SENATE-Monday, September 26, 1983

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25724 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983
SENATE-Monday, September 26, 1983
The Senate met at 12 noon and was I hope, Mr. President, that we can dis Senate will tum to the consideration
called to order by the President pro pose of the matter with debate on of the war powers resolution. I do not
tempore <Mr. THu'RMOND). Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, believe that today will be a late day,
with a vote to occur sometime in the but we will stay as long as reasonably
PRAYER afternoon or evening on Wednesday at necessary to permit Senators to speak.
The Chaplain, the Reverend Rich the latest. I anticipate that many Sen As of this moment, I do not anticipate
ard C. Halverson, D.O., offered the fol ators will wish to speak, however, and votes on the war powers resolution
lowing prayer: every effort will be made to accommo today. It is not impossible that that
Let us pray. date their requirements. will occur or that a vote would occur
Praise ye the Lord, Praise, 0 ye serv Mr. President, this week we must in respect to a procedural matter such
ants of the Lord, praise the name of also deal with the continuing resolu as to ·establish the presence of a
the Lord. Blessed be the name of the tion, for the fiscal year ends at mid quorum by an instruction of the Ser
Lord from this time forth and for ever night on Friday. There are a number geant at Arms, but I do anticipate a
more. From the rising of the sun unto of appropriation bills that have not full day tomorrow and Wednesday on
the going down of the same the Lord's yet been completed by both Houses that matter.
name is to be praised. The Lord is high and signed by the President. Mr. President, I believe I have noth
above all nations, and his gloT'II above I have talked with the Speaker of ing further to say at this moment.
the heavens.-Psalm 113: 1-4. the House this morning, and it would Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the
God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, appear that we are not likely to re majority leader yield?
Lord of all peoples and all nations, ceive a continuing resolution from the Mr. BAKER. Yes, I yield.
help Thy servants in Congress and the House of Representatives until Thurs Mr. BYRD. The majority leader
White House to find the way which day, maybe Friday, which will make it does not rule out the possibility that
transcends all prejudice and partisan very difficult for us to complete action an amendment or amendments to the
ship. In the effort to find peace inter on that measure before midnight on resolution would be in order-there is
nationally, help us not to make war Friday; maybe impossible. But in any no question about the possibility that
among ourselves. event, I am obliged to say to Senators they would be in order, but he does
Let there be nothing in the heart that a Saturday session is all but cer not rule out the possibility that there
and mind of any Senator which will tain. If it is possible for us to complete could be a vote or votes on such
prevent hearing those whose position the continuing resolution and to com amendment?
is contrary. Remove all hindrances plete the extension of unemployment Mr. BAKER. No.
which would cause Thy servants to benefits, which also expires at mid Mr. BYRD. Or the tabling thereof?
ignore the voice of the Holy Spj.rit night, before Saturday, I suppose we Mr. BAKER. No. Mr. President, I do
speaking the wisdom of God to their could avoid it. But I would say that not rule that out. All I say is I do not
consciences. Dear God, in the search has one chance out of a hundred, so I anticipate votes on that measure
for peace for others, may we be at urge Senators to arrange their plans today.
peace among ourselves. In the name of and schedule to be here on Saturday. Mr. BYRD. Second, Mr. President, if
the Prince of Peace. Amen. Mr. President, we will have the war the majority leader continues to
powers resolution, continuing resolu yield-
tion, and unemployment benefits ex Mr. BAKER. Yes.
RECOGNITION OF THE tension to deal with this week. Mr. BYRD [continuing]. I would ask
MAJORITY LEADER I do not plan to ask the Senate to the Chair, by beginning on the resolu
The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The return to the consideration of the tion at 2 p.m. today, does that not
majority leader is recognized. State authorization bill this week in mean that the final vote on the resolu
Mr. BAKER. I thank the Chair. light of these other urgent require tion would have to occur no later than
ments. 2 p.m. on Thursday?
Mr. President, I will try to have a The PRESIDENT pro tempore.
SENATE SCHEDULE further announcement on the sched That is correct.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, this is ule of the Senate as the situation be Mr. BYRD. I thank the Chair.
the beginning of a new week and Sena comes more final in the course. of the Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, if I have
tors should be on notice that it will be day, particularly as to the manage any time remaining under the stand
a long and perhaps difficult week. In a ment of the time under the act for the ing order, I yield it to the minority
moment I will ask unanimous consent debate on the war powers resolution leader, if he wishes, or I will yield it
to extend the time for the transaction and as I receive further information back.
of routine morning business until 2 from the House on the continuing res
p.m. to coincide with the time I am olution and the unemployment bene
told that the war powers resolution fits extension. RECOGNITION OF THE
will reach us from the Senate Commit EXTENSION OF TIME FOR TRANSACTION OF MINORITY LEADER
tee on Foreign Relations. By statute, ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The
when that matter has been filed with Mr. BAKER. Now, Mr. President, I minority leader is recognized.
the legislative clerk, it will become the ask unanimous consent that the time Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I do not
pending business. for the transaction of routine morning have any need for it. I thank the ma
I have had preliminary conversa business be extended until 2 p.m.; that jority leader. I yield back my time.
tions with the minority leader on how Senators be permitted to speak there
we will handle that matter obedient to in for not more than 10 ruinutes each.
the requirements of the statute, such The PRESIDENT pro tempore. ORDER OF PROCEDURE
as the division of time, such as the ar Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, there is
rangement for the days of debate, and Mr. BAKER. Once again, Mr. Presi a special order in favor of the distin
those negotiations are still underway. dent, at 2 p.m. it is anticipated the guished senior Senator from Washing-
e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor.
September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25725
ton <Mr. GoRTON), who is not present Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I object, over the narrow technical question of
in the Chamber. I ask unanimous con and I ask that there be no further the empirical relationship between
sent that I may suggest the absence of action on this item. deficits and high interest rates. I sus
a quorum, without it being charged The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pect that in his heart, Mr. Regan
against his time. bill will be placed on the calendar. would like to shrink the Federal defi
The PRESIDING OFFICER <Mr. cit every bit as much as Dr. Feldstein.
KAsTEN). Is there objection? COMMUNITY RENEWAL The problem is that Secretary Regan
Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I have no EMPLOYMENT ACT doesn't believe that tax increases will
problem with that. be used for this purpose. He said, and I
If the majority leader will yield, Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, will the quote:
majority leader yield?
morning business will extend until 2
up.tmlli.z teo dathy.a tI f Smeonrantionrgs dbou nsionte sses ekf otor ·MMrr.. BBAYKREDR. .M I ry.i ePlrde. sident, does the tphoIartat's ra it lrpyuo-eir nttihcoranet a oisnfe cs rueFcahesd erdeer vtaaelxn uarteeisvo emnn wauyei lsal,c- tteuamanld
Chair wish to automatically trigger
speeches or if the majority leader has ly be sprinkled on the deficit. But the bulk
the other action?
no transaction of business during that of any increased tax revenues . . . will . . .
period, if he is agreeable, I might use The PRESIDING OFFICER. The be transformed into new spending ...
that time, which would otherwise be bill will be cited by title. In other words, Treasury Secretary
The assistant legislative clerk read
lost, to make one of my statements on Regan has lost faith in the ability of
as follows:
the Senate. Congress not merely to cut spending,
Mr. BAKER. By all means. A btll <H.R. 1036), the Community Renew but even to hold the line on spending
al Employment Act.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con increases. He believes that the dangers
sent that the limitation of time on Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I object of a large deficit are of a lower magni
Senators not apply to the distin to further proceedings in this matter. tude than the dangers associated with
guished minority leader. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The giving Congress more revenue subject
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With bill will be placed on the calendar. to its disposition. This is a point which
out objection, it is so ordered. deserves careful consideration. I be
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I renew RECOGNITION OF SENATOR lieve that Secretary Regan's loss of
the request that I may suggest the ab GORTON faith is premature. Unfortunately,
sence of a quorum without it being however, time to prove him wrong is
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I see
charged against the time of the Sena running short.
that the distinguished Senator from
tor from Washington. Mr. President, I used to fear that
Washington is in the Chamber, and I
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With yield the floor. our huge deficits would soon lead to
out objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under an abrupt and dramatic economic re
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I sug the previous order, the Senator from versal. Now I almost fear that there
gest the absence of a quorum. Washington <Mr. GORTON) is recog will not be such a landmark event. If a
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The nized for not to exceed 15 minutes. near cataclysm were upon us, I have
clerk will call the roll. no doubt that Congress would act
The bill clerk proceeded to call the promptly and decisively. But if, in
roll. BUDGET SITUATION/PNB stead, the deficits result in a prema
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask ARTICLE turely slowed economy, in stagnation,
unanimous consent that the order for Mr. GORTON. Mr. President, in the and in an economy that moves in fits
the quorum call be rescinded. last week, the press has made much of and starts, as I suspect may be the
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With the spectacle of the President's two case, then the temptation will be
out objection, it is so ordered. top economic advisers-Treasury Sec strong to try to "muddle through." A
retary Regan and Chairman of the dramatic reversal of our economic for
Council of Economic Advisers Feld tunes would at least provide some in
THE CALENDAR stein-openly disagreeing about the controvertible evidence of the immedi
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, there degree to which high deficits are acy of the problem at hand. But stop
are two items on the calendar under linked to high interest rates. Flatly start growth, and spotty weakness
"Bills and Joint Resolutions Read the contradictory assertions by Cabinet throughout the economy, especially in
First Time" which were placed there level officials make for good headlines. the credit-sensitive sectors, may not be
in pursuit of the provisions of rule I would suggest, however, that by fo sufficient to prod Congress to act. Or
XIV, in order to take these items off cusing on the narrow question of the worse, they may prod Congress to act
the calendar. Since we adjourned on linkage between deficits and interest in the wrong ways-by enacting a host
rates, the press has missed the real of programs designed to create special
Friday and this is a new legislative
message in this story. This is not to assistance for this or that sector of the
day, I think we might as well proceed
suggest that the relationship of defi economy, or so-called jobs btlls
with those two items.
cits to interest rates is unimportant. which are likely to destroy as many
As business investment picks up, it is jobs as they create. This course would
UNION DUES FOR POLITICAL simply impossible for me to believe make it easier to ignore the fact that
PURPOSES that the competition for funds which the best jobs bill we could possibly
the private sector will face from the enact would be to insure economic
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I now Federal Government will not bid up growth by reducing Federal credit de
ask for second reading of S. 1881. interest rates to a point far higher mands.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The than would be the case with a signifi We are all searching for the magic
bill will be stated by title. cantly lower deficit. I recognize, how formula that will lead us out of this
The assistant legislative clerk read ever, that confusion over effects on impasse. We all want a reduction in
as follows: real versus nominal interest rates, the the deficit. Why have we not been able
A btll <S. 1881> to prohibit use of compul timing of such effects, and the inter to find it?
sory union dues for political purposes. ference of other business cycle factors One problem, I think, is that while
Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask at least create room for some debate all of us want to solve the deficit prob
unanimous consent that the Senate over these issues. lem, none of us has made it his or her
now proceed to the consideration of The real concern we should take first priority. Each of us regards some
that item. from this exchange, however, is not thing else as more important. Liberal
25726 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983
Democrats want lower deficits, but not ties. Most of these Government activi cific budget proposal which, while not
at the expense of entitlements or any ties are either current consumption or satisfying any individual completely,
other domestic spending program; con income transfers, almost all of which, nevertheless addresses the overall
servative Republicans decry deficits, in tum, will be spent on current con problem in a fashion which should be
but will not consider tax increases as sumption. acceptable to a majority.
even part of the solution. This is a pre For 200 years, our economy has First, we must examine closely-even
scription for deadlock and disaster. grown, enriching each successive gen ruthlessly-discretionary social pro
Mr. President, I have been depressed eration, because we saved, and applied grams that benefit largely the non
in recent weeks to see headlines trum our savings to productive investments. needy. If the growth of spending is to
peting marginally lower deficit projec Now we are running in place. We are be curbed, fairness demands that we
tions as if they were actually grounds not yet reducing our capital stock. But abolish giveaways to those who do not
for realistic optimism. What solace can we have broken a pattern that has need them.
there possibly be in a deficit which is been ours since this country's found Second, we must curb the projected
only $190 billion, rather than $210 bil ing-the pattern of every year passing growth of entitlement programs. The
lion? on an increased stock of capital for social security reform measure enacted
Deficits of this order of magnitude ourselves and our children to work earlier this year is proof that this can
are a threat to the current economic with. Unless we reverse this trend, our
be accomplished, and the nearly disas
recovery. Recent economic indicators children will be clearly and noticeably
trous rates of growth of some of these
suggest that the strong recovery of poorer than they otherwise would be,
programs are evidence that we must.
the second quarter, led by consumer and the fault will be ours.
Third, we must renew examination
spending, is being followed, not unex This issue transcends the current
of our defense spending. Any Member
pectedly, by more modest growth. Now economic recovery, important though
of this body who is, as I am, a veteran
observers are waiting for the "second that recovery is. Indeed, it strikes at
of the armed services, knows full well
stage" of the recovery to ignite. The the very foundations of our society. It
that the Defense Department has its
key factor in this second stage must be calls into question the ability of
share of wasteful and unnecessary pro
business investment, as historically it people to plan and save for a better
grams. We must avoid, however, unre
is in all recoveries. Traditionally a lag future, for themselves, and for their
alistic demands that the defense
ging indicator, historical patterns children.
would now have business investment The picture is indeed not a pretty budget bear draconian cuts. With a
increase significantly and spark fur one. It must be changed. But if we are deficit almost equal in size to the
ther growth. to change it, all of us must be willing entire defense budget, reason tells us
But what a terrible moment of ten to consider measures that individually that the amount of savings we can rea
sion this is. For it is precisely this we find unattractive. sonably expect to find here will make
event-the increase in business invest Mr. President, earlier this year, Con only a modest contribution to solving
ment-which will precipitate the colli gress passed a budget resolution the problem.
sion of public and private financing which, though the Senate version car Fourth, Congress must commit itself
needs in our credit markets. In past re ried my name, was almost no one's seriously to a broad program of tax
coveries, there always has been a pool first choice-not even mine. But we reform and simplification. No one has
of savings available to private inves did find a resolution which was accept more respect for the distinguished
tors to use to retool factories, buy able to a majority. We must look again chairman of the Finance Committee
equipment, and put people back to for such a compromise which will than I. I thank our good fortune that
work. Now that pool is not there, for it allow us decisively to reduce the defi the Senator from Kansas is watching
is being absorbed by the Government's cit, and to live up to the terms of this over the tax system, because I know
unprecedented demand for credit. resolution. that without him, the situation would
Of course, there will still be some in Clearly, this will require many of us be much worse. But even the distin
vestment. But to the extent it is not to support measures we find distaste guished Senator must be overwhelmed
confined to maintenance and replace ful. Even to come to a solution in this by the special advantages and tax ex
ment of existing capital, it will be fi Chamber will be difficult, and every penditures that have invaded our Tax
nanced largely by foreign credit flow one knows that the House of Repre Code.
ing to our shores, attracted by the sentatives will approach this problem Many of these tax preferences were
high interest rates which must inevita with a very different set of values. If a created out of the best of intentions.
bly result from the Government's solution is to be found-and it is im But in enacting these loopholes, we
heavy borrowing. And what is the con perative that we find one-it will be have created a monster. Not only are
sequence of this fact? As foreign inves found in the center. the direct costs of monitoring and en
tors seek dollars to lend in our credit I, for one, am willing to approach forcing the Tax Code unnecessarily
markets, they bid up the dollar's this problem with an open mind. I am high, but the indirect costs are even
value, weakening our export indus willing to consider all serious propos higher, as businesses and individuals
tries, and resulting in still further loss als for compromise, and I will reexam undertake questionable economic ac
of employment. ine all of my own preferences and posi tivities and redirect resources in social
So the immediate impact of deficits tions in this search. I ask that my col ly disadvantageous ways, solely for the
is to threaten the current economic re leagues do likewise: That we not allow purpose of exploiting this or that loop
covery. But there is an even more our positions to harden into intransi hole in the code. Even more important
invidious threat in these deficits. gence. The stakes are simply to high. I is the loss of faith in the equity of our
Based on recent Commerce Depart believe that this Chamber must take tax system which arises inevitably out
ment estimates, the total net domestic the lead in proposing a way out of the of this mountain of special privileges
private savings generated by the U.S. deficit maze. Experience has shown woven through the Tax Code. If Fed
economy this year will be approxi that it is the Senate, rather than the eral assistance is to be given to a par
mately $178 billion. If we had a bal House, which is capable, at times like ticular special interest, then let us do
anced budget, this would mean $178 this, of generating a proposal with it by authorizing and appropriating
billion to be spent on retooling our broad appeal. funds to do so, and not by contaminat
factories, on adding to the housing In closing, I offer seven suggestions ing and eroding the Government's rev
stock, on new plants and equipment. for steps which I believe Congress enue-producing mechanism.
Instead, we, in Congress, will absorb should consider in its search for a way Fifth, we must redouble our efforts
this entire amount and more in bor to shrink the deficit. I believe that at making the Government operate
rowing to finance Government activi- these principles can be guides to a spe- more efficiently. The recent Grace
September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25727
Commission identified a long list of of asking whether we should raise United States policy and convinced that we
ways in whlch substantial public taxes, we should be asking how we need to be involved.
sector savings were possible. I do not should find those new revenues. I had thought that in El Salvador we were
agree with all of its recommendations. Along these lines, together with the engaged in wrong-headed and dangerous
But even if we adopt only a small lines of spending discipline, I have military action on behalf of a repressive
share of them, the deficit reduction noted with interest the recent propos Government, and that Washington had
failed to address economic and political
can be substantial. al of the distinguished Senators from
grievances built up after decades of injus
I take this opportunity to announce Missouri <Mr. DANFORTH), Oklahoma tice. I went with the impression that the
that, through the generous coopera CMr. BOREN), and Wyoming (Mr. guerrillas seemed to have won popular sup
tion of private foundations in Wash WALLOP). This proposal would reduce port for their efforts to revolutionize the
ington State, I plan to make a special further both the tax-indexing adjust political system. My instinct was that this
effort in this area. These foundations ment and the cost-of-living-adjustment was only an internal struggle, not an East
have agreed to provide support so that for non-means-tested programs to 3 West competition, and that once again we
Mr. Glenn Pascali, an observer of Gov percentage points below the rate of were backing the wrong side for the wrong
reason.
ernment budgeting with long experi change in the consumer price index. It
But I returned home with the sense that
ceonscte- eifnfe catniavleynzeisnsg oafn Gd oevvearlnumateinntg ptrhoe Wwohuillde Ir adiose n $o5t7 f obrimllaiollny oenvedro r4s ey tehaerisr. fUonri tepdh ySsitcaatel s· smeicluirtiatry~ isnu ptphoer t cwoausn tcryristiidcael,
grams, can apply his expertise to the proposal, I congratulate those Sena which, in turn, is necessary to guarantee
roblem of the Federal budget deficit. tors for laying before the Senate a ordinary Salvadorans' ability to make free
Mr. Pascali will be studying the Grace proposal worthy of serious consider choices. I also concluded that our military
Commission report and other informa ation. It asks for some sacrifices support is essential if we are to persuade the
tion, and formulating specific work across-the-board in every element in Salvadoran Government to democratize the
able, passable proposals which can be American society. This is an example political process and implement a program
of agrarian reform and economic develop
drafted as legislation and considered of the kind of thlnking we are going to
ment. The guerrillas seem to have no larger
during the budget process. I look for require more of if we are serious about a popular base than the Government does:
ward to cooperating closely with Mr. educing the deficit. Both sides command support with guns.
Pascali. Finally, Mr. President, and perhaps Mr. Zuckerman then goes on to
Sixth, we must face the fact that most importantly, we need to under
detail the aggression that he encoun
revenue increases will be necessary take the task of educating our con
tered by the Sandinistas in Nicaragua.
beyond those whlch can be achieved stituents about their stake in this
It was his statement further that:
by closing tax loopholes. Revenue in issue, and of recultivating in ourselves
creases on the order of $12 to 15 bil the public-spiritedness necessary to It is the pressure of the United States
backed threat of a military confrontation
lion over 3 years will not do the job. deal with it.
that has produced the Sandinistas' first
The budget resolution adopted by As I have said repeatedly, I know clear willingness to negotiate a genuine
Congress only 4 months ago called for this all will not be· easy. We have agreement not to destabilize their neigh
revenue increases of $73 billion over 3 many difficult choices before us. But bors.
years. We had the budget debate then. we are all in this together. Should we Mr. Zuckerman's conclusion is that:
It was a serious debate, whlch occu fail to deal with the budget crisis con
Our interests are involved because what
pied this Chamber for several weeks. fronting us, history will not treat us happens in Nicaragua and El Salvador can
And nothlng in our economic situation gently. But we have the opportunity affect Mexico or the Panama Canal. Central
has changed to render the conclusion now to avoid history's harsh judg America is on our strategic doorstep. We
of that debate obsolete. It is time now ment, if only we will take it. cannot remain above the fr y.
to live up to our own resolution. Mr. President, I commend all the
We must be realistic about the paragraphs in between those that I
RECOGNITION OF SENATOR
degree to whlch we expect to be able WILSON have read. This is an extradordinary
to shrink the budget deficit through statement, a statement of intellectual
spending cuts. We have not been able The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under honesty. It is a keen analysis of the
to build a consensus around spending the previous order, the Senator from situation as it genuinely exists within
cuts sufficient to eliminate a signifi California is recognized for not to that region that Mr. Zuckerman so
cant portion of the deficit, nor do I see exceed 15 minutes. correctly views as essential to Ameri
any signs that such a consensus is Mr. WILSON. I thank the Chair. can interests.
about to emerge. We have already My own Dear Colleague letter con
dealt with social security. I expect CENTRAL AMERICA tains specific recommendations for
that we soon will extend Federal sup what I think should be the U.S. course
plemental unemployment compensa Mr. WILSON. Mr. President, I rise of action within Central America.
today at the suggestion of colleagues
tion. We will not dramatically cut Those neighbors of Nicaragua can be
to place in the RECORD a letter which I
medicare at any time in the foreseea counted on to drive the Contadora
sent to my colleagues reporting my
ble future. Yet these are the three process provided they feel that the
recent visit to Central America.
largest entitlement programs. United States will be a reliable ally,
On the defense side, we have voted An appendix to that letter is the not in providing troops, whlch they
recent statement by Mortimer B.
to increase defense spending for the have not requested and which Presi
Zuckerman, the chairman of the At
third year in a row. That leaves discre dent Reagan indicated will not be sent,
lantic Monthly, that was printed in
tionary domestic spending-only 17 but rather what they are asking us is
the New York Times of Thursday,
percent of the entire budget. Does an adequate level of support, militari
September 1, 1983. It is an extraordi
anyone seriously believe that we will ly, economically, and diplomatically to
nary statement. I will recite just the
find further cuts in that 17 percent of provide them the kind of support nec
opening paragraphs which I think
the budget sufficient to yield a signifi essary so that they can quite properly
quite clearly set the tone.
cant reduction in the deficit? assure their own destiny as secure na
The conclusion is clear: There is no Because of enormous public confusion tions seeking to arrive painstakingly at
way in whlch the budget can be bal over the United States' involvement in Cen the democratic reforms that have so
tral America, I recently visited the region
anced without tax increases on the long been absent from all of Central
with a delegation of Congressmen to see it
order of magnitude of those called for America, with the notable exception
first-hand. I went holding political views of
by the first concurrent budget resolu El Salvador and Nicaragua shared by many of its one true democracy, Costa Rica.
tion matched by spending cuts of ap liberals and centrists in our nation. I re I quite agree with Mr. Zuckerman.
proximately the same amount. Instead turned impressed with the effectiveness of An American presence is required if
25728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983
Central America is to achieve its prom text, the D.C. Pollee Academy retains a full 8. U.S. aid should continue to be accompa
ise. It provides the safety against the time faculty of 48 to handle student loans nied by U.S. pressure for progress on human
export of violence and subversion that peak at 500 cadets. By comparison, the rights issues. In particular, it is essential
throughout Central America by the Salvadoran army currently numbers almost that early, open and honest elections pro
Sandinistan terrorists, the revolution 30,000 for a nation of 5 million contrasted ceed in order for the Friendly Four to insist
without boundaries, and it also pro with a city of 600,000. Our advisors are upon the same performance by Nicaragua
doing a superb Job, but are simply spread on the quite accurate rationale that only
vides the leverage so that the United much too thin. genuine pluralism within Nicaragua can
States, not just here in the Congress, 2. The U.S. should continue to sustain a provide realistic assurance of peace for the
but all across this land, can be assured milltary presence in the form of the present entire region.
that we wUl maintain progress toward exercises by the carrier battle groups, Joint 9. Both the government and the opposi
democratic institutions and human exercises such as AHUAS TARA II, and the tion within Costa Rica recognize the threat
rights. Regional Military Training Center estab of Sandinlsta subversion through the work
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con lished some months ago in Honduras. ings of an existing fifth column. Present
sent that the entirety of my Dear Col 3. The U.S. should encourage and support U.S. milltary assistance to Costa Rica to
league letter, including the two appen the Friendly Four in reviving the Central enable modernization of Costa Rican inter
dixes, the first being that which I A<am meuritcuaanl dDeeffeennssee p Cacotm bmetuwneietyn, ECl OSaNlDvaEdCoAr, mnaeln sde ctuhraitty wfoe rcperso visi dien atdheeq uCatoes.t aI Rreiccoamns
noted by Mr. Zuckerman, be printed in Costa Rica, Honduras and Guatemala>, at needed and desired assistance up to $7.5 mil
the RECORD. the earliest possible date, to achieve mill lion.
There being no objection, the mate tary cooperation and political cohesion. Central America need not become another
rial was ordered to be printed in the Guatemala is eager to resume its role as Vietnam. But it has the potential, if the
REcoRD, as follows: host. Congress of the United States does not pro
Waahington, D.C., SeptUe.mS.b SeEr N20A,T 1E9 83. Fo4u. rT thoe a Uc.tS i.n s choonuclde ret nacnodu rtaog ien sthiset fForrie tnhdeliyr vtiiadteiv aedse oqnu atthee s eucpopnoormt itco, Amdilmltianriys tarantdio dnip ilnoi
DBAR CoLLBAGU'B. Having recently returned protection upon negotiations that produce a matic fronts.
specific and verifiable guarantee of their se
from an eight day factfinding tour to all the The United States has vital interests
curity by a specified date soon; or, if the
Central American countries except Belize, I within Central America which we did not
Contadora process fails to produce that re
am more firmly convinced than ever that have in Southeast Asia.
quired early result, they should be encour
the course set by the Reagan Administra Several significant military differences
aged to take appeal from a failed Contadora
tion is the only effective one. make it possible for El Salvador to prevail
process to the Organization of American
I met with heads of state, foreign and de over anti-government terrorists in ways that
States. For obvious reasons, the venue for
fense ministers, opposition political parties, distinguish this situation from Vietnam.
appeal must be the OAS which is responsi
members of the media, the clergy, private The Central American nations to whom
ble for regional affairs and not the UN Se
citizens and independent human rights or we are providing economic, milltary and dip
curity Council.
ganizations. I dlscovered I was the first U.s. lomatic assistance in our own interests,
5. The OAS should be encouraged to re
Senator to visit SandJnlsta Nicaragua during are-with adequate United States support
convene as an item of unfinished business
the 18-month tour of Ambassador Quainton. in a position to prevent the violent export
the special session on Human Rights in
<See Appendix B for list of persons with ing of the Soviet-CUban-backed Sandinlsta
whom I met.> Nicaragua. You will recall that during the revolution beyond the borders of Nicaragua.
Somoza regime, the OAS took the unprece
I found that there exists among Hondu The United States owes adequate support to
dented step of interfering with the sover
ras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Guatemala, eignty of a member state and offered sup El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Gua
a new cohesion and unity in response to the port and recognition to the Sandinlsta temala, not because these nations are per
batnwutihllnloliTesroitn tefhhwaAo ap e rtmrotrtm eeehlteigrh lcerryaweii oe rAcsarsdaseis.d nts ,rm ctm ooohpin ournawegwninss theedtrsrveni uaeetscptshurei ,peob poirnvven re ret ttcrrho Cseyf eiie soov nugnreCtr s, ra otfAaaavrnloindeg nm mAdr ce am iosa Snsclneiam rsrcnewiteocrddraiasiiln .tl taCttrhhihenuoogeedmnnim mstar adeeende iv nmoooro rinfloga u Nct htthriiahtacoseneta,n di brc s,aFa p wgsreiiiuionfcsea usi nof,ntl ididfect lscuawyhbelt lrisoryoiFsiut nnatotlgresdhuy.n ar, h ,btpT u lreofhaom ifterme aas fr itnris es ceasweresut i ni eegtttlh thherhoaiactens ftl PwfaGtbaeiyrerkdce eret tsee hoit dcdevoeete e hsm nrarlsaoteme ncsfHaoesrdta al e UlcrontTir.hweeSyusad.i ,rTnn s kgbe rwe luuWpfyimt-te ihorbnaw fretnelevhcd critae toeoWun sl se itdaen ntetr shhtmi iItoasI oCtst.i c s eoup r mparreoncomqimaneutu spiUi nort.ieeniSsndds.t
Ioff tchoen lteiandueinrsg oaf dtehqeusea tnea tlieovnesls a roef cmonilflitdaeryn,t pOoAwSe. rT ihne J Sualnyd 1J9n7ls9t aw lietahd ethrseh ibpa,c wkihnigc ho tfo aonk toWwahradt aics himevoirneg, pa rodgerceesns t iso bbseerinvgan cme adoef
economic and diplomatic support, the overwhelming maJority of the population, human rights and the strengthening of
Friendly Four will insist upon driving the has yet to hold an election. In sharp con democratic institutions in these nations
Contadora process, as indeed, they should. trast, Costa Rica is a fully functioning de which depend upon our assistance, but that
It is their future which is at stake. They mocracy; Honduras has a democratically progress is threatened directly by subver
have the right to insist that it is they who elected government; and in El Salvador, an sion from Havana and Managua. It would
must determine their own destiny. They are other revolutionary government which also be distinctly threatened by withdrawal
highly apprehensive that the Contadora came to power at the same time, as did the of the American assistance that provides
process will seek to accommodate the Nica SandJnlstas in Nicaragua, held a free and our missions in Central America the lever
raguans and CUbans by achieving a negoti honest election monitored by hundreds of age by which we can insist upon and obtain
ated "peace" that will simply buy time for a foreign observers and journalists in March reform.
currently beleaguered SandJnlsta regime 1982. You will recall that more than 80 per The Friendly Four, Costa Rica, Honduras,
and ultimately threaten the same result cent of the voting population exercised its El Salvador and Guatemala, are-I repeat
which a U.S.-negotiated "peace" brought to rights, despite a campaign of terrorism to the nations whose future is at stake. They
South Vietnam and Cambodia. frighten them away from the polls. have the right to insist that it is they who
Based upon my observation and conversa 6. The United States should resume mill must determine their own destiny. Hopeful
tions with both the governments and their tary aid to Guatemala and increase econom ly, they will be able to do so by negotiation
opposition and the private sector in each of ic assistance from $40 million to at least $50 within a framework provided by the Conta
the Friendly Four, I offer the following spe million requested by Ambassador Chapin. dora group. If the negotiations under the
cific suggestions that would help further These people deserve our help. Contadora process do not provide these
U.S. interests in Central America and lead 7. Our present level of support in Central threatened neighbors of Nicaragua with a
to real and enduring peace. America is inadequate. Were we to increase mechanism that assures their verifiable se
1. The U.S. should increase the number of it by half again as much to $1.2 billion, it curity, they will, instead, produce a false
American advisors in El Salvador based on would still represent a modest investment in promise of peace and will buy time for San
legitimate requirements up to some practi comparison with what we spend elsewhere dinlstas and their backers to expand Marx
cal 11mit, say 200. The current requirement where American vital interests are less, and ism by further violence and subversion
that no more than 55 advisors be present is much less immediately threatened. More to throughout Central America.
absurd: it has produced great hardship and the point, failure to provide adequate mili A negotiated "peace" which does not pro
needless contortions in rotating needed per tary, economic and diplomatic support now vide real and verifiable security against the
sonnel out of the country to allow others in will simply defer the need to do so to a time threat of Sandinlsta "revolution without
so as to not exceed the arbitrary and artifi when it will become far more costly and far frontiers" would, indeed, produce in time
cial limit of 55. To put this figure in con- more dangerous. another Vietnam.
September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25729
To avoid this and to provide encourage people obJected to being "liberated" by the similar to their own were installed else
ment to a new unity among the fledgllng de revolutionary left. The guerrlllas do not where in Central America. The Sandlnistas
mocracies of Central America, the United appear to have widespread popular support. set out to implement their slogan "revolu
States must demonstrate staying power on In this situation, a mllitary solution to con tion without boundaries."
all three fronts-economic, mllitary and dip trol an insurgency is feasible. In 1980, the Sandlnistas, with Cuban ad
lomatic. To this end, the United States is tralnlng visers, brought the five main guerrllla fac
The United States Congress must support and equipping the Salvadoran Army for in tions from El Salvador together in Mana
the Admlnlstration's lnltiatlves if Congess is fantry and small-unit tactics and keeping gua, worked out a unity pact, set up Joint
not itself to be guUty of creating a self-ful the soldiers in the field to engage, harass command and control structures, organized
f1111ng prophecy by producing another Viet and exhaust· the guerrlllas. We will have tralnlng and logistical support on Nicara
nam when, in fact, that result can be avoid trained about 50 percent of the officers and guan soil and provided lnltial arms supplies.
ed-but only by adequate and sustained noncommissioned officers by the end of A Salvadoran rebel leader, Marlo Aguinada.,
demonstrations of U.S. staying power within 1983 in an effort to substitute effective told us that support for tralnlng, logistics
the region. combat leaders for those appointed for po and command continues.
I have attached, as Appendix A, a recent litical loyalty. As a result, the Army has im In Costa Rica, we were told that the San
New York Times guest column on Central proved its morale and field performance and dlnistas are engaged there in a major propa
America, written by Mortimer Zuckerman, engaged in its most sustained and aggressive ganda campaign and are encouraging
the distinguished editor of Atlantic Month campaign. It has captured the momentum unrest, including infiltration in the north
ly. It recounts the changed views towards and substantial mllitary control in much of em provinces. The attempt to destabilize
the Central American situation that oc the eastern provinces, particularly in San Costa Rica, a democracy without an army
curred to Mr. Zuckerman, after his recent Vicente and Usulutan. The rebels have with since 1948, is the clearest indication of San
trip to the region. drawn to remote areas, have not counter-at dlnista intentions.
Sincerely, tacked, have limited themselves to hit-and Inside Nicaragua, the Sandlnistas began
PETI: WILSON. run attacks and appear to have increasing and continued a program of totalitarian
logistical and manpower problems. consolidation of power. The elements of the
[From the New York Times, Sept. 1, 1983] In San Vicente, the Government has co broader anti-Somoza coalition were discard
ON U.S. LATIN POLICY ordinated its mllitary presence with pro ed one by one-the Roman Catholic
<By Mortimer B. Zuckerman> grams in health, education, agriculture, Church, other political parties, the press.
Because of enormous public confusion transportation and reconstruction to retain The only Jewish community center and syn
over the United States' involvement in Cen the area's loyalty after the army leaves. agogue were seized and burned. The Sandi
tral America, I recently visited the region This is a phase in an overall National Plan nistas built the largest mllitary force in
with a delegation of Congressmen to see it for Reconstruction. The cost of this pro Central America. A CUban-style pattern,
first-hand. I went holding political views of gram has been m1n1mal by United States with a widespread CUban presence, has
El Salvador and Nicaragua shared by many standards; only $65 milllon in mllitary aid emerged.
liberals and centrists in our nation. I re and $230 milllon in economic aid. Even the To contain an interventionist Nicaragua,
turned impressed with the effectiveness of guerrllla political leader Ruben Zamora ac Washington sought--unsuccessfully-nego
United States policy and convinced that we knowledged to us that if this aid continues, tiations four times to bring about noninter
need to be involved the rebels can no longer hope to win the ference in neighboring territory and limits
I had thought that in El Salvador we were war. on Nicaragua's mllitary buildup and the in
engaged in wrong-headed and dangerous The aid program also serves as leverage stitutionization of democratic opposition to
mllitary action on behalf of a repressive against the right-wing mllitary. Only the create internal brakes on aggression. Re
Government, and that Washington had United States can influence it to move away buffed diplomatically, the United States
failed to address economic and political from a feudal political heritage of violence move militarily, ordering exercises, includ
grievances built up after decades of injus and vigilantism. ing fleet deployment. The Central Intelli
tice. I went with the impression that the The left feeds off the rigidity of the right gence Agency expanded its support of the
guerlllas seemed to have won popular sup and mllitary oppression and develops popu "contras"- the anti-Government guerrillas
port for their efforts to revolutionize the lar support by promising to redistribute the that harass the countryside. We continue to
political system. My instinct was that this wealth. It also benefits when rightist oligar train and equip the Honduran Army which
was only an internal struggle, not an East chies buckle under economic pressures. The Nicaragua considers its most dangerous re
West competition, and that once again we best way to d1mlnlsh popular support for a gional milltary adversary. A border shootout
were backing the wrong side for the wrong violent Communist revolution is to open up in May with Nicaragua brought about full
reason. the political channels and institute agrarian mobilization of the Honduran Army, signal
But I returned home with the sense that and economic reform. This can take place ing its participation in any military crisis in
United States mllitary support was critical only when there is no widespread military the region.
for physical security in the countryside, insurgency. The cumulative military pressure orga
which, in turn, is necessary to guarantee or Our pressure brought about last year's nized by the Reagan Adminlstrator has re
dinary Salvadorans' ability to make free Salvadoran election and this year's negotia sulted in a major shift in Sandlnista policy.
choices. I also concluded that our mllitary tions for drafting a new constitution leading In our meetings with the Sandlnista leader
support is essential if we are to persuade the to presidential elections in 1984. Elections ship, we were told that Nicaragua was pre
Salvadoran Government to democratize the may be only "one note in the song of democ pared to negotiate verifiable noninterven
political process and implement a program racy," as a Salvadoran clergyman put it, but tion in neighboring territories, especially El
of agrarian reform and economic develop they represent legitimization of potential ci Salvador. This change appeared to be due
ment. The guerrlllas seem to have no larger vilian control over military and paramilitary exclusively to the perception that the
a popular base than the Government does: forces. Both have perpetrated atrocities United States had been provoked to the
Both sides command support with guns. that, if allowed to continue, will turn the point that a mllitary confrontation was pos
In Nicaragua, the Sandianlsta revolution masses implacably hostile. Our pressure is sible.
carried the hope for a better and freer life thus necessary on two counts: to prevent an The United States has long supported re
after the feudal tyranny of the United extremist left-wing takeover while pushing pressive rightist regimes, sometimes by
States-supported Somoza regime. Yet what the Government toward rlghts and democ using our troops. We must develop an alter
I found was a Government busily consoli racy. native to such regimes-and those of the
dating a left-wing totalitarian state internal However, no amount of change will end left--by opening up Latin American political
ly, and aggressively involved in attempting the Salvadoran conflict if Nicaragua, which and economic processes. Our interests are
to overthrow its neighbors. It is the pres regionalized the conflict in Central America, involved be cause what happens in Nicara
sure of the United States-backed threat of a continues to fuel it. When they took over, gua and El Salvador can affect Mexico or
mllitary confrontation that has produced the Sandlnistas feared and hated the United the Panama Canal. Central America is on
the Sandlnistas' first clear w1lllngness to ne States because of its patronage of Anastasio our strategic doorstep. We cannot remain
gotiate a genuine agreement not to destabi Somoza Debayle and military invasions over above the fray.
lize their neighbors. the past 130 years. The Sandlnista hymn is APPENDIX B-PARTIAL LIST OF PERsONS WITH
anIgne rEeld S taol vtahdeo rp,o tihnet omfa lsasregse shaacvael sn poot pbueleanr m"Wanei ftyig."h tP aregsaiidnesnt tt hJiem Ymayn qCuai,r teenre amttye mofp hteud TWRHAOL M.A ISIEERNIACTAONR T WRIIPLS ON MET DURING CEN
uprising like those in Nicaragua or Colom to offset this by extending economic aid and
bia, popular revolt accompanied the guerril friendship, but the Sandlnistas remained PANAMA
las offensive in 1980-81, and last year's elec convinced that the revolution would be safe Minister Juan Jose Amado Ill, Minister of
tion showed that at least two-thirds of the from our intervention only if governments Foreign Relations and General Paul
25730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983
Gorman, USA, Commander in Chief, U.S. important contribution this Govern highly expensive military deterrent
Southern Command. ment can make to the survival of our does little or nothing to deter what are
HONDURAS Republic and, indeed, of all mankind is the far more likely causes of a nuclear
Minister Edgardo Paz Barnica, Secretary to bring the nuclear arms race under holocaust.
of State for Foreign Affairs; Minister Carlos control. I share that view. Editorial With the colossal, hair trigger build
Roberto Flores Facusse, Secretary of State comments appeared over the weekend up on both sides, the prospects of war
vfAoarrrm ePzer dMe sFaidortericnnecesyz;; , MGCeoemnmebmreaarlns G doeufrs ttihanve Co Dh Aiierdfeo,c lotfoof r tAahtlee tohuar ta rdmrasm caotniztreodl hefofwo rtpsi tairfeu,l layn dfe ehbolwe sbeya racchc icdaenn ts einacrrceha sfoe.r Aanrmd sf incodn wtraoyls roe f
thin an understanding we have in this
of the Nicaraguan Democratic Force <FDN>, preventing war through mistake. With
a Nicaraguan group opposed to the Sandi country, even among one of the wisest the continuation of the arms race, ad
nlsta regime. and best informed commentators. vancing nuclear arms technology will
On Saturday the New York Times
BL SALVADOR devise nuclear weapons that because
carried a letter from Kenneth L. Adel
President Alvero Alfredo Magana Borja, in some cases they are cheaper and
Provisional President; General Carlos Eu man, the Director of the Arms Control simple will be more readily available
genio Vides Casanova, Minister of Defense and Disarmament Agency in which he
to more and more countries. The Arms
and Public Security; Minister Fidel Chavez defended the meager resources devot
Control Agency can and should be ex
Mena, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Mr. Jose ed to our prime arms control agency
Napoleon Duarte Fuentes, Former Presi which he directs. He admitted that pending resources to devise strategies
dent, <currently the Christian Democratic ACDA's budget had dropped from the to prevent this.
Party candidate, for President>; Mr. last full Carter year when it was $17.3 Because a third world war could far
Amando Calderon, Party Secretary, Nation million to $16 million this year, but he more easily develop between a nuclear
anla nRdeepzu, blOicfafinc eA lolifa nLcee g<aAl RCEoNuAnls; eMl rtso. Htehre said next year it will rise to $18.5 mil armed Libya or Syria and any number
Archbishop, Archdiocesan Commission of lion. The New York Times, in an edito of its neighbors, or between India and
Justice and Peace; Officials of Unidad Popu- rial accompanying Adelman's letter, Pakistan, or between South Africa and
ar Democratica, an E1 Salvadoran trade notes that Adelman's figures ignore in other African nations, or between
union. flation, and brushes off the nearly 25 Brazil, Argentina, and any number of
COSTA RICA percent reduction in staff to the enemies or potential enemies, the
President Luis Alberto Monge Alvarez; owest level since 1962. Adelman con ACDA could contribute greatly to our
Vice President Alberto Fait Lizano, First cedes that his Agency's research chance of survival by working indepth
Vice President; Minister Fernando Volio Ji budget has dropped from $3.5 million to develop ways to stop nuclear prolif
menez; Minister of Foreign Relations; Min to about $1 million per year. That is a eration.
ister Rodolfo Silva Vargas, Presidential
million, Mr. President, not a billion. Last year, Senator PELL pointed out
Minister and Counselor for Finance and
International Economic Negotiations; Mr. Mr. President, these figures are ab that we employed six times as many
Rafael Angel Calderon Fournier <former solutely appalling. I recognize that we people in military bands as we employ
Minister of Foreign Relations and Presiden cannot solve problems by throwing in the ACDA. That is right, in military
tial Candidate, current head of Republican money at them. And I certainly would bands. Today the ratio has gotten
Calderonist Party>; Mr. Alfonso Robelo not expect the arms control budget to even worse.
<former member of Sandlnista 5-member be in the same league as the military The New York Times wisely disputes
rtiuolninagry j uDnetam, occurrarteicn tA lellaiadnecre o f< Ath.Re. DR.eEv. o),l ua budget. But the resources we are put the Reagan administration' commit
Nicaraguan group opposed to the Sandinista ting into this, the most crucial pro ment to arms control in the editorial
government). gram for our survival, are so ridicu accompanying the Adelman letter.
NICARAUGA lously infinitesimal as to be obscene. But, then, Mr. President, on Sunday
Think of it-the entire budget of our
CoCoormdimnaatnodr,a nJtuen tDaa noife lt hOe rGteogvae rSnmaaenvte o~f arms control agency is little more than trhiael Wthaasth, ibnyg toWna Psohisnt gctaornri ePdo satn setdaintdo
National Reconstruction; Father Miguel one-half the cost of a single one of our ards, was certainly a shocker. In
D'Escoto Brockman, Minister of Foreign Af. thousands of fighting planes. But the effect, it asked, "What is the big fuss
fairs; Sub-Commandante Rafael Soliz, Sec real killer is the contrast between the
about the inadequancy of the Reagan
retary, Council of State; His Excellency $1 million we spend on arms control
Msgr. Miguel Obando y Bravo, Archbishop research and the $25 billion-billion arms control efforts compared to the
of Managua; Mrs. Miriam Arguello, Nation Democrats• efforts?" It argued, after
we spend on military research and de
al Coordinator, Conservative Democratic all, both Democrats and Republicans
velopment.
Party. agree that the Russians behaved out
That is literally $25,000 on military
GUATEMALA research for every single dollar we rageously in shooting down the un
General Oscar Humberto Mejia Victores, armed Korean airliner, and argued
spend on arms control research. Now,
Head of State and Minister of Defense; Mr. that President Reagan handled the vi
Fernando Andrade Diaz-Duren, Minister of some will ar::;ue that our military cious act by the Soviets right. And I
Foreign Affairs-Designate; President Jorge budget itself constitutes our real
agree he did indeed. The Post argued
Serrano Elias, President, Council of State; peacekeeper, our prime deterrent, that
General Hector Marlo Lopez Fuentes, Chief it is the military strength of this coun the President's handling was right in
of Staff, Guatamalan Army; Most Reve:rend try and the billions we pour into our part because it did not deter him from
Jose Ramiro Pellecer Samayoa, Acting nuclear submarines, our nuclear pursuing arms control with the
Archbishop of Guatemala City. armed air fleet, and our Minuteman U.S.S.R. Again, I agree. But then the
missiles which keeps the Soviet Union Post goes on to ask, So what is the dif
ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS from instigating world war III. ference on arms control? The Post
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Well, I agree that we need most of then proceeds to give the commitment
the previous order, there will now be a that deterrent. And I agree that that of the Democratic Party to the nucle
period for the transaction of routine deterrent has been the prime factor ar arms freeze by Democratic National
morning business with statements that has made the likelihood of a Chairman Charles Manatt a "So
therein limited to 10 minutes each. planned, premediated Soviet attack on what?" brushoff.
this country very likely. But let us not Maybe this is because the Post some
forget that while such an attack is how does not recognize that the sup
WHAT IS THE STATUS OF OUR now one of the least likely causes of a port of the Democratic Party-six of
NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL EF nuclear war, there are other far more its seven Presidential candidates and
FORTS threatening prospective causes which our party chairman-to a comprehen
Mr. PROXMffiE. Mr. President, the ACDA can and should help us sive, mutual, verifiable nuclear freeze
many Americans feel that the most meet. Furthermore, that massive and is anything special or especially differ-
September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25731
ent from what President Reagan is Reagan is taking to "rearm" the Arms Con ·Look at the cases of Klaus Barbie and
prMopro. sPinrges. ident, the difference is like itnroslu raen tdh aDt iista irsm aa smtreonnt gA agnedn ceyf fe<cAtiCvDeA f>o rctoe r~ioamna nTiiarnfa .O rBthaordboiex, Akrcnhobwinsh oaps Vathlee
in formulating and implementing U.S. arms
the difference between the research control policies. We are very well pleased Butcher of Lyons, was a S.S. officer
budget for the Defense Department with the concrete steps the President has charged with atrocity after atrocity.
and the research budget of the ACDA. taken to strengthen ACDA's funding, staff Tirfa was a member of a Romanian
That is about 25,000 to 1. The freeze and clout. The Time's caution regarding pro-Nazi organization, who concealed
would rightly or wrongly propose to these moves may be fair at this stage, but his past, and rose to a powerful posi
stop the arms race, stop it cold. The the false and incomplete reports in the edi
tion in the Romanian Orthodox
Reagan proposals would limit some torial are not fair to your readers.
Church in America.
phases of the arms race, that is, inter Yes, ACDA has regrettably had more than
a fair share of woes over the years, includ Recent publicity about the Hitler
mediate missiles in Europe, the overall
ing some recent problems. But The Time's diaries, which turned out to be forger
number of strategic warheads de
claims that the agency has experienced a 30 ies, kept attention on Hitler and the
ployed by the United States and the percent cut in the budget, "bureaucratic movement he lead to power. Several
U.S.S.R. But it would let the arms race butchery," purges and a wipeout of its cen
months ago, ex-S.S. officers held are
itself and especially the most danger tral records office under the Reagan Admin
ous part of the arms race, the techno istration are simply .n ot true. Your com union which ended in violence. These
logical competition, speed ahead full ments on the computer, library and re continuing events should keep us ever
blast. search budget give an incomplete and inac mindful of what happened 50 years
It is too bad the Post cannot under curate picture as well. ago, and what could happen again.
stand this. I think the great majority The budget reductions in fiscal years 1981, The world must be informed about
1982 and 1983 were nowhere near 30 per
of the American people do. cent. Today ACDA's budget is $16 million the dangers of genocide. Too often,
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con compared with expenditures of $17.3 million people have a tendency to ignore, ob
sent that the Saturday, September 24 for the last full Carter year (1980>. Our scure, overlook, or just plain forget
editorial from the New York Times budget request for next year will take us to what happened. Some, a malignant
and the accompanying letter from Di $18.5 million. Moreover, despite much ado few, wish to rewrite history and white
rector Adelman be printed at this about an impending "purge" at ACDA, no wash Hitler. Perhaps others are
career ACDA official has been fired during
point in the RECORD, and that the edi ashamed that mankind could be capa
the Reagan Administration.
torial from the Sunday, September 25 ble of such horrible acts or believe it
All needed computer programs and a core
issue of the Washington Post, to computer staff were retained, while other could not happen again. But we mm;t
which I have referred, also be printed key analytical personnel from that division not ignore the evidence. In fact, this
at this point in the RECORD. were integrated into the ACDA bureaus evidence provides the most powerful
There being no objection, the arti they support. One of our computers was reason to use every resource at our
cles were ordered to be printed in the moved into the State Department building command to eliminate the possibility
RECORD, as follows: where ACDA is housed, and we have con of genocide.
tracted for outside computer time to fulfill
MR. ADELMAN PROTESTS our additional needs. We must take two complimentary
We may have been wrong about the new The ACDA library was not dismantled or actions. Public education will help
director of the Arms Control and Disar "shipped off." Part of the collection was keep alive the searing memories of
mament Agency, Kenneth Adelman, as his moved under our roof while another part is past genocides and warn us that we
letter below insists. We envisioned a con now close by in the George Washington must be vigilant to prevent the spread
structive recovery from the Administra University library. Apart from significant
tion's repeated budget cuts, personnel cost savings; moving the collection has made of this dread disease. But we can do
purges and damaging reorganizations that it much more convenient for ACDA users more by creating an international law
took place before his appointment. By deny and scholars. which outlaws genocide. Such a law
ing any such butchery, he apparently sees Finally, The Times states that our re would demonstrate that all nations be
little need for major improvements. search budget was cut from $6 million a lieve that genocide is abhorrent and
Mr. Adelman compares budget figures year to $1 million. In fact, ACDA's research not to be tolerated.
that are not comparable and pretends that budget was cut from about $3.5 million to
In 1948, in response to the horrors of
1984 dollars have the same value as 1980 just over $1 million a year. Yet from what I
dollars. The Administration's original 1984 have seen, no essential research has been the Nazi regime, this Nation lead the
request was $16.4 million, one-third less sacrificed to save these tax dollars. If our way in drafting such a law. Shall we
than the sum needed to match the 1980 au level of research proves inadequate, it will now abandon our leadership? I answer
thorization. The $2 million added last be boosted. "no" and urge the Senate to ratify the
month doesn't close the gap. He also under Sound arms control is critical to world sta treaty.
states the research cut, again ignoring infla bility, and ACDA is a central force for suc
Mr. President, I suggest the absence
tion, and seriously misstates its significance. cessful arms control. With the momentum
of a quorum.
He fudges the even more serious reduction of a reinvigorated agency, I am confident
in computer analyses of defense matters. that we can effectively pursue what is one The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
Although he had said his goals for the of the most comprehensive arms control clerk will call the roll.
agency were "to staff it up and settle it programs offered by a U.S. administration. The assistant legislative clerk pro
down from the personnel turmoil," he now KENNETH L. ADELMAN, ceeded to call the roll.
glosses over a reduction in authorized per Director, Arms Control and Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask
manent staff, by last May, from 199 to 154, Disannament Agency. unanimous consent that the order for
the lowest level since 1962. Officials with
the quorum call be rescinded.
civil service tenure may not have been
"fired," but many of ACDA's professionals A HAUNTING ANNIVERSARY The PRESIDING OFFICER. With
were removed. Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, the out objection, it is so ordered.
Our main and hopeful point was that Mr. year 1983 marks the 50th anniversary
Adelman, whose appointment we opposed,
of Adolf Hitler's rise to power. Within
would improve research and make more ne 12 short years, the Nazi government THANKSGIVING
gotiable the Administration's bargaining po
sitions. His defense of the damage done to he headed had exterminated perhaps Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, at a
the agency before he arrived is not reassur 8 million people. This anniversary time when much of the world is en
ing. keeps echoing across the half century gulfed with waves of humanism, I find
LETTER: FRoM ACDA because we are often reminded of its myself remembering Thanksgiving
legacy. morning of 1982 when I attended a
BUILDING A BASE FOR ARMS CONTROL
WASHINGTON, SEPTEMBER 16, 1983. Former Nazi officials in charge of little Anglican Church in Bern, Swit
To THE EDITOR: Your editorial of Aug. 27 extermination still turn up; some are zerland. I had gone abroad at the sug
noted the constructive steps President even harbored within this country. gestion of the President, to attend the
25732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE September 26, 1983
GATT Ministerial at Geneva. While in But before we can proceed further and city, in which are more than 120,000 persons
Switzerland, I visited Zurich and Bern. apply these blessings and curses either to that cannot discern between their right
Mr. President, the minister at St. Ur ourselves or to any other land, we must ask hand and their left hand; and also much
sula's Anglican Church in Bern is Rev. the fundamental question whether we or cattle?" Recall how God used Daniel in the
JohnS. Keefer, an attractive and elo any other nation are allowed to apply what court of Nebuchadnezzar and Darius to
was intended for a nation 3500 years ago to guide the destiny of all the nations and peo
quent man. I was inspired by the our situation today? Is it allowed that we ples of the civilized world. Or later, how
manner in which he drove home the are gathered together here at St. Ursula's God executed His will for Israel through
point that the freedom of mankind is Church in Bern and all across the great Cyrus the King and would call him by the
inseparably liked to our Creator. After land of America to give thanks to Almighty prophet Isaiah <4 4:28ff>, "My Shepherd, My
the service, noting that the Reverend God for his blessings bestowed upon us-not anointed, whose right hand I have held to
Mr. Keefer had preached extempora Just as individuals but as a nation, as a land? subdue nations before him." The same
neously, I asked if he would recon Is it proper for example, that there is a prophet Isalah predicted, according to St.
struct his sermon paper so that I cross on the top of the Swiss Parliament Paul, the Gospel coming to the Gentiles
might share it with my colleagues, and building here in Bern? Or that the English <Romans 15:12>: " ... there shall be a root
pray for their "Christian Sovereign" that of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over
with others who read the CoNGRES
God may spare her, scatter her enemies and the nations; in him shall the nations trust."
SIONAL RECORD. make them fall? In other words, dare we <or Notice that Christ came not merely to reign
He has done so, and now that we are any other nation> assume <or better put, over individuals but over all nations of the
but 2 months away from Thanksgiving presume> that we are a 20th century version earth. Hence His title: "King of Kings and
Day 1983, I think this splendid sermon of ancient Israel, called by God's Name, and, Lord of Lords". All history looks forward to
will be all the more meaningful as we therefore, as recipients of His rich blessings, the day <regardless of one's eschatology or
approach the day set aside each year bound to render Him the thanks and honor doctrine of last things) when the
for Thanksgiving. due His Name and, in return, repent for kingdom<s> of this world shall become the
those th.lngs of commission and omission we Kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ and
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con have done so that we would be spared, in He shall reign forever and ever. Just as an
sent that the text of the Reverend Mr. tum, the curses? Many especially in our cient Israel as a nation, St. Paul tells us, was
Keefer's sermon be printed in the own land, would say a deflnlte "NO!" They removed for a season from the covenant of
RECORD at the conclusion of my re would argue that we have no right to Abraham, allowing those blessings to come
marks. assume the perogatives of ancient Israel nor upon the Gentiles, so it allows, I believe,
There being no objection, the semon does any other land. God is not dealing with that the Gentile nations could be grafted
was ordered to be printed in the "nations" anymore as He had with ancient into <or removed from!> the covenant tree as
RECORD, as follows: Israel but rather only with individuals, call God sees fit. Can we deny, for example, that
ing them out of all nations, tribes and in A.D. 312 Constantine, the Roman gener
ST. URStJLA'S ANGLICAN CHullCB BERN, tongues from the four comers of the earth al, saw the sign of the Cross in the sky with
SW1'1'ZBRLAND into the everlasting Kingdom or nation of the words, "In this Sign conquer", went on
"Let the words of my mouth and the His dear Son. Therefore, no nation, as a to defeat his rival Maxentius at the Milvian
meditation of my heart, be always accepta nation, can call itself a Christian land. Only bridge in Rome, and thus established Chris
ble in Thy sight, 0 Lord, my strength and individuals are Christian. Likewise, there is tianity as the official religion of the Roman
my redeemer, Amen" no proper concept of a "national righteous empire, of which we in Europe and America
This Thanksgiving morning I would like ness"-only righteous individuals amidst a are the descendants?
to draw your attention in particular to the rather lost and fallen nation and world. The "formal" discoverer of the Americas
Old Testment lesson in Deuteronomy, chap While granting certain aspects of this was Christopher Columbus, whose entire
ter 28, upon which, I am told, the President view, I, nonetheless, think it is fitting that world view was firmly grounded upon bibli
lays his hand when he takes his oath of we, as a land, are gathering together to cal prophecies concerning the climax of
office. We have read only the first fourteen render to Almighty God the thanks due His world history and the personal return of the
verses of this chapter, which tell those Name for all His manifold blessings to us. I Lord Jesus Christ. He believed that Christ's
th.lngs which would bring blessing to the think it is also fitting, for example, that we return and the formation of His universal
nation of Israel long ago. Moses spoke these stamp on our money, "In God We Trust." I Kingdom could not take place until all na
words to Israel right before she was ready to believe, furthermore, that there are both tions and tribeS of the distant isles had been
march into Canaan, the Promised Land: theological and historical reasons to make evangelized. Only then could the promised
"And it shall come to pass, it thou shalt the claim that the God of our Land is new age come into being. As Columbus
hearken dilJ.gently unto the voice of the indeed the God of Abraham, Isaac, and urges his near-mutinous sailors to sail on
Lord thy God, to observe and to do all His Jacob, the God of ancient Israel, and that through uncharted seas in the Fall of 1492,
commandments which I command thee this we are responsible to Him in all things-in his zeal and assurance were not derived
day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on cluding those that involve national life and from love of adventure or greed for gold and
high above all nations of the earth; and all righteousness. One could say much on this glory but were founded upon the revealed
these blessings shall come on thee, and over subject-too much for this occasion <so you Word of God in Scripture. He regarded the
take thee, it thou shalt hearken unto the can all breathe a sigh of relief!>-but I successful outcome of his voyage as confir
voice of the Lord thy God." would like to present some theological and mation of the truth of Scripture and the
Then follows the catalog of blessings we historical arguments in favor of my thesis. faithfulness of the sovereign God who had
have Just heard read. But it must and First of all, God has always been con graciously decreed the opening of new lands
should be added that there is a similar cata cerned for entire peoples and nations and and tribes to the Gospel of the Savior Jesus
log of curses immediately following the not Just individuals. He chose Israel, in fact, Christ. And so he named this first landfall
blessings! Moses continued: as a nation; for we know that even in Israel "San Salvador" <"Holy Savior"). Thinking
"But it shall come to pass, it thou wilt not there were individuals who were not worthy more specifically of our great land that
hearken unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to be called Israelites <Romans 9:6-7>. The stretches from sea to shining sea, one is re
to observe to do all His commandments and prophet Isalah depicting the greatness of minded of the Spanish settlement in St. Au
His statutes which I command thee this God and man's inslgniticance could say gustine, Florida, with its Castillo de San
day, that all these curses shall come upon <40:15>: "Behold, the nations are like a drop Marcos and chapel therein. Or Sir Francis
thee, and overtake thee. Cursed shall thou from a bucket, and are counted as the small Drake's chaplain reading a Service from the
. be in the city, and cursed shalt thou be in dust of the balance ..." God sent Joseph to English Prayer Book on St. John the Bap
the field. Cursed shall be thy basket and the land of Egypt that through his wisdom tist's Day, June 24, 1579, near what would
thy kneading-trough. Cursed shall be the both Israel and Egypt might be spared from later become the beautiful city named for
fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, famine. God sent the prophet Jonah to Nin St. Francis. One also thinks of the first per
the increase of thy cows, and the flocks of evah that he might preach repentance to a manent English settlement at Jamestown,
thy sheep. Cursed shalt thou be when thou city that was facing imminent danger be Virginia, on the other side of the continent,
comest in, and cursed shalt thou be when cause of its exceeding wickedness. Much to where the Prayer Book service was institut
thou goest out." Jonah's disappointment, everyone in this ed. Or of the Spanish priests and mission
And it goes on and on! What is so sobering Gentile city repented, from the king to the aries who evangelized the Southwest, who,
is that the list of curses goes on for 54 least of the people; and God spared the city. when they saw those western mountains
verses whereas the blessings comprise only Jonah, of course, was angry; and God re turn a deep red as the sun set upon them,
14 verses <though, thanks be to God, listed buked him for his unmerclfulness <4:11>: called them the Spanish equivalent of
first). "And should not I spare Ninevah, that great "Blood of Christ". But perhaps this histori-
September 26, 1983 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 25733
cal connection between our Land and God is lands rising to power at the same time in moon, and the first food eaten there, were
shown most dramatically in the coming of history!) consecrated elements. Just before I partook
the Pilgrim fathers in 1620, whose rellglous After his tour of America, he wrote down of the elements, I read the words which I
beliefs molded and formed our ideals and in his impressions of us and attempted to show had chosen to indicate our trust that as
stitutions so strongly and to whom we owe why America was so great. He had seen her man probes into space, we are in fact acting
this national feast day of Thanksgiving. fertile lands, her many and great rivers and in Christ [Italics not in the original]. I
They, of all the peoples who colonized streams, all her geographical advantages; sensed especially strongly my unity with our
America, had a burning conviction that they but that was not where America's greatness church back home, and with the Church ev
had a special mission to fulfill in life. They lay because many other countries had the erywhere. I read: 'I am the vine, you are the
sincerely believed they had a "divinely ap same. He thought to find the secret of our branches. Whoever remains in me, and I in
pointed destiny" and thought of themselves greatness in our growing cities, factories, him, will bear much fruit; for you can do
as "being chosen for a special mission in the and manufacturing and rich mineral re nothing without me'."
world". They suffered many hardships in sources; but therein alone did not lie her Somehow, when I read that, it made me
their Journey across the stormy Atlantic greatness, for many other lands also had feel good and good for America as a land
Ocean, yet when they waded ashore at these. He carefully studied her laws and having a claim to being grafted into the
Plymouth, Massachusetts, according to democratic institutions but was not con True Vine; for without Him we could not
their first governor, Wllllam Bradford, vinced that here was where her secret lay, have accomplished this certainly marvelous
"they fell upon their knees and blessed the for some of the laws he felt actually endan achievement for all mankind. Moreover,
Lord of Heaven who had brought them over gered her existence. Finally, he concluded through various expressions of the astro
the vast and furious ocean, and delivered that the secret to America's greatness lay in nauts we, as a land, gave God, the Creator
them from all the perils and miseries there the manners and customs of her people, of the heavens and the earth, the honor and
of ..." Before they had landed, they had that is, to the whole moral and intellectual thanks due His Name. Thus, it is indeed our
drawn up what is known as the Mayflower condition of her people. He went into our bounden duty and service as a nation to set
Compact, which begins: churches, where he heard the preaching of aside a day of national Thanksgiving to Al
"In the name of God, Amen. We whose righteousness; and there he discovered why mighty God for His manifold blessings to us
names are under-written ... having under America was great. He said that on his ar as a nation and as individuals, to ask His
taken, for the glory of God and advance rival in the United States the religious forgiveness for our national and personal
ment of the Christian Faith and honor of aspect of the country was the first thing sins, and to implore His continued guidance,
our King and country, a voyage to plant the that struck his attention and that there was protection, and blessing upon our land, fam
first colony in the northern parts of Virgin- no country in the world where the Christian ilies, and people as we seek to do His will
ia ..." religion retained a greater influence over and be that "City set upon an Hill".
Our nation was, therefore, founded "for the souls of men than in America! America In closing I would like to add that it is
the glory of God and advancement of the was great because America was good; and if easy to criticize your country just as your
Christian Faith"! Later, when God blessed America ceased to be good, she would cease own family because you live with all the
their efforts, they came together and held a to be great. That is saying only in other faults everyday; and we have our share of
great feast to give thanks for His bounte words what the Puritan fathers believed faults. Furthermore, from what I can
ousness to them. We, their children, cele and what God through Moses had said to gather the problems back home are in a
brate that occasion today. Later in 1630, Israel long ago before they entered the pretty "healthy" state. <It makes one
John Winthrop, governor of the Massachu Promised Land <Deut. 30:19>: wonder if we are not the recipients of some
setts Bay Colony, wrote: "I call heaven and earth to record this day of the curses instead of the blessings.> But
"We shall find that the God of Israelis against you, that I have set before you life having lived outside the United States for
among us, when ten of us shall be able to and death, blessing and cursing; therefore, awhile and experienced how other people
resist a thousand of our enemies, when He choose life, that both thou and thy seed act and think, I find myself saying again
shall make us praise and glory ... For we may live." and again, "God bless America". We at least
must consider that we shall be as a City I take you forward in history now to are trying to do something right; we intend
upon a Hill ..•" recent events of our land and the world: to do what is right. We shall be singing the
This same Mr. Winthrop gave as his fore that of space and moon exploration. Had hymn, "America, the Beautiful", and I
most motive for founding a settlement in another nation done in space what we have would like to draw your attention particu
America, "the carrying of the Gospel into done, would the world have heard the glory larly to those words which are my prayer
America and erecting a bulwark against the of God being proclaimed from space by the and aspiration for our land:
kindom of Antichrist." Later, when the Arti reading of Genesis 1, "In the beginning God "America; America; May God thy gold
cles of Confederation were drawn up, they ..." ? Surely not by the astronauts of the refine,
began: "Whereas, we all come into these other superpower, one of whom boldly and T111 all success be nobleness, and every
parts of America with one and the same foolishly proclaimed God did not exist be gain divine."
end; namely to advance the Kindom of our cause he had looked around out there and Let us pray: Almighty God, who hast
Lord Jesus Christ and to enjoy the liberties did not see Him! Many of us remember the given us this good land for our heritage; we
of the Gospel in purity ... ." It is obvious, astronauts reading from the Bible on humbly beseech thee that we may always
therefore, that the First Amendment to our Christmas Eve as they sped toward the prove ourselves a people mindful of thy
Constitution was never intended as a sepa moon; but I suspect few of us knew what favour and glad to do thy will. Bless our
ration between God and the State; rather, Buzz Aldrin, a devout Christian, did upon land with honorable industry, sound learn
only a separation between an established landing on the moon: he took Holy Com ing, and pure manners. Save us from vio
Church such as existed in Europe and Eng munion! He describes it this way <The Angli lence, discord, and confusion; from pride
land and the State. This we must never can Digest, XXIV <Transfiguration A.D. and arrogance, and from every evil way.
forget, as our forefathers did not. 1982), 39 citing Guideposts>: Defend our liberties, and fashion into one
Alexis de Tocqueville <a French scholar "So I unstowed the elements in their united people the multitudes brought
and historian) made a tour of our land flight packets. I put them and the Scripture hither out of many kindreds and tongues.
during the 1830's in order to study the reading in the little table in front of the Endue with the spirit of wisdom those to
American experiment in freedom. He trav abort guidance-system computer. Then I whom in thy Name we entrust the authority
eled as far east as Boston, as far west as called back to Houston. 'Houston, this is of government, that there may be justice
Green Bay, as far north as Sault Ste. Marie Eagle. This is LM Pilot speaking. I would and peace at home, and that, through obedi
and Quebec, and as far south as New Orle like to request a few moments of silence. I ence to thy law, we may show forth thy
ans. By steamer and stagecoach where possi would like to invite each person listening in, praise among the nations of the earth. In
ble, on horseback through the wilderness re wherever and whomever he may be, to con the time of prosperity, fill our hearts with
gions of the northern, western and southern template for a moment the events of the thankfulness, and in the day of trouble,
frontiers, he traversed over 7,000 miles of past few hours and to give thanks in his suffer not our trust in thee to fail; all which
this country and Canada before sailing own individual way.' we ask through Jesus Christ our Lord.
again for France. He was fascinated with "For me, this meant taking Communion. Amen.
what he saw and made a number of predic In the blackout I opened the little plastic
tions about us, one of which was that Amer packages which contained bread and wine. I
ica would always be a land of freedom poured wine into the chalice my parish had A CHOICE WE MUST MAKE
whereas he saw Russia always being ruled given me. In the one-sixth gravity of the
by some form of totalitarian, brutal govern moon, the wine curled slowly and gracefully Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, recently
ment <then the Czars, now the Commu up the cup. It was interesting to think that I had the privilege of reading the text
nists). <Interestingly, he also saw the two the very first liquid ever poured on the of a sermon delivered by a splendid