Sensorimotor rehabilitation : at the crossroads of basic and clinical sciences PDF
Preview Sensorimotor rehabilitation : at the crossroads of basic and clinical sciences
Serial Editor Vincent Walsh InstituteofCognitiveNeuroscience UniversityCollegeLondon 17QueenSquare LondonWC1N3ARUK Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UK 225WymanStreet,Waltham,MA02451,USA Firstedition2015 Copyright#2015ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandour arrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyright LicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). 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ISBN:978-0-444-63565-5 ISSN:0079-6123 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatstore.elsevier.com Contributors Joseph Alarcon Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and ComputerEngineering, Ryerson University, Toronto,ON, Canada OlivierAlluin DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC),FacultyofMedicine,Universite´ deMontre´al,andSensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team ofthe Canadian Instituteof Health Research, Montreal, Quebec,Canada Lea Awai Spinal CordInjuryCenter,BalgristUniversity Hospital, Zu€rich,Switzerland StuartN.Baker Institute ofNeuroscience, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK DorothyBarthe´lemy SchoolofRehabilitation,Universite´ deMontre´al,andCentreforInterdisciplinary ResearchinRehabilitationofGreaterMontreal,Institutdere´adaptationGingras- Lindsay de Montre´al, SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Teamof the CanadianInstituteofHealth Research,Montreal, Canada Fin Biering-Sørensen Clinics for Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshospitalet and Glostrup hospital,Hornbæk, Denmark € KathrinBosl HELIOS Klinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany David W.Cadotte DivisionofNeurosurgery,DepartmentofSurgery,FacultyofMedicine,University ofToronto,and Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada Jaehoon Choe Departments ofIntegrative Biologyand Physiology, and Department of Neuroscience, University ofCalifornia, LosAngeles, CA,USA Julien Cohen-Adad Institute ofBiomedical Engineering, Ecole Polytechniquede Montre´al, SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe Canadian Institute ofHealth Research, Montreal, QC,Canada Dale Corbett Heart &Stroke Foundation CanadianPartnership for Stroke Recovery and Department ofCellular &Molecular Medicine,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada v vi Contributors ArminCurt SpinalCord Injury Center,Balgrist University Hospital,Zu€rich, Switzerland NumaDancause De´partement deNeurosciences, and Groupede Recherche surleSyste`me Nerveux Central(GRSNC), Faculty ofMedicine, SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe CanadianInstitute ofHealth Research,Universite´ de Montre´al,Montre´al,QC, Canada HugoDelivet-Mongrain DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC), Faculty ofMedicine, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada V. Reggie Edgerton DepartmentsofIntegrativeBiologyandPhysiology;DepartmentofNeurobiology; Department ofNeurosurgery, and Brain Research Institute,University of California, Los Angeles, CA,USA Steve A.Edgley Department ofPhysiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK ManuelEscalona DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC), Faculty ofMedicine, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Hamza Farooq Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RyersonUniversity, Toronto,ON, Canada JamesW. Fawcett Department ofClinical Neuroscience, John vanGeest Centrefor Brain Repair, University ofCambridge, Robinson Way, CA, UK Michael G.Fehlings DepartmentofGeneticsandDevelopment,TorontoWesternResearchInstitute, Toronto Western Hospital,University HealthNetwork,Division ofNeurosurgery, Department ofSurgery, Faculty ofMedicine, Institute ofMedicalSciences, University ofToronto,Toronto,ON, Canada Eberhard E.Fetz Department ofPhysiology and Biophysics, Washington National Primate ResearchCenter,University ofWashington, Seattle, WA, USA EdelleC. Field-Fote Crawford Research Institute,Shepherd Center, Atlanta, GA, USA KarenM. Fisher Institute ofNeuroscience,NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne,UK Contributors vii Joyce Fung SchoolofPhysicaland Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal; Feil/Oberfeld ResearchCentre,Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval,and Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research inRehabilitation (CRIR), SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe Canadian Institute ofHealth Research, Montreal, Quebec,Canada Parag Gad Departments ofIntegrative Biologyand Physiology, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles,CA, USA Helen Genis Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and ComputerEngineering, Ryerson University, Toronto,ON, Canada Yury Gerasimenko Departments ofIntegrative Biologyand Physiology, University ofCalifornia, LosAngeles,CA,USA;PavlovInstituteofPhysiology,St.Petersburg,andInstitute ofFundamentalMedicineandBiology,KazanFederalUniversity,Kazan,Russia Mariana Gomez-Smith FacultyofMedicine,andCanadianPartnershipforStrokeRecovery,Universityof Ottawa,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada Monica A. Gorassini Department ofBiomedical Engineering; FacultyofMedicineand Dentistry, and Neuroscience and MentalHealth Institute, University ofAlberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Jean-Pierre Gossard DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC),FacultyofMedicine,Universite´ deMontre´al,andSensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team ofthe Canadian Instituteof Health Research, Montreal, Quebec,Canada Matthew Jeffers FacultyofMedicine,andCanadianPartnershipforStrokeRecovery,Universityof Ottawa,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada Jamil Jivraj Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory, Department ofElectrical and ComputerEngineering, Ryerson University, Toronto,ON, Canada Dorsa Beroukhim Kay DivisionofBiokinesiologyandPhysicalTherapy,OstrowSchoolofDentistry,and NeuroscienceGraduateProgram,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,LosAngeles, CA, USA Mohamad Khazaei DepartmentofGeneticsandDevelopment,TorontoWesternResearchInstitute, University HealthNetwork, Toronto, Ontario, Canada viii Contributors Aritra Kundu DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC), Faculty ofMedicine, Universite´ de Montre´al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada AnoukLamontagne SchoolofPhysical and OccupationalTherapy, McGill University, Montreal; Feil/Oberfeld Research Centre, Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital,Laval,and Montreal Centrefor Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Teamof theCanadianInstituteofHealth Research, Montreal,Quebec,Canada JessicaLivingston-Thomas FacultyofMedicine,andCanadianPartnershipforStrokeRecovery,Universityof Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Jitka L€udemann-Podubecka´ HELIOSKlinik Kipfenberg, Kipfenberg, Germany Henrik Lundell Department ofExercise and Sport Sciences; Department ofNeuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, and Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research,Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre,Hvidovre,Denmark FrancineMalouin Faculty ofMedicine,Department of Rehabilitation, Universite´ Laval; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en re´adaptation et inte´gration sociale (CIRRIS), Institutde re´adaptation en de´ficience physiquede Que´bec (IRDPQ), and SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Teamof theCanadianInstituteofHealth Research, Quebec,Canada BabakK. Mansoori De´partement deBiologie mole´culaire, Biochimie me´dicaleet pathologie, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec,QC, Canada MarinaMartinez DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC),FacultyofMedicine,Universite´ deMontre´al,andSensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe CanadianInstitute ofHealthResearch, Montreal, Quebec, Canada SylvieNadeau (cid:2) Ecolede re´adaptation,Universite´ de Montre´al, Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en re´adaptation de Montre´alme´tropolitain(CRIR),Institutde re´adaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montre´al(IRGLM), and SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe CanadianInstitute ofHealthResearch, Quebec, Canada Mandheeraj Singh Nandra Department ofElectrical Engineering,California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, CA, USA Contributors ix CarineNguemeni FacultyofMedicine,andCanadianPartnershipforStrokeRecovery,Universityof Ottawa,Ottawa,Ontario,Canada Jens Bo Nielsen Department ofExercise and Sport Sciences, and Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen,Copenhagen, Denmark Dennis Alexander Nowak HELIOSKlinikKipfenberg,Kipfenberg,andDepartmentofNeurology,University Hospital, Philips University, Marburg, Germany Carol L. Richards FacultyofMedicine, Department ofRehabilitation,Universite´ Laval;Centre interdisciplinaire de rechercheen re´adaptationetinte´gration sociale(CIRRIS), Institut de re´adaptationen de´ficience physique de Que´bec (IRDPQ), and SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe Canadian Institute ofHealth Research, Quebec,Canada Serge Rossignol DepartmentofNeuroscienceandGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveux Central(GRSNC),FacultyofMedicine,Universite´ deMontre´al,andSensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team ofthe Canadian Instituteof Health Research, Montreal, Quebec,Canada Francois D.Roy NeuroscienceandMentalHealthInstitute;DepartmentofPhysicalTherapy,and FacultyofRehabilitationMedicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton,Alberta, Canada Roland R.Roy DepartmentsofIntegrativeBiologyandPhysiology,andBrainResearchInstitute, University ofCalifornia,Los Angeles,CA, USA Samir Sangani SchoolofPhysicaland Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal; Feil/Oberfeld ResearchCentre,Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval,and Montreal Centre for Interdisciplinary Research inRehabilitation (CRIR), SensoriMotor Rehabilitation ResearchTeamofthe Canadian Institute ofHealth Research, Montreal, Quebec,Canada Ahad M. Siddiqui DepartmentofGeneticsandDevelopment,TorontoWesternResearchInstitute, University HealthNetwork, Toronto, Ontario, Canada DemetrisS. Soteropoulos Institute ofNeuroscience, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK John D.Steeves ICORD(InternationalCollaborationOnRepairDiscoveries),BlussonSpinalCord Centre,Vancouver General Hospital, University ofBritish Columbia(UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada x Contributors Yu-Chong Tai Department ofElectrical Engineering,California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, CA, USA Aiko K.Thompson Department ofHealth Sciences and Research, College ofHealth Professions, MedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Charleston,SC,andHelenHayesHospital, NYS Department ofHealth, WestHaverstraw, NY, USA BorisTouvykine De´partement deNeurosciences, PavillonPaul-G-Desmarais, Universite´ de Montre´al,Montre´al,QC, Canada Barry Vuong Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RyersonUniversity, Toronto,ON, Canada MariaWillerslev-Olsen Department ofExercise and Sport Sciences, and Department ofNeuroscience and Pharmacology, University ofCopenhagen, Copenhagen,Denmark Carolee J. Winstein Division ofBiokinesiology and PhysicalTherapy, Ostrow School ofDentistry; DepartmentofNeurology,KeckSchoolofMedicine,andNeuroscienceGraduate Program, University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA Jonathan R.Wolpaw National Center for AdaptiveNeurotechnologies, WadsworthCenter,NYS Department ofHealth,Albany, NY, USA JaynieF. Yang FacultyofMedicineandDentistry;DepartmentofSurgery,andNeuroscienceand MentalHealth Institute,University of Alberta, Edmonton,Alberta, Canada VictorX.D. Yang Biophotonics and Bioengineering Laboratory,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RyersonUniversity; Physical Science—Brain Sciences ResearchProgram, SunnybrookResearchInstitute; Division ofNeurosurgery, SunnybrookHealthSciencesCentre,andDivisionofNeurosurgery,Department of Surgery, Faculty ofMedicine, University ofToronto,Toronto,ON, Canada Boubker Zaaimi Institute ofNeuroscience,NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne,UK Ephrem T.Zewdie Department ofBiomedicalEngineering, and Faculty ofMedicine and Dentistry, University ofAlberta,Edmonton, Alberta,Canada HuiZhong Departmentsof IntegrativeBiologyand Physiology, University of California, LosAngeles, CA, USA Preface ThisbookregroupstheproceedingsofaSymposiumheldinMay2014inMontreal entitled“Rehabilitation:AttheCrossroadsofBasicandClinicalSciences.”Thiswas the36thmeetingoftheGroupedeRecherchesurleSyste`meNerveuxCentralfunded by the Fond de la Recherche du Que´bec-Sante´ (FRQ-S) and was jointly organized with the SensoriMotor Rehabilitation Research Team funded by the Canadian Institutesfor HealthResearch (CIHR). TheSymposiumwasdesignedwithtwomajorgoalsinmind.First,wewantedto bringtogetherbasicandclinicalscientistsinterestedinneurorehabilitation.Transla- tionalresearchshoulddesignmodelsandconductexperimentsthataddresspressing clinicalquestions,whileclinicalresearchersandcliniciansintegratenewknowledge todesignbettertreatmentsandplatforms.Acontinuousdialoguebetweenbasicsci- entists, clinical researchers, and clinicians is necessary for these objectives to be reached.Second,wewantedameetingwherescientistsworkingonspinalcordinjury (SCI) and on stroke could share recent advances in their respective fields and find commonality.Althoughthesetwofieldsareoftenseparateinclinicalandlaboratory settings, ourthoughtswerethatthemechanismsofrecoveryfollowingcentralner- vouslesions,inthespinalcordorinthebrain,followsimilarrulesandthatemerging treatments likely doaswell. We devoted onedaytoSCI andonedaytostroke re- covery.Oneachday,wedesignedthesessionstodiscussclinicalimpairments,on- going clinicaltrials, the investigationofnoveltechniquescurrentlybeingtested in humans, and finally, potential mechanisms involved in spontaneous recovery and how they can be best targeted through therapeuticapproaches. Fromourdiscussions,itwasobviousthatthetreatmentsofbothSCIandstroke faceimportantclinicalchallenges.Thetranslationoffindingsfromclinicalresearch, and even more from animal research, to patient care is not a trivial task. Despite the challenges, we have seen great progress over the years. Perhaps most impor- tantly, the infrastructures to handle future changesof practice are much improved. Clinicalresearchhasalsobeenthrivingwiththeimprovementofnoninvasiveimag- ing techniques and the development of stimulation methods. Both after SCI and stroke, clinical scientists are developing promising treatments using transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, or galvanic stimulation. Although these are exciting times for neurorehabilitation, many ques- tionsremain.Ourcurrentunderstandingofprinciplesofplasticityandmechanisms of postlesion recovery is far from complete. Much of this knowledge can be more efficiently and precisely obtained with research on animal models, which allow better control of confounding factors and the use of invasive techniques and serve toestablishproofsofconcepts.Inthelastdecade,basicscientistshaveincreasingly directedtheirexperimentstowardprovidingcomplementaryinformationtohuman studies. In these animal models, potential treatments of the future, such as neural prostheses, are conceived, developed, and improved. Our guest Plenary Speaker (Eberhard E. Fetz) introduced concepts of closed-loop brain–computer interface xix xx Preface toproduceactivity-dependentstimulationofthebrain,spinalcord,ormuscles.Such methodsmayeventuallybeusedastherapeuticaidsinseveralconditionsandenable us tofurther improve the recovery ofpatientswith SCI andstroke. Whereas basic and clinical research scientists represented two completely iso- latedpopulationsjustafewyearsago,ourSymposium,asreflectedinthiscollection ofcontributionsfromourspeakers,sendstheclearmessagethattranslationisbecom- ing much more a reality than a vague concept. Our discussions highlighted the remarkable consistency inthe keyconclusions between basic andclinical research as well as between the fields of SCI and stroke. Perhaps the strongest take-home message was thateach individual, either after stroke orSCI,isdifferent. Plasticity between patients varies with, for example, lesion size and location, initial impair- ments resulting from the lesion, prelesion lifestyle, and cardiovascular condition and neuropsychological profiles. In these heterogeneous populations, it is unlikely thatasingletreatmentwillapplytoall.Instead,todesignbettertherapies,weneed aclearunderstandingofthebasicmechanismsthroughwhichthesedifferentfactors affectplasticityandrecovery.Withthisknowledge,perhapssomeday,itwillbepos- sibletoindividualizethetreatmentofeachpatientbasedonhisorherclinicalprofile andsurrogatemarkersofpostlesionplasticity.Webelievethiscolossaltaskwillbe achieved through close collaboration between basic and clinical scientists, some- thingthat must benurtured through events such as thissymposium. WewishtoacknowledgeManonDumasandRene´AlbertoftheGRSNCfortheir dailyimplicationintheorganizationofthismeetingaswellasClaudeGauthierand TaniaRostanefortheirsupport.Manythanksalsotoreviewerswhotookthetimeto assessthe abstracts and tocommenton the manuscripts. Finally, our special thanks to the funding organizations: CIHR, FRQ-S, Rick Hansen Institute, Wings for Life, Eli Lilly, Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health and Addiction of CIHR, the Universite´ de Montre´al, and the Faculty of Medicine as well as the Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network (REPAR) for the student posterAwards. N.Dancause S. Nadeau S. Rossignol
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