Sensing the perfect tomato: an Internet of sensing approach

183 Pages·2019·2.079 MB·English

by  Wilson, Denise

HBK|w:139.7mm;h:215.9mm;sp:13.5mm|Design:s22|RAPSticket:205590|Created:20:5224/3/19
Tomatoes are an important crop for their economic value and nutritional S
E
benefits. Optimizing yields for tomato crops requires careful attention to how N
S
and when to harvest both in the context of time-to-market and end use. The
I
N
Internet of Things (IOT), when using distributed and networked sensors, has
G
shown tremendous potential to support precision agriculture, providing a finer
T
resolution, more detailed picture of crops that was not previously possible H
E
using conventional crop monitoring techniques. This book marries the
P
potential of the Internet of Sensors to the needs of tomato farming, in ways E
R
that are economically fruitful, technologically robust, and environmentally
F
sustainable. E
C
T
T
O
M
A
T
O
SENSING THE PERFECT
TOMATO
AN INTERNET OF SENSING APPROACH
Denise Wilson
D
e
n
is
e
W
ils
o
n
aninformabusiness
ISBN 978-0-367-08676-3
,!7IA3G7-aighgd!
www.crcpress.com
CRCPresstitlesareavailableaseBookeditionsinarangeof
digitalformats
Sensing the
Perfect Tomato
An Internet of Sensing Approach

Sensing the
Perfect Tomato
An Internet of Sensing Approach
Denise Wilson
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-367-08676-3 (Hardback)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reason-
able efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and pub-
lisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their
use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material
reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in
this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged, please
write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, repro-
duced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.
copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc.
(CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit orga-
nization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that
have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been
arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wilson, Denise (University of Washington), author.
Title: Sensing the perfect tomato : an Internet of sensing approach / author:
Denise Wilson.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019000729| ISBN 9780367086763
(hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780429023729 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Tomatoes. | Tomatoes--Remote sensing. | Internet of things.
Classification: LCC SB349 .W46 2019 | DDC 635/.642--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019000729
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
To my husband Barry, my sister Heidi, and good coffee.
Without them, no chapter would be complete.

Contents
Author xi
Chapter 1 ◾ T omatoes in History 1
THE ORIGIN 2
THE BAD 3
THE PRETTY 4
THE TURNING POINT 5
THE CRAZE 6
THE BOOM 7
THE UNTHINKABLE 8
THE HOTHOUSE 9
THE FUTURE 10
Chapter 2 ◾ T omatoes in the Diet 13
VITAMIN C 15
VITAMIN K 18
POTASSIUM 20
VITAMIN H/B7/BIOTIN 21
LYCOPENE 23
SUMMARY 24
vii
viii ◾ Contents
Chapter 3 ◾ T he Perfect Tomato 27
COLOR 27
FIRMNESS 30
SUGAR AND ACID CONTENT 31
OTHER TOMATO CHARACTERISTICS 33
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 34
SUMMARY 35
Chapter 4 ◾ S ensors in the Internet of Things 37
THE INTERNET OF THINGS UNVEILED 41
THE INTERNET OF THINGS IN AGRICULTURE 45
Green Eggs and Ham (John Deere) 46
Tackling Tasteless Tomatoes (Analog Devices) 47
Summary 49
INTERNET OF THINGS TOMATO STYLE 49
Accessibility 51
Compatibility 52
Density 54
Performance 54
Versatility 55
SENSING FOR THE PERFECT TOMATO 56
Chapter 5 ◾ S ensing for the Color of the Perfect
Tomato 59
TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO COLOR
MEASUREMENT 61
CONVENTIONAL IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 65
ADVANCED IMAGING TECHNOLOGIES 71
FLUORESCENCE 73
Contents   ◾   ix
SEEKING THE COLOR OF THE PERFECT TOMATO
IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS 74
Accessibility 74
Compatibility 76
Density 79
Performance 80
Versatility 82
CONCLUSIONS 83
Chapter 6 ◾ S ensing for the Perfectly Firm Tomato 85
TRADITIONAL APPROACHES TO MEASURING
FIRMNESS 86
MECHANICAL APPROACHES TO MEASURING
FIRMNESS 88
OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIRMNESS
MEASUREMENT 97
ACOUSTIC SENSORS AND SYSTEMS FOR
MEASURING FIRMNESS 98
MAGNETIC SENSORS FOR MEASURING
FIRMNESS 100
SEEKING THE FIRMNESS OF THE PERFECT
TOMATO IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS 101
Accessibility 102
Compatibility 106
Density 109
Performance 111
Versatility 113
CONCLUSIONS 114