senses and sentiments in anita desai's cry, the peacock

210 Pages·2017·1.57 MB·English

SENSES AND SENTIMENTS IN ANITA DESAI’S
CRY, THE PEACOCK
Punam Pandey1
Abstract
Anita Desai of sensibility and distinctive technique has secured a prestigious position in
India and abroad .The present research paper is to throw adequate light on the sense and
sentiments well accommodated in Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock. The female protagonist
Maya being a pampered child feels for love, and concern in her in-laws’ house. The
aforesaid novel reveals mental conflict of lacerated Maya. Desai has penetrated various
characters from all walks of life. The novel Cry, the Peacock shows the cry (ennui) of Maya
whose husband never understands her emotional and sentimental needs. The novelist’s real
concern is with exploration of human psychology. She is successful in revealing the inner
reality of her characters. When there is inner conflict in the characters, a war starts within.
Same is perceptible in case of Maya. Despite all her struggles Maya fails to achieve
emotional/ sentimental security.
Keywords: Ennui, dejection, sentimental security, self-alienation, hallucination,
thematic motif.
A dominant figure in the twentieth century Indian English fiction Anita Desai started
her literary journey with the publication of her novel Cry, the Peacock in 1963. The
1960’s scattered a sense of great dejection and gloom all over India. During this
period of dejection and humiliation, Anita Desai’s novel Cry, the Peacock published.
Perhaps she must have had disillusionment in her subconscious mind, which came
before us in the form of the novel Cry, the Peacock abounded with senses and
sentiments. Desai has delineated senses and sentiments in the garb of the self-
1. J. R. H. University, Chitrakoot, UP.
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
1
alienation, despair, death, desolation and socio-psychic fragmentation of the
protagonist. Through this research paper humble attempt is made to discover the
world of senses and sentiments revealing alienation and inner- self of Desai’s
protagonist, Maya in the novel Cry, the Peacock. Anita Desai has a unique ability to
peep into inner recesses of the psyche of her characters rather than the outer
spectacle of action. She has enormously contributed to the growth of Indian fiction
in English by incorporating psychic aspect of her female characters who have
suffered privations and humiliations, neglect and silence, aloofness and alienation.
Anita Desai has presented a very dismal picture of Indian marriage in which married
women are seen lacerated and none is even to understand them. Their sentiments are
not cared by their husbands and in-laws. Same happens with Maya who feels alone
in her own house as she does not receive desired respect and affection. Characters
and incidents besides adding to the textural density of the novel highlight the
alienated life of the characters and their identity crisis. She is constantly haunted by
her own sense and sentiment due to lack of congenial emotional atmosphere in her
family. She is badly jolted and thinks to end her life. But the idea of death terrifies
Maya and she is obsessed with it. She is perplexed by the indifference of her
husband Gautama to the death of dog and it shows his carelessness towards his wife.
Because Maya is a childless lady and Toto was like a child to her. Both of them have
different views about death. Gautama thinks death to be a normal event while Maya
is disturbed by it. The constant anxiety and loneliness breed in her delusion. The
hallucination born of her isolation and lonely temperament make her a psychic
patient. A mental shock produces an injurious effect on her subconscious mind. This
trauma leads her to an obsession in her psyche. Another shocking effect upon
Maya’s psyche is the prophecy of an astrologer about her future that after four years
of their marriage one of them would die either husband or wife. After four years of
her marriage she recollects about this prophecy.
Anita Desai, like most women writers, turns her eye inward and writes about the
flickering psychic reactions. She remarks in the course of an interview that she has
been making statements about woman-emancipation in the texture of her novels
which is evident for anyone to see. Her themes are original and different from those
of other Indo-Anglican writers as she is “engaged in exposing the labyrinths of the
human mind and in indicating the ways to psychological fulfillment”. She records
the dilemmas faces by the Indian urban individuals. She portrays and analyses
human relationships in the context of emotionally related kin which is a fertile ares
for exploration.
Having gone through the novel Cry, the Peacock it can be stated that Maya grooms
in the world of sense and sentiment to get her identity and consequently is trapped
in the emotional world searching for her identity. Alienation is endemic to human
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
2
existence. It is a state wherein a person fails to maintain a sense of identity leading
to a disintegration of his psycho-physical system. A state of alienation exists when a
person is unable to identify himself either with his self on with the society. When
one lacks own identity, we say that he is alienated. But a sense of non-alienation
exists in proportion to the existence of sense of identity. No person is entirely
lacking in any of the aforesaid condition. Hence, all individuals are neither totally
alienated nor entirely non-alienated. Alienation means something becoming alien but
sometimes alienation is used to denote conveyance of property or one’s belongings
to another party. This alienation is result of sentimental reaction of the people. The
historic English meaning of alienation is transfer (or expropriation) of property or
rights belonging to an individual, which are either renounced or given over to others.
Albeit, tension may accompany such alienation, feelings of anger or resignation
would more usually be connected with these surrenders. It may also refer to “Mental
derangement” (Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English 1968)
the verb ‘alienate’ means, “to make indifferent or averse; to estrange; to turn away;
transfer or divert” (Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English
Language 1989). Karl Jaspers makes reiterative use of the word ‘fremd’ (“alien”), as
in the following passage:
The world as ‘object of knowledge’ is (something)alien. I stand at a
distance from it...... To me, it is the other. I am a matter of indifference to
it.....I do not feel secure in it, for it does not speak the language of
something related to me. The more homeless I feel in the world- which, as
the other, as only that, is desolate (Philosophic: 206):
However the term has several in consistencies and there is confusion inherent in the
Etymology of the word ‘alienation’:
there are inconsistencies in Individual versus collective Meaning; objective
and Subjective Frames of reference, Unilateral versus Bilateral Meanings;
Real versus Potential states; Volitional versus Non-volitional Meanings;
Conscious and unconscious Meanings and Good and Bad meanings
(Johanson (ed), Alienation: 27).
Alienation has been the thematic motif that organically connects Anita Desai’s
fiction. This makes her an exceptionally unique novelist. Desai depicts the anabolic
and Katabolic impact of the metropolis on the individual and her/his subsequent
alienation from the locale. Anita Desai is more concerned with thought, emotion and
sensation than with action, experience and achievement. She has skill and power to
cut things clean and enter inside of things with this she is an order and keen observer
of sense and sentiment of human life. She could present the real countenance of life,
society and universe especially in existential framework. Desai puts emphasis on
love above money. The prime reason of Maya’s monotonous life revolves around
her desire for love and understanding which is not entertained. As love is elixir of
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
3
life. If there is no love, there is no meaning to live life. To make life meaningful
nourishment of sense and sentiments is highly required. Love is both melody and
remedy. The novelist imparts very significance to security and satisfaction in the
conjugal life. Facts reveal money can take place of love despite all materialistic
gains and achievements. About the power of love Coleridge has rightly observed,
All thoughts, all passions, all delights whatever stive this mortal frame are all but
ministers of love and feed their sacred flame (171). She adroitly focuses on the
tension that arises in such a world. This she does with great sensitivity and restraint
(Acharya. 50).
References
Amin, Amina. Imagery as a Mode of Apprehension in Anita Desai’s Novels,
Littcrut, 18, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1984
Acharya, Shanta. The Problem of the self in The novels of Anita Desai in R.K.
Dhawan (ed.) explorances in Modern Indo-English Fiction. (New Delhi, 1982)
Dalmia, Yasodhara. An Interview with Anita Desai, The Times of India, April 29,
1979.
Johnson, Frank, (ed), Alienation: Concept, Term and Meaning, New York:
Academic Press, 1973.
Jain, Jasbir, Interview with Anita Desai Rajasthan University studies in English,
Vol. XII (1979)
Prasad, Madhusudan. The Novels of Anita Desai: A study in Imagery, in Ramesh
K. Srivastava (ed.) Perspectives on Ardut Desai, Ghaziabad: Vimal Prakashan,
1984.
Srivastava, R.K. 1994. Perspectives on Anita Desai, Ghaziabad: Vimal Prakashan.
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
4
mPp f'k{kk esa lEHkkouk,¡
izKk feJk1
ikou eUnkfduh ds lqjE; rV ij vofLFkr ,oa jk"Vª+_f"k ukuk th
ns'keq[k }kjk laLFkkfir egkRek xk¡/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky; vius
LFkkiuk dky ls gh xzkek/kkfjr fodkl dks y{;xr j[krs gq, fujUrj izxfr iFk
ij vxzlj gSA lqjE; ioZrekykvksa dh xksn esa olk gqvk fp=dwV iqjkru vk;Z
laLd`fr ds izrhd ds :i esa] vkfn dfo egf"kZ okYehfd] egf"kZ vf= RkFkk
vulw;k th dh ri%LFkyh ,oa v/;;u] v/;kiu rFkk deZLFkyh gSA ,slh
KkuLFkyh fp=dwV esa fLFkr xzkeksn; ¼fo'oa xzkesa izfrf"Bre~½ dks pfjrkFkZ djus
okys LFkku esa nsoHkk"kk] KkuHkk"kk] rduhdh Hkk"kk] fut Hkk"kk] lw= Hkk"kk] yksd
Hkk"kk ,oa xzkE; Hkk"kk ¼ tSls& jksuk] [kkuk] brS] mrS vkfn½ laLd`r dk v/;;u
,oa vuqlU/kku ¼mPp f'k{kk izkIr½ djuk izR;sd fd'kksj] ;qok ,oa izkS<+ dk
vf/kdkj gSA
Hkkjr /keZ izk.k ns'k gSA Hkkjr dh vkRek bldh fof'k"V laLd`fr gSA Hkkjr dh
laLd`fr lcls izkphu] loZ'kqHkfopkjlekos'kd rFkk ns'k dky] ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds
vuqlkj vius dks <kyus okyh jgh gSA ,d vksj ;g 'kk'or lR;] ,oa thou
ewY;kas ij vkLFkk izdV djrh gS] rks nwljh vksj ekuo thou ds cká
fdz;k&dykiksa esa ;qxkuqdwy ifjorZu dh i{k/kj gSA f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls laLd`fr
dk ;g izokg vkfndky ls pyk vk jgk gSA ;g gekjh ewy fo'ks"krkvksa dks
laj{k.k iznku djrs gq, vko';drk vuqlkj cká; fdz;kdykiksa dk ifjektZu
,oa la'kks/ku djus ds fo#) ugha gSA f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; ekuo dk
lokZxh.k&'kkjhfjd] ekufld] fodkl gSA bls iwjk djus esa laLd`r Hkk"kk dk
1. v/;{k] laLd`r foHkkx] e-xkWa-fp-xzk- fo'ofo|ky;] fp=dwV] lruk] e-iz-
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
5
fof'k"V ;ksxnku ,oa egRRo gS] blls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA oSfnd
dky esa _pkvksa dsek/;e ls] ikSjkf.kd dky esa vyadkfjd dFkkvksa rFkk xs;
inksa ds ek/;e ls] rFkk vk/kqfud dky rd Hkh ekr`or Lusge;h ok.kh ls]
lqHkkf"kr ,oa uhfr opuksa ds ek/;e ls ekuo eu dk ifj"dkj bl Hkk"kk ¼laLd`r½
ds ek/;e ls gqvk gSA bldh Js"Brk u dsoy Hkkjrh; euhf"k;ksa tSls Lokeh
foosdkuUn] egf"kZ n;kuUn vkfn us Lohdkj dh gS vfirq vusd ik'pkR; fo}kuksa
us Hkh laLd`r Hkk"kk dh Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk djrs gq, bldh Js"Brk izfrikfnr dh
gSA xzkeh.k fodkl esa izkphu dky ls gh laLd`r Hkk"kk dk vizfre ;ksxnku jgk
gSA tSls&
1- O;kdj.k ds {ks= esa&laLd`r Hkk"kk dk O;kdj.k cgqr le`) vkSj
fo'kky gSA blds o.kksZPpkj.k ,oa ys[ku rFkk iBu ikBu ls okDiVqrk ,oa
mPPkkj.k dh 'kq)rk lgt gh vk tkrh gS] tks fd O;fDrRo dk ,d egRRoiw.kZ
vax gSA xzkeh.k ifjos"k ds ckyd&ckfydkvksa esa ls vusd] laLd`r Hkk"kk ds Kku
ls mPpLFkkuksa dks izkIr fd;k gSA tSls egkdfo dkfynkl] HkoHkwfr] Hkkjfo vkfn
lkekU; xzkeh.k ckyd Fks vkSj viuh lkjLor lk/kuk ls jkT; eas mPp LFkku
izkIr fd;k FkkA
laLd`r dk Kku gksus ij] fo'o dh vU; Hkk"kkvkas dk Kku vklku gksrk
gSA bl Hkk"kk dh ;g fo'ks"krk gS fd blds ys[ku ,oa mPpkj.k esa iw.kZ lkeatL;
gSA tcfd vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa bldk vHkko gSA vr% bls lh[kuk ljy gSA bl
Hkk"kk dks lh[kus ds ckn vkaXy] ySfVu] Qszap vkfn Hkk"kkvksa dk Kku vklkuh ls
gksrk gSA bleas 'kq) 'kCnksPpkj.k ij fo'ks"k cy fn;k x;k gS rFkk vi'kCnksa ds
Hkk"k.k ;k mPpkj.k dk fu"ks/k fd;k x;k gSA bldk dkj.k vR;Ur oSKkfud gSA
D;ksafd vi'kCnksa ds mPpkj.k ls ekuo eu eas cqjs fopkjksa dk lapkj gksus yxrk
gS] ftlls og v'kqHk deZ djus yxrk gSA vr% v'kqHk ladYi ,oa v'kqHk deksZ ls
cpkus ds fy, gh O;kdj.k ds vkpk;ksZa us Hkh vi'kCnksa ds mPpkj.k dk fu"ks/k
fd;k gSA ;Fkk&
nq"V% 'kCn% Lojrks o.kZrks ok feF;kiz;qDrks u reFkZekgA
l okXotzks ;tekua fgufLr ;FksUnz'k=q% Lojrks∙ijk/kkfnfrAA
nq"Vk¥~NCnkUek iz;q{eghR;/;s;a O;kdj.ke~AA
vFkkZr~ Loj vkSj o.kZ ls feF;kiz;qDr nq"V 'kCn ml vFkZ dks ugha dgrk
ftls dgus ds fy;s ml 'kCn dk mPpkj.k fd;k tkrk gSA og okx~:i oTkz
gksdj ;teku dks u"V dj nsrk gSA tSls bUnz'k=q% 'kCn us Loj ds vijk/k ls
;teku dks u"V dj fn;kA ge nq"V 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx u djsa] blfy;s O;kdj.k
dk v/;;u djuk pkfg;sA
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
6
2- T;ksfr"k ds ek/;e ls dky dk Kku] fnu] ekl] v;u] ewgwrZ vkfn
dk Kku gksrk gS tks nSfud mi;ksx dk fo"k; gSA T;ksfr"k 'kkL= dks osnks dk
us= dgk x;k gSA T;ksfr"k Kku ds fcuk mi;qZDr
vgksjk=&i{k&ekl&_rq&laoRlj vkfn ds 'kqHkk'kqHk gksus dk Kku ugha gks ldrk
gSA ;K laiknu rFkk ;k=k vkfn ds ewgwrZ Kku ds fy;s T;ksfr"k fd vko';drk
gksrh gSA Hkkjr dh cgqla[;d turk d`f"k ij fuHkZj gSA d`f"k dk;kZas dks lEikfnr
djus gsrq T;ksfr"k ekxZn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh jgh gSA Hkkjr esa [ksr dh
tqrkbZ] cqvkbZ] dVkbZ vkfn lHkh dk;Z T;ksfr"k ds vuqlkj dkyx.kuk ds vk/kkj
ij fd, tkrs jgs gSaA
blh izdkj f'k{kk] dYi] NUn] fu#Dr osnkaxksa dk v/;;u O;fDrRo
fodkl ds fy, egRRoiw.kZ gSA laLd`r lkfgR; esa izkphu Hkkjrh;] bfrgkl] ,oa
Hkk"kkfoKku lekfgr gSA laLd`r ds v/;;u ds fcuk Hkk"kk foKku dk v/;;u
lEHko ugha gSA
blds vfrfjDr ekuo thou ds y{; dks izkIr djk nsus gsrq "kM~n'kZuksa
dk fodkl laLd`r Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls gqvk gSA lka[;] ;ksx] osnkUr] U;k;]
oS'ksf"kd vkSj ehekalk n'kZu ds xzUFk laLd`r Hkk"kk esa fyf[kr gSaA
bu lHkh n'kZuksa dk mn~ns'; ekuo eu dks lw{e ,oa vUreZq[kh cukdj
ije lR; dk lk{kkRdkj djk nsuk ;k dSoY; vFkok eks{k izkIr djkuk gSA
izR;sd euq"; nq%[k vKku ls NqVdkjk izkIr dj lq[k rFkk Kku izkIr djuk
pkgrk gSA blds fy, ;ksx dks viukdj dksbZ Hkh 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld
LokLF; izkIr dj ldrk gSA O;fDrxr :i ls 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld LoLF;
ds vfrfjDr ge ;ksx ds ek/;e ls& ;e fu;eksa ds vkpj.k ls lalkj dks LoxZ
cuk ldrs gSaA vkReuks eks{kkFkZ txn~ fgrk; p ds #i esa] vius thou dh lgh
fn'kk gesa ;ksx'kkL= ds lE;d~ vuq'khyu ls izkIr gksrh gSA jkek;.k] egkHkkjr]
Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk esa Hkh ;ksx rFkk vU; n'kZuksa ds fl)kUrks dk o.kZu feyrk gSA
;ksx n'kZu dh mikns;rk vkt fo'o esa loZLohdk;Z gks pqdh gSA bldk
vH;kl djds dksfV&dksfV ekuo 'kkjhfjd rFkk ekufld LokLF; ykHk dj jgs
gSaA
;ksx n'kZu ls ekuo viuh psruk dk ifj"dkj djrk gSA vk;qoZsn esa vk;q
;k 'kjhj dks LoLFk j[kus ds fy, 'kjhj ds fy, vko';d fofHkUu inkFkksZa rFkk
fdz;k dykiksa dk vrho oSKkfud o.kZu cM+s gh lq#fp iw.kZ <aXk ls fd;k x;k gSA
;Fkk&
efroZp% deZ lq[kkuqcU/kh lRRoa fo/ks;a fo'knk p cqf)%A
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
7
Kkua riLrRijrk p ;ksxs ;L;kfLr ra ukuqrifUr jksxk%AA
vFkkZr~ ftldh cqf)] deZ vkSj ok.kh lq[kdkjd gksrs gSa] eu o'k esa jgus
okyk rFkk cqf) fueZy gksrh gS] tks Kku;qDr rFkk ri;qDr jgrs gq, ;ksx esa
rRij jgrk gS] mls jksxksa ds rki ugha rikrsA
ujks fgrkgkj fogkj lsoh] leh{;dkjh fo"k;s"olDr%A
nkrk] le% lR;ij% {kekoku~ ] vkIrksilsoh p HkoR;jksx%AA
vFkkZr~ tks O;fDr fgrkgkj fogkj lsoh] lksp le>dj dk;Z djus okyk]
fo"k;ksa eas vuklDr] nku'khy] lerk;qDr] lR;ijk;.k] {kekoku~ rFkk vkIriq#"kksa
ds mins'kksa dk ikyu djus okyk gksrk gS] og jksx jfgr jgrk gSA
vk;qoZsn esa lalkj ds vusd inkFkkasZ ds xq.k /keZ vkSj mi;ksfxrk crkbZ xbZ
gS rFkk lalkj ds lHkh nzO; dks vkS"kf/k :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gS ,slk
dgk x;k gSA vk;qosZn lEcU/kh rFkk v;qosZn esa pjd dk dFku gS fd lalkj dk
dksbZ inkFkZ ,slk ugha gS tks vkS"kf/k :i esa iz;qDr u fd;k tk ldsA
laxhr ds ek/;e ls ekuo eu dh Hkkoukvksa dk fodkl laLd`r Hkk"kk ds
ek/;e ls gh gqvk gSA 'kkL=h; laxhr laLd`r Hkk"kk dh nsu gS tks fo'o esa
lokZf/kd oSKkfud gS] ftls lh[kuk vkSj vius thou esa ds :i esa
Carrier
viukuk lEHko gSA loZ izFke xs; inksa ds :i esa osnksa dh _pkvksa dk izLQqVu
gqvk FkkA
vktdk vk/kqfud laxhr Hkh 'kkL=h; laxhr f'k{k.k ds i'pkr~ cgqr gh
vklkuh ls lh[kk tk ldrk gSA xzkeh.k fodkl esa laxhr fo/kk ls f'k{k.k
izkphu ifjikVh jgh gSA vk/;kfRed xw<+ rRRoksa dks lk/kkj.k okD; ds
Carrier
:i esa Lej.k j[kuk lkekU; cqf) ds yksxksa ds fy, dfBu dk;Z FkkA y; ,oa
rkyc) dkO;e;h Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx ls mls Lej.k djuk mi;ksxh rFkk vkUkUn dk
fo"k; gks ldrk gS] bl RkF; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, lOkZizFke dkO; ijEijk dk
izkjEHk gqvkA laLd`r dh dkO; ijEijk loZizkphu rFkk loZJs"B gSA dkO; ds
ek/;e ls lc izdkj dk Kku osnksa ls ysdj jkek;.k] egkHkkjr] iqjk.kksa rFkk
;ksxkfn "kM~n'kZuksa ,oa egkdfo;ksa dh ok.kh esa fufgr gSA ljy rFkk i|e;h ok.kh
ls xzkeh.k vapy ds ckyd&ckfydkvksa dh euks Hkkoukvksa dk ifj"dkj rFkk
fodkl fd;k tk ldrk gSA
uhfr vkSj lqHkkf"kr lkfgR; ds iBu&ikBu ls lalkj esa dc] dgk¡ vkSj
dSlk O;ogkj djsa\ ,rr~ lEcU/kh Kku izkIr gksrk gS] uhfr xzUFksZ esa] 'kqdzkpk;Z
uhfr] fonqjuhfr] pk.kD; uhfr] Hkr`gfj dk uhfr&'krd vkfn xzUFk fo'ks"k egRRo
ds gSaA buds v/;;u ls lalkj esa drZO;kdrZO; dk lE;Xcks/k gksrk gS] ftlls
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
8
O;fDr lalkj ds vusd /kks[ks] rFkk Ny iziapksa dk f'kdkj gksus ls cp ldrk gSA
HkrZ`gfj uhfr 'krd ds dqN 'yksd nz"VO; gSa&
foifn /kS;ZeFkkH;qn;s {kek lnfl okDiVqrk ;qf/k fodze%A
;'kfl pkfHk#fp O;Zlua JqrkS izd`frfLk)fena fg egkReuke~AA
vFkkZr~ foifRrxzLr gksus ij /kS;Z] lc izdkj ls mUufr gksus ij {kek] lHkk
esa okDpkrq;Z] ;q) {ks= esa ohjrk] dhfrZdkjd dk;ksZa ds djus esa vfHk#fp rFkk
osnkfn lr~'kkL=ksa ds v/;;u dk LoHkkoA ;s lc xq.k lTTkuksa dks LOkHkko ls gh
izkIr djus esa dksbZ iz;kl ugha djuk iM+rkA ;s muds LoHkko fl) xq.k gksrs gSaA
iznkua izPNUua x`geqixrs lEHkzefof/k%
fiz;a d`Rok ekSua lnfl dFkua ukI;qid`rs%A
vuqRlsdks y{E;k fujfHkHkolkjk% ijdFkk%
lrka dsuksnf~n"Va fo"keefl/kkjk ozrfene~AA
vFkkZr~ xksiuh; :i ls nku nsuk] vius ?kj vk, vfrfFk;ksa dk vknj
iwOkZd Lokxr djuk] nwljksa dk midkj djds ekSu jguk] nwljksa ds }kjk fd,
x, midkj dh lekt esa Hkwfj&Hkwfj iz'kalk djuk] foiqy lEifRr izkIr dj ?keaM
u djuk] ;g lRiq#"kksa dks ryokj dh /kkj ij pyus ds leku dBksj ozr dk
mins'k fdlus fd;k gS\ vk'k; ;g gS fd lnkpkjh iq#"kksa esa iwoZ izfrikfnr lHkh
xq.k vofLFkr gksus ds dkj.k muds fu;eksa dks ;FkkFkZ :i ls ikyu djuk
vfl&/kkjk ozr ds leku gSA
djs 'yk?;LR;kx% f'kjfl xq#ikn iz.kkf;rk
eq[ks lR;k ok.kh fotf; Hkqt;ksohZ;Zerqye~A
g`fn LoPNk o`fRr% Jqref/kxrSdozrQya
foukI;S'o;sZ.k izd`fr egrka e.Mufene~AA
vFkkZr~ gkFk esa iz'kalk ;ksX; lRik= dks nku] flj esa Js"B tuksa ds pj.kksa
esa fd;k x;k lk"Vkax iz.kke] eq[k esa lnk lR; Hkk"k.k] Hkqtkvksa esa fot;ksUeq[k
vlk/kkj.k ijkdze] g`n; esa 'kq)rk] dkuksa }kjk 'kkL=Jo.k] ;s lHkh oLrq,¡
LokHkkfod :i ls lTtu iq#"kksa ds fy, fcuk lEink ds Hkh vyadkj ;k Hkw"k.k
:i gSaA vFkkZr~ lTTku iq#"kksa dks ykSfdd vyadkjksa dh dHkh Hkh vko';drk ;k
vis{kk ugha gksrh gSA os rks /ku lEifRr ds fcuk Hkh mi;qZDr ln~xq.kksa ls lnk gh
'kksHkk dks izkIr gksrs gSaA
gekjs uo;qodksa dk fopkj vkSj pfj= dSlk gks\ bldk fnXn'kZu djkus
okyk uhfr opu bl izdkj gS&
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
9
dkUrk dVk{k fof'k[kk u yqukfUr ;L;] fpRra u funZgfr
dksid`'kkuqrki%A
d"kZfUr Hkwfj fo"k;k'p u yksHkik'kS yksZd=;a Tk;fr d`RLufena l /khj%AA
vFkkZr~ ftldk eu fo"k; oklukvksa ls fopafyr ugha gksrk] ,slk og /khj xEHkhj
iq#"k f=yksd dks thrus esa leFkZ gksrk gSA
blds vfrfjDr dkSfVyh; vFkZ&'kkL= tSls c`gn~ xzUFk esa jktuhfr] jkT;
lapkyu] jktksfpr xq.k] ftrsfUnz;Ro vkfn ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA egkHkkjr]
jkek;.k vkfn xzUFkksa esa Hkh /keZ] jktuhfr] vkfn dk fo'kn~ o.kZu izkIr gksrk gSA
mi;qZDr lHkh fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh u fdlh fo"k; dks mPp f'k{kk dh fdlh
u fdlh Js.kh esa Li'kZ fd;k x;k gSA vr% Lukrd] ijkLukrd] ,e-fQy~- rFkk
ih,p-Mh- ds ikB~;dze ds vuqlkj xzkeh.k ifj{ks= ds ckyd&ckfydkvksa ij
izkstsDV cukdj dk;Z djus ls xzkeh.k {ks= ds fodkl esa egRRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k
tk ldrk gSA egkRek&xk¡/kh fp=dwV xzkeksn; fo'ofo|ky; ds laLFkkid
jk"Vª&_f"k J)s; ukuk th ns'keq[k dh ;gh dYiuk Fkh fd xzkeksa ds lexz
fodkl ls gh jk"Vª dk fodkl gks ldrk gSA
lUnHkZ xzUFk lwph
O;kdj.k egkHkk";e~ uokfàde~ ¼O;k[;kdkj&;qf/kf"Bj ehekald½ i`"Bla[;k 16
v"Vkax g`n;e~ i`"Bla[;k 104
pjd lafgrk ¼'kkjhj LFkku½ i`"Bla[;k 232
HkrZ`gfj uhfr 'krde~ pkS[kEHkk laLd`r laLFkku] laLdj.k& 2009
Preeminence: An international peer reviewed research journal, ISSN: 2249 7927, Vol. 4, No. 1 /Jan-Jun. 2014
10