensingSystemforinWaterAmmonia Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Ada Fort, Anna Lo Grasso, Elia Landi, Marco Mugnaini, Enza Panzardi, Valerio Vignoli, Luigi Talarico, Marco Consumi, and Agnese Magnani A Portable Electrochemical Platform for Cobalt Detection In-Field. . . . 71 Giulia Selvolini, Matteo Nuzzo, Bianca Melean, Magdolna Casian, Oana Hosu, Cecilia Cristea, and Giovanna Marrazza Ethanol and Glucose Determination by DCFC Working in Batch or Flow Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Mauro Tomassetti, Mauro Castrucci, Emanuele Dell’Aglio, Luigi Campanella, Riccardo Pezzilli, and Corrado Di Natale Voltammetric Determination of H O Using a GC-LDH-Proline 2 2 Catalytic Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Mauro Tomassetti, Riccardo Pezzilli, Giuseppe Prestopino, Pier Gianni Medaglia, and Corrado Di Natale Colorimetry by a Smartphone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Leonardo Ciaccheri, Barbara Adinolfi, Andrea A. Mencaglia, and Anna G. Mignani Nafion-Based Chipless RFID Humidity Sensor for Smart Tag Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Giada Marchi, Viviana Mulloni, Massimo Donelli, and Leandro Lorenzelli Metal Nanoparticles on Board of Low-Cost Devices for Optical Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Annalisa Scroccarello, Filippo Silveri, Flavio Della Pelle, and Dario Compagnone Soiling Detection Investigation in Solar Irradiance Sensors Systems . . . 111 Elena Esposito, Gianni Leanza, and Girolamo Di Francia Contents xi Actively Controlled Synchronized-Switch Harvesting on Inductor for Piezoelectric Transducers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Laura Landi, Cinzia Tamburini, and Aldo Romani LoRa-Based Wireless Sensor Network System for Aquatic Elements and Flood Early Warning Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Mattia Ragnoli, Gianluca Barile, Alfiero Leoni, Giuseppe Ferri, Andrea Pelliccione, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Dina Del Tosto Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study in Controlled Environment for Particulate Matter Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Ettore Massera, Luigi Barretta, Maria Lucia Miglietta, Brigida Alfano, and Tiziana Polichetti 3D-Printed Capacitive Accelerometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Massimo Scarsella, Gianluca Barile, Laura Iacoboni, Stefano Ricci, Vincenzo Stornelli, and Giuseppe Ferri A Novel Sensor Node for Smart Personal Protective Equipment . . . . . . 141 Fabrizio Formisano, Antonio Del Giudice, Michele Dellutri, Girolamo Di Francia, Giuseppe Loffredo, Armando Picardi, and Stefano Salvatori Radar Sensor System for Unobtrusive Level Monitoring of Granular Solids Stored in Silos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Marco Zini, Marco Baù, Fabio Scubla, Matteo Loda, Giuseppe Stefini, Alessandro Nastro, Marco Ferrari, and Vittorio Ferrari Fusion Analysis of a Palmprint-Hand Geometry Multimodal Ultrasound Recognition System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Monica Micucci and Antonio Iula Algorithm for Velocity Estimation in a Multivariable Motion Sensor . . 160 Federico Mazzoli, Davide Alghisi, and Vittorio Ferrari Analysis of Logic Schemes for the Optical Implementation of Pointwise Operations in Gated Recurrent Unit Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Badrul Alam, Andrea Ceschini, Antonello Rosato, Massimo Panella, and Rita Asquini Deep Learning for a Comprehensive Transformer Fault Detection Through Vibrational Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Valerio Rucconi, Letizia De Maria, Daniele Bartalesi, Bau Valecillos, Simone Garatti, and Sergio Bittanti PM Sensor Based on Piezoelettric MEMS: Mock Up. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 L. Barretta and F. Foncellino