Senate: May 12, 1969

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May 12, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE · 11987
the State of Iowa, reiative to amending the sharing of Federal income tax revenues with By Mr. KAZEN:
Constitution of the United States to allow the States; to the Committee on Ways and H.R.11169. A bill for the relief of Juan
the people of each State greater freedom of Means. and Trinidad V. Esquivel; to the Committee
choice in the apportionment of their legisla on the Judiciary.
ture and local governing bodies; to the Com
mittee on the Judiciary. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS
161. Also, memorial to the Legislature of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private PETITIONS, ETC.
the State of Minnesota, relative to the con
sent of Congress to the agreement of the sbeilvles raanlldy rreesfoe lrurteido nass w feorlelo iwnstr: oduced and Under clause 1 of rule XXII,
States of Minnesota and North Dakota trans 105. The Speaker presented a petition of
ferring certain lands in Kittson County, By Mr. BOLAND: the City Council, Philadelphia, Pa., relative
Minn.; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 11168. A bill for the relief of 2d Lt. to the antiballistic-missile plan, which was
162. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Lennart G. Krals; to the Committee on the referred to the Committee on Armed Serv
the State of Washington, relative to the Judiciary. ices.
SENATE-Monday, May 12, 1969
The Senate met at 12 o'clock noon, and legislative calendar, under rule VIII, be NOMINATION PASSED OVER
was called to order by the Vice President. dispensed with.
The bill clerk read the nomination of
The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
Carl J. Gilbert, of Massachusetts, to be
L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following jection, it is so ordered.
special representative for trade nego
prayer:
tiations, with the rank of Ambassador
Almighty God, whose temple is in the LIMITATION ON STATEMENTS DUR Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.
heart which is ever open to Thy presence, ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE Mr. MANSFIELD. I ask that the nom
we pause before Thee this day to thank MORNING BUSINESS ination go over.
Thee for the light and truth of Thy king The VICE PRESIDENT. The nomina
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
dom mediated to this Nation by many tion will be passed over.
unanimous consent that statements in
faiths. For the elevated insights and dy
relation to the transaction of routine
namic drives of men and women, who
being in tune with the infinite, have kept morning business be limited to 3 min U.S. REPRESENTATIVE ON THE
the higher goals and the loftier vision of uteTsh. e VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob NATO COUNCIL
Thy kingdom ever before us, we give Thee
thanks. jection, it is so ordered. The bill clerk read the nomination
In these disturbing and difficult days of Robert Ellsworth, of Kansas, to be
strengthen our faith in the enduring and COMMITTEE MEETINGS DURING U.S. permanent representative on the
eternal values of our heritage. Make us SENATE SESSION Council of the North Atlantic Treaty
to heed and respond to the cry of Thy Organization, with the rank and status
children for justice and peace. When we Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask of Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni
are unsure of the course we should fol unanimous consent that all committees potentiary.
low, enable us to hear above the din of be authorized to meet during the session The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
many voices Thy voice echoing across of the Senate today. jection, the nomination is considered and
the years. "This is the way, walk ye in it." The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob confirmed.
O Father of our spirits, we commend jection, it is so ordered.
this Nation and all its leaders to Thy
divine direction. AMBASSADORS
EXECUTIVE SESSION
Through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. The bill clerk proceeded to read sundry
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
nominations of Ambassadors.
unanimous consent that the Senate go
THE JOURNAL into executive session to consider the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the nominations
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask nominations on the Executive Calendar. be considered en bloc.
unanimous consent that the reading of There being no objection, the Senate The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs proceeded to the consideration of execu jection, the nominations are considered
day, May 8, 1969, be dispensed with. tive business. and confirmed en bloc.
The VICE PRESIDENT. W!.thout ob The VICE PRESIDENT. The nomina
jection, it is so ordered. tions on the Executive Calendar will be
stated.
U.S. NAVY
MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT The bill clerk read the nomination of
Messages in writing from the President DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Rear Adm. Arthur R. Grana, U.S. Navy,
of the United States submitting nomina The bill clerk proceeded to read sundry to be vice admirai..
tions were communicated to the Senate nominations. in the Department of Jus The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
by Mr. Leonard, one of his secretaries. tice. jection, the nomination is considered
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask and confirmed.
unanimous consent that the nominations Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED
be considered en bloc. unanimous consent that the President
As in executive session, The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob be immediately notified of the confirma
The VICE PRESIDENT laid before jection, the nominations are considered tion of these nominations
the Senate sundry messages from the and confirmed en bloc. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
President of the United States submit
jection, it is so ordered.
ting sundry nominations, which were
COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE
referred to the appropriate committees.
CORP.
<For nominations this day received,
LEGISLATIVE SESSION
see the end of Senate proceedings.) The bill clerk read the nomination
of George Meany, of Maryland, to be a Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
member of the board of directors of the move that the Senate resume the con
WAIVER OF CALL OF THE Communications Satellite Corp. sideration of legislative business.
CALENDAR The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob The motion was agreed to, and the
Mr: MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask jection, the nomination is considered and Senate resumed the consideration of
unanimous consent that the call of the confirmed. legislative business.
11988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENAT E May 12, 1969
THE ABM AND THE NATIONAL It would not protect the cities of the Negotiations
SECURITY United States against the kind of massive In announcing a proposed go-a.head on the
missile attack which the Russians are capa ABM, President Nixon ma.de it pla.in that he
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in ble of launching, nor is it intended to. hopes it will not be necessary to build the
the Los Angeles Times of May 4 and As the White House put it, "There is no whole $7 billion system. CollBtructlon can be
May 6 appeared two articles on the ABM way of doing that. Even if we built a 'thick' stopped whenever arms control talks with the
and the national security. I think they defense around our cities at enormous cost, Russians produce results.
both present fair assessments. Each at some attacking missiles would get through In the first phase, what a.mounts to pro
tempts to indicate that there are wo enough to inflict extremely high casualties totype ABM installations would be built in
. and damage." the vicinities of two Minutema.n complexes
sides to this particular question.
To deter the Russians from launching such (in Montana and North Dakota) which are
I ask unanimous consent that these an attack, Mr. Nixon would continue to said to contain about 350 ICBMs.
articles, plus one published in the Chris rely-as did his predecessors-on keeping the Mr. Nixon ls convinced that these two
tian Science Monitor of May 10, 1969, Kremlin convinced that we could absorb a ABM complexes alone should, upon their
be printed at this point in the RECORD. surprise blow and still destroy the Soviet completion in 1973, go a long way toward
There being no objection, the articles Union with what is left of our missiles and deterring a would-be enemy from the temp
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, bombers. tation of a surprise attack on the United
as follows: As of now, there is absolutely no doubt States.
but that the United States has this capa Whether the remaining ten Safeguard com
(From the Los Angeles Times, May 4, 1969] bility. The question is whether we will have plexes would ever be built depends upon the
VIEWPOINT OF THE Tl.MES: THE ABM AND THE it in the period from 1973 on. progress of arms control talks with Moscow.
NATIONAL SECURITY Russian buildup The opposition
(This first viewpoint of the Times. con In 1965, the year of the massive U.S. esca One thing which makes the ABM debate so
cerns the anti-ballistic missile controversy. lation in Vietnam, the Soviet Union had confusing to the ordinary American ls the
The second will explore the dangerous impli some 200 land-based intercontinental bal sharp disagreement among the so-called
cations of a unilateral missile freeze and ex listic missiles in place compared to our 854. experts.
amine some of the current assumptions re As of la.st summer, the Russians had 800 The Safeguard system, which has been
garding "excessive" military spending.) ICBMs compared with our 1,054. Today, likened to "shooting a bullet with a bullet,"
President Nixon vows to fight as hard as he they have something over 1,000-and are involves an extremely complex marriage of
can for the proposed "Safeguard" missile still deploying more every month-while we radars, computers and missiles.
defense system because he believes "it is have leveled off at 1,054. Some of our most eminent scientists sin
absolutely essential to the security of this The Administration readily agrees that, as cerely doubt that, if built, it will work
country." of now, our superior bomber forces and mis and they have mounted a vigorous and high
ABM critics, in turn, deride the proposed sile-firing Polaris submarines give us a clear ly effective lobbying effort to impress their
system as a military boondoggle, and charge edge, despite the parity in land-based ICBMs. skepticism upon Congress and the public.
that its deployment will set off a new arms The Russians, however, are not standing Other scientists, equally qualified and sin
race, divert resources from badly needed still. cere, are oonfident that Safeguard Will do
domestic programs and "turn the United the job it is designed to do and believe it
States into a garrison state." If they continue to deploy ICBMs at the should be built.
The controversy, which turns on whether rate of 200 to 250 a year, while the United Officials recall that both the hydrogen
Congress wm or will not vote $900 million for States indulges in a unilateral missile freeze, bomb and the Polaris submarine were de
the first phase of the $7 billion project, is they could have twice as many ICBMs as us veloped-fo rtuna.tely for the security of the
developing an emotional intensity of the by 1973. United States-in the face of similar dis
same sort which caused the country to tear Furthermore, the ICBMs now being de agreement among the "experts."
1t self apart over Vietnam. ployed are the big SS-9 or Scarp missiles Dean Acheson, who chaired a presidential
In a statement calling for rational debate which can carry single warheads up to 25 advisory group on the hydrogen bomb ques
instead of name-calling, Freedom House mega.tons or three smaller multiple-reentry tion 20 years ago, says that "everything which
correctly observed that opposition to the warheads-each of which is several times is being said at the present time was said to
ABM does not necessarily signify indifference larger than the warheads a.top our Minute me then." And he added: "Then, as now, sci
toward the security of the United States. men. entists were acting as professors of morality."
But the moderate, nonpartisan society also The Russians, meanwhile, also are building
warned that ABM supporters should not be missile-firing submarines of their own, as Calling Dr. Strangelove
dismissed as "bloodthirsty warmongers, tools well as killer subs which presumably are Assuming Safeguard will work, there are
of the 'military-industrial complex' or the intended, in event of hostilities, to knock still a lot of knowledgeable people who argue
like." our Polaris subs out of action before they that it will not really provide the protection
ARGUMENT HAS GROWN can fire their missiles. advertised.
deIbfa tteh, eirte isl s bmecoarues eh ethaet tchoannf rolingthatt ioinn hthaes unFsionpahlliyst,i tchaeteyd h aAvBe Mal resaydstye mbu ialt.r ao urnedla tiMveolsy toI fc otmhem Cito nmamtiuonniaslt sCuhicinidees eb wy elraeu tnoc hdiencgid ea
escalated into much more than an argument cow, and are known to be conducting re nuclear attack on the United Sta.tes in the
over the merits of a specific weapons system. search and development toward a more ad 1970s, it is argued, the existence of Safe
Aviation Week, which is anything but vanced system. guard would not stop them.
hostile to defense spending, made precisely The Pentagon's best judgment is, as Presi AN EASY JOB
this point in a recent edlt orlal. dent Nixon told a recent news conference, They would need only to lob in a few
The uproar over the ABM, the journal that the Soviet Union may be "substantially short-range missiles from offshore subma
warned its readers, represents an "emotional ahead of us in overall nuclear capability" in rines, or smuggle some A-bombs aboard
explosion" against the growth of the military 1972 or 1973, unless something is done now. freighters bound for Los Angeles, New York
establishment into what many people see as a Defense Secretary Melvin Laird is con or other port cities.
"vast octopus consuming enormous amounts vinced that the Russians are trying to build In the event of a massive Soviet missile
of blood and money without producing very a ":first strike" capability-that is, the abil attack on the United States, ABM opponents
much security for the nation." ity to knock us out with a surprise blow. argue that we could fire off our Minutemen
As a result, a jaundiced congressional eye ls There is no proof of that. But, as Mr. Nixon before the incoming missiles arrived.
being cast not just on the ABM, but on put it, "We have to base our policies on Even if we failed to do so, they insist, the
military spending as a whole. their capability"-and this capability is Russians would still have to score near
Some members of the Senate, in particu rising in an ominous way. per!ect bull's-eye on virtually all of our Min
lar, are demanding slashes of a magnitude uteman silos, bomber bases and Polaris
which would condemn the United States to Enter Safeguard subs-else they would face certain destruc
a second-best military posture relative to the The main purpose of the ABM proposed tion from our retaliatory blow.
Soviet Union-a situation which most Amer by the President is to insure the survival of The survival of a substantial retaliatory
icans, if faced with a conscious choice, are a significant proportion of our land-based force is best guaranteed, in the opinion of
not prepared to accept. Minuteman ICBMs (and of our bomber many experts, not by installing ABMs, but by
MUST BE PUT IN FOCUS forces) in the event of a first strike by the building more offensive missiles, putting
If the new skepticism toward defense Soviets. multiple warheads on them-and perhaps
spending is to serve constructive ends, some Safeguard is designed secondarily to pro mounting some on hard-to-hit mobile plat
perspective is needed, both in regard to the tect virtually the whole country against the forms such as barges or railroad cars.
Surely, argue the ABM critics, a start on
ABM itself and to the larger issue of allo kind of smaller-scale ICBM threat which
Safeguard can at least be postponed for a few
cating more resources to civil needs and less Communist China will be able to pose in the months more. By that time, arms control
to the mill tary. 1970s. talks should be under way, and we will have
What is Safeguard? Finally, if a missile were to be fired acci better intelligence on whether the Soviet
It is important to understand first what dentally in our direction from any quarter, ICBM buildup is aimed at achieving parity
the ABM system, as announced by the Nixon Safeguard supposedly would enable us to with the United States or an intimidating
Administration on March 14, would not do. shoot it down. superiority.
May 12, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 11989'
SOME ROOM FOR DOUBT competitive power centers-made up of sci portion of the military budget is still not
The Nixon Administration has not, as a entists, educators, anti-poverty warriors, much over $50 billion.
matter of fact, been entirely convincing in its etc.-which want federal money for their The downhold in non-Vietnam spending
insistence that the country faces a now-or own projects. was accomplished, to a considerable degree,
never decision on the ABM. Even if one as Since the end of the Vietnam tunnel is not by postponing or stretching out new strategic
sumes the worst about Soviet intentions, a in sight, these interests tend to favor a big weapons projects.
few months' delay does not have to condemn slash in the non-Vietnam portion of the As Sen. Jackson observed the other day, the
the United States to a position of inferior defense budget :now. budget for strategic forces is actually almost
power. The ABM, because of its controversial na 50% less than it was in fiscal 1962, if inflation
The U.S. Senate, however, will gravely and ture, makes an attractive target. If the first is taken into account.
irresponsibly imperil the security of the domino falls, reason the more zealous anti While we were cranking down our side of
United States if it votes down the ABM with Pentagon crusaders, the political atmosphere the arms race the Russians have been crank
out serving clear notice that the action is will be conducive to congressional veto of ing their side up.
other portions of the defense budget. The Institute for Strategic Studies esti
provisional-that the Soviet Union is ex
mates that total Soviet military spending is
pected to match our own show of good faith Fair is fair
now on a parity with the non-Vietnam por
tbhyIe fs taMonptopis-icAnogBw M itds i ssbeaunpiapltdooiurnpst sos hfth ooeufsfleed n esmixvpaeek mcet iasptsilioalneinss.,, saltutTamhc ekr heo oucnsa inn Ag,bm ees rnniacora l'seq du eustrrtbaioannns pboirultltas -titpohonav,t e retthnye , tailomno ostf towuircse- -aasn lda ragse .a percentage of GNP, is
they will support President Nixon in doing vironmental pollution and the like-deserves Beyond parity?
whatever is necessary to maintain the Amer a far greater claim on the country's re Four years ago, we had a four to one lead
ican nuclear lead. sources than it has enjoyed in the past. in ICBMs. Today, the Russians have caught
Unfortunately, there is no evidence that If the new skepticism is to serve a con up with us and may be going beyond parity
the more emotional foes of the ABM are pre structive purpose, however, it is important to superiority.
pared to exercise that kind of statesmanship. to separa-te fact from distortion. And the We still have a big lead in bombers, bal
facts are as follows: listic missile-firing submarines and total
[From the Los Angeles Times, May 6, 1969) In 1960, long before the Kennedy-Johnson number of warheads. But the Soviets are now
VIEWPOINT OF THE TIMES: ABM: SHOULD THE escalation in Vietnam, defense spending ac building Polaris-type subs of their own, as
UNITED STATES Go AHEAD? counted for 8.7% of the gross national well as sub-killers which could be used
Sen. Henry Jackson (D-Wash.) noted the product and 47% of the total federal budget. against our Polaris fleet.
other day that we were spending five times In 1969, defense spending is $35 billion As for the big U.S. lead in warheads, UCLA
as much on defense against manned bombers higher than it was nine years ago. But it Prof. William G. McMillan, a longtime de
at the end of the 1950s a,s we would spend on still accounts for only 8.8% of GNP and fense consultant, warns that the Russians
the "Safeguard" missile defense system pro 43 % of the total federal budget. may be using a different kind of arithmetic.
posed by President Nixon. During the Vietnam war years, spending They may figure that one nuclear torpedo
Why was there so little outcry then and so for major social programs ha,s more than can destroy a Polaris submarine and all 16 of
much now? doubled, while defense outlays are up only its missiles. One suborbital missile could take
The answer, of course, lies in the rising re 52%. out a bomber field with a score of B-52s and
slstance to military spending-the feeling To cite specifics, the federal contribution to a much larger number of H-bombs.
among Americans that we have allowed our welfare programs is almost twice what it was At this point, no one says for sure that the
national priorities to get out of whack. six years ago. Outlays for education and Soviets are shooting for an intimidating
To keep the record straight, the polls show manpower training have more than quad strategic superiority. But the evidence is too
that the American people as a whole still rupled, as has spending for community and strong to be ignored.
favor a strong defense establishment. And, of regional development. Medical expenditures, Missile freeze
those who have made up their minds on the thanks to Medicare, are up more than 700%.
Both the Administration and ABM oppo
ABM, over 60% are for it. Where to cut? nents agree that the best solution is a Big
There is no question, however, but that
These statistics hardly bear out the picture, Two arms control arrangement which would
sentiment for a tight rein on Pentagon spend
a,ssiduously cultivated by Pentagon critics, effectively prevent either side from gaining a
ing is on the increase.
of a country which has turned its back on first strike capability over the other.
Paper eagle human needs in the name of national secu Mr. Nixon argues that an immediate start
As far as the average citizen is concerned, rity. on Safeguard is essential to the U.S. bargain
the new resistance to military spending has Obviously, however, the pertinent standard ing position in such talks. Sen. William Ful
many roots. These include frustration over for "sUffi.ciency" in the war on poverty and bright (D-Ark.) charges that a start on the
high taxes, inflation-plus the seeming in environmental blight is not the past but the ABM would imperil the arms control talks
ability of the world's most powerful military future. and provoke the Russians to countermoves.
establishment to defeat a rag-tag army of We can do better-if ways can be found to Neither argument stands up to critical
Vietnamese Communists, or prevent the kind cut the military budget, which is the largest analysis.
Of humiliation we suffered in the Pueblo single category of federal spending. And given The Kremlin, it turns out, has accepted
incident. sufficient determination, ways can be found. President Nixon's announcement on the ABM
Credibility gap It is hard to believe, for example, that the with more equanimity than the chairman of
Leaving disenchantment of that sort aside, United States really needs all the 429 major the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
the heart of the trouble is the growing cost and 2,972 minor military bases which it Arms control talks are still expected within
and complexity of modern weapons systems. maintains around the world. Surely a sub a few weeks or months.
During World War II, destroyers and sub stantial number can be closed if U.S. overseas This is not surprising. After all, the Rus
marines cost in the neighborhood of $5 to $9 commitments are reviewed hardheadedly. sians have 67 ABMs of their own in place
inillion apiece; today, the going price is Another obvious target is the Pentagon's around Moscow, and are thus in no position
closer to $200 million. Today's fighter planes contracting and weapons evaluation proce to argue that defensive missiles are provoc
can carry price tags a hundred times higher dures, so that the problems of cost over-runs ative.
than the models which outfought the Ger and "white elephant" weapons systems can U.S. DETERMINATION VITAL
mans and Japanese 25 years ago. be reduced to manageable proportions.
Beyond that, the Kremlin leaders under
What particularly angers congressional The Soviet enigma stand, if Fulbright and like-minded senators
critics are the cases where costs run 200 % Inevitably, such a tightening up means do not, that deployment of ABMs around
to 300 % higher than estimated. The over-run that more weapons projects must be vetoed ICBM silos--as distinct from cities-is not
on the big C-5A transport plane alone is now before too much money is invested in them the act of a nation which is thinking in terms
calculated at $2.1 billion. and Safeguard, all things considered, is a of a surprise attack on the other side.
Even after soaking up enormous resources, borderline case. There would be little point, after all, in
the new weapons systems are sometimes a What must be avoided, however, is the spending billions to protect empty silos
flop, the prime example being the Navy ver know-nothing approach which manages si against a retaliatory blow.
sion of the F-111 swing-wing jet fighter. multaneously to be against the ABM, ad
Pork barrel, 1969 style vanced new bombers and fighters, moderniza Compromise
tion of the Navy and upgrading of our It does not necessarily follow, however, that
While all these factors are relevant, they
Minuteman and Polaris missiles-all without congressional approval of Safeguard is essen
are not the whole story.
regard to what the Russians are up to. tial to success. of arms control negotiations.
"WALK AROUND" VIETNAM And, the Russians have been up to plenty What is essential is that the Russians know
In hard-rock political terms, what we are while the United States has been otherwise that the United States is not prepared to
seeing is the opening round in a fight over engaged in Vietnam. indulge in a unilateral missile freeze while
the so-called Vietnam dividend-the billions In fiscal 1965, the last year before the the Kremlin indulges in a unilateral drive for
of dollars which will be up for grabs when massive escalation of the U.S. role in the war, strategic supremacy.
the war ends or is drastically reduced. our defense spending totaled $50 billion. Unfortunately, the ABM opponents are
In this context, the so-called military in As a result of war outlays, the total figure coming perilously close to creating the
dustrial complex is locked in a struggle with soared to $80 billion-but the non-Vietnam opposite impression.
11990 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 12, 1969
What, then, ls the solution? Two alterna published a letter by Mr. Mark A. Weiss. If we can accept the inevlta.blllty of a
tives suggest themselves: It carries a heading, "The ABM and the world in which no nation can have ultimate
Congress can approve a go-ahead on phase Primary Danger." Mr. Weiss has written power or security, perhaps there Will be a
one of Safeguard-with language putting the a most thoughtful letter which relates basis :for global de-escalation of military
Administration on notice that construction spending and redirection of effort toward
should be stopped if arms control talks show the question of the deployment of the human and environmental needs.
promise. ABM to the larger issue of the need for If we can overcome our preoccupation with
Congress can withhold approval-but with general adjustments in U.S. policy in the the chronic danger of a future external
language putting the Soviets on clear notice light of contemporary national and in attack long enough to notice the acute symp
that we are prepared to escalate our side of ternational realities. He urges that the toms of cancer, perhaps we will take the
the arms race if the Soviets do not halt their debate of the issue not be reduced to a first step toward a cure by rejecting de
own missile buildup. partisan irrelevancy but, rather, that it ployment of the ABM system.
The latter alternative is preferable. be utilized as a profound opportunity to MARK A. WEISS.
If the lawmakers choose neither of these CHEVY CHASE.
bring up to date our outlook on the sit
alternatives, but instead turn the ABM down
in a euphoric atmosphere of unilateral dis uation which confronts the Nation.
armament, they will be not only wrong but I ask unanimous consent that the letter ORDER OF BUSINESS
irresponsible. be printed in this point in the RECORD. Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I ask
There being no objection, the letter
[From the CMhar.yis t1i0a,n 1S9c6i9e]n ce Monitor, wasa fso ollrodwesr:e d to be printed in the RECORD, muniannuitmeso. us consent to proceed for 10
The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
THE MISSILE HASSLE [From the Washington Post, May 3, 1969) jection, it is so ordered.
The battle for and against deployment of
the Sentinel antiballistic miss.Ues wages fit LETTERS TO THE EDITOR: THE ABM AND THE
fully in Congress and the public forums. Pre PRIMARY DANGER
diotions suggest that the Nixon administra If the anti-ballistic missile controversy is THE SUPREME COURT
tion, favoring the ABM system, may win in permitted to deteriorate into a partisan test Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, the people
the House and lose in the Senate, but no of the President's political skill and prestige, of our Nation have been stunned by in
obnoles tiesr eqdu itbey suthree. NWoiwes nthere- Cahnati.y-AesB Mre pcoarste, ias owpep ofaritlu ntiot ys teoe piut tf aosri dwe hoautt diat teisd: idae ams aajnodr formation indicating the extent to which
lengthy analytical document which argues to begin molding our international and do Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court have
that the ABM system for destroying incoming mestic policies to the realities of the post been involved in practices which are
missiles would be ineffective, unnecessary, Vietnam era. glaringly inconsistent with the duties
and mainly a contribution to international What was sophisticated policy in the past and responsibilities of the offi.ce of U.S.
tensions. has become naive dogma. We persist in the Supreme Court Justice.
This 344-page report--by Jerome Wiesner, view that our physical survival and our world Our Nation is in debt to those who
sJcoihennscoen ;a dAvibsrear mt oC Phareyseisd, efnotsrm Kere nSnteadtye aDned einvfelru-egnrocew indge pnenudcl euapr omn igohutr, ypeots sewses ioknn oowf have brought this information to public
partment legal adviser; plus a group of sci that the security and influence of the great attention, and particularly to the dis
entific and academic experts-was in pa.rt powers continue to decline as their nuclear tinguished Senator from Delaware <Mr.
politicf:l.}ly inspired. Sen. Edward Kennedy arsenals increase. We pour vast resources WILLIAMS) , who has put together and
commissioned it last February, when he de into more and more ultimate weapons that placed in the RECORD what must rank as
cided to take up the cudgels against the ad at heart we believe never will be used pre one of the most devastating indictments
ministration's-and Pentagon's-ABM pro cisely because they are ultimate. ever leveled against practices which ap
posal. It will be referred to, and quoted from, Sophisticated strategy today does call for pear to have become commonplace on
a good many times from here on in the preservation of an American nuclear deter
crescendoing debate. rent--less because an aciversary actually the Court.
The Pentagon has promptly retaliated with would be likely to use his nuclear weapons Mr. President, moral and ethical is
its own evaluation-by two scientific experts than because of the subtle effects our in sues have been raised of crisis propor
a.nd Nathan Twining, former chairman of the ability to retaliate would have on our policies tions. I wholeheartedly concur in the
joint chiefs-which brands the report as un and the policies of other nations. But this judgment of many Senators that a full
scientific in method, inconsistent and full means only that we must retain the ability to scale investigation is imperative and that
of errors. exact an unacceptable price of any attacker, enactment of legislation will be necessary
heT shheo uavlde rabgeeli eivned. ivPirdoubaalb lwyi ltlh we omndoesrt cwohma t fnrootm t hinajtu wrye imn utshte b feir satb ilen sttoa nscheie oldr doeuvrsaesltvaetes to incise what amounts to an amoral
pelling argument by the Wiesner-Cha.yes doc the globe. Since we have missiles and bomb malignancy revealed in certain practices
ument is its conclusion that, there is no ers and nuclear submarines, any small part of of some members of the Court.
need for a decision, now, to deploy a missile which would make an attack foolhardy, In examining the issues presented,
defense system. In short, why go ahead with either the ABM proposal must assume the from the standpoint of proposed legis
a. new system when the United States is just imminent development of hostile weapons lation, it may be helpful to avoid a rush
atablTokhuset w tioimt hpe anthcgeta goSefo tvihniee t cr Ureupncoiioarntl ?aa lrsmo sis- ctuor ctaaisltm fuern t sAoyfB sMttehm idsse peclxoacpyeamsbselienv et oisfd eonsnetlruyut crata ilvsilzeyi nffgior rscete v,re orouyrn pdt ahirnet tsoit ujuadtigomnse.n Itt o mna tyh eb eb awseisll o tfo s binagclke ufpac at ubailt
ther doubt on the testimony of Defense Sec the expenditure of many more tens of bil and see if there is not a pattern revealed
retary Melvin Laird, already disputed, that lions in pursuit o:f a total security that to suggest that the present problem may
Moscow is seeking a "first strike" capability we could not achieve even if we could af be the effect of a deeper and more pro
against the United States-an ability to ford it. found cause. If so, the legislative ap
knock out America's total defenses in a first Whether we can afford the ABM in the proach must do more than treat the
devastating blow. Hence the report concludes broadest sense is the heart of the matter. symptoms--it must reach the underlying
that deployment, now, of an untried and con To be sure, there are risks in every direction, cause.
troversial new defense line would not en but we pay a terrible price for the delusion
hance, but would lessen, national security. that the sole, or even the primary danger In this connection, Mr. President, we
It is useful, to public debate and final is the one that nuclear weapons are made to must bear in mind thait Justice Fortas
decision, that this report is at hand. Dr. meet. We undermine our political and social is not the only member of the Court who
Wiesner was one of those who labored long to structure at home, and curtail our oppor has accepted fees, royalties, gratuities,
persuade Moscow that arms-cutback talks tunities to influence others through coopera and honorariums from outside sources.
would be worthwhile. It is also useful to tion and example. As the McCarthyism of We are confronted with a pattern and
have the Pentagon's rebuttal which declares the 1950s mistakenly saw our securtty threat practice apparently deemed acceptable
the ABM system to be workable and effective. ened more from within than from without, and therefore condoned by the Supreme
Lisetrt atthioen d eabnadt eP ceonntatginoune .r eBaulitz el etth tehye aardem uinn wviivlla lw eth irne attheen e1d9 70ms omrei stbayk etnhley sweee aopuorn ss uor f Court.
der heavy obligation to show why an ABM other nations than by the frustrated griev For example, Justice Douglas has ac
system would need to be set in motion now, ances of our own people? cepted an annual stipend of $12,000 a
only shortly before talks with Moscow begin. To stop grasping for omnipotence need not year for extra work or services, from
be to withdraw into neo-isolationism. More sources outside the Court. In the case
over, the choice is not between our alms as of Justice Douglas, as in the case of
THE ABM ~ THE PRIMARY a world power and our alms as a society, for Justice Fortas, money was paid by tax
DANGER it is increasingly plain that our present exempt foundations. And it may be no
course does not lead toward either set of
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, in objectives, while the alternative offers a more than a coincidence, but both foun
the Washington Post of May 3, 1969, is better prospect of both. dations had a connection with individuals
May _12, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 11991
and interests in trouble with the U.S. First, the practice of members accept and members of the Supreme Court. At
Department of Justice. The mere possi ing gifts, honorariums, or allowances that time I said that I believe the Court
bility of something more than coinci from Individuals, corporations, or any would be much improved by the resigna
dence in these similarities is eru>ugh to special interest group. This practice sug tion of a majority of the Justices of the
send shivers down the spine. gests the relationship of a patron of the Supreme Court. I still stand by that
Then, of course, there is the matter arts, and a down and out suppliant. The statement.
of Supreme Court Justices who market idea of a Supreme Court Justice feeling To be a little more precise and exact
books, and capitalize on the opportunity compelled to measure his words or con I would say the Court would be much
to harvest royalties from sale of books. duct to demonstrate a proper respect and better off if Mr. Justice Fortas and Mr.
And there is the practice of reaping sub gratitude to a benefactor or benefactors Justice Douglas would resign.
stantial honorariums for speaking en is depressing to think about and down I yield the floor.
gagements. Justice Fortas previously ac right degrading in practice. Let us put an
cepted a $15,000 honorarium for a series end to the practice.
of lectures paid from a "kitty" made up Second, Mr. President, a Justice of the SAIGON MURDERER NOW GUEST
from contributions of clients of the law Supreme Court has a full-time job OF AMERICAN TAXPAYERS
firm of which he was formerly a member. with adequate . compensation. There
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
More recently, it has been reported should be no reason to "moonlight" in
many Americans will distinctly remem
that Justice Fortas had agreed on a order to make ends meet and there can
ber the picture in most metropolitan
$2,500 honorarium as adequate compen be no excuse for having to write books
newspapers of the South Vietnam mil
satum for making a speech. One cannot and magazine articles to sell on the com
itarist national police chief, Nguyen
help wonder if dickering on the price took mercial market. Since themes for books
Ngoc Loan, murdering a Vietcong of
place in arriving ait the amount of and articles frequently are chosen to ficer with a single pistol shot during the
honorarium to be paid. Apparently, most meet demands of the current market and
Tet offensive last year. This Vietcong
of the Justices on the Supreme Court find since pornography is the hottest theme
officer had been taken prisoner by Amer
nothing wrong in this sort of "moon on the market today-it is distressing to
ican GI's. Unfortunately, although our
lighting" and consider it proper to reap have to wonder if one of our judicial au
Nation is signatory to the Geneva Pact
a financial harvest from the banquet thors might be tempted to hit the mar
guaranteeing the humane treatment of
circuit. ket with a book on obscenity and
prisoners of war, it is our continuing
Of course, this practice may or may not pornography.
policy in Vietnam to turn over all Viet
result in conflicts of interest in individ Commercialization of the office is ram
cong prisoners taken by American troops
ual cases, but what of constitutional pant, to the extent even that one Justice
to officers of the South Vietnamese
principles which come before the Court has found it necessary to employ a book
Armed Forces.
for definitive adjudication? Who pays ing agent to go about hawking a "sure
We do this notwithstanding the fact
the piper? Who calls the piper's tune? fire guaranteed hit" in much the same
our military leaders know that usually
The possibility for undue influence in manner as a vaudeville agent selling a
structuring speeches to the demands of "talking dog act." Are we to awake one those prisoners of war taken by our GI's
are often subjected to brutality and
a particular audience is too real not to day to read an advertisement in Vari
torture immediately and that many are
recognize it as a potential danger; and, ety-"Have Speech, Will Travel," pro
murdered. Soldiers of the Saigon mili
as a source of income, it is one incom moting the financial interest of a Justice
tarist regime tie their hands behind their
patible with the office of Supreme Court of the Supreme Court?
backs, usually blindfold them, invariably
Justice. Mr. President, this crass commercial
torture them, and too often murder un
Another aspect of this problem is that ization of the Supreme Court presents
fortunate Vietcong prisoners of war.
members of the Court are shamelessly us with an accumulated mess. It smells
This particular outrageous murder was
profiteering on the prestige of the Court. to high heaven. The need for cleansing is
. The guardians of our liberties are sub reminiscent of the Aegean stables or per also depicted on television screens as
jecting the Court to criticism for what haps the situation in the temple 1n the part of the Vietnam war news of that
day and viewed by millions of Amer
appears to be crass commercialism time of Christ. I do not know which com
demonstrated by a willingness to trade on parison is more apt. In any event- icans.
the prestige of their office for personal cleansing there must be. Americans should now know that this
gain. Next, Mr. President, I believe that murderer, Brig. Gen. Nguyen Ngoc Loan
Frankly, I can not accept the attitude Federal criminal statutes might be tight who was seriously wounded in street
of some Supreme Court Justices that it is ened up a bit-made a bit more precise :fighting in Saigon has been brought to
permissible to seek outside income siln in the area of undue influence, to the the United States on a commercial jet
ply because there is no law against it. A extent that individuals, corporations, liner at the expense of our taxpayers
Supreme Court Justice is appointed for and special interest groups might be dis who are footing the bill for this murderer.
life; he receives $60,000 a year in salary; couraged from dreaming up ways to This brutal murderer, accompanied by
and is entitled to retire on full pay. Under tempt Supreme Court Justices by way of his wife, four children, chauffeur, cook,
these circumstances, there should be no commercial or other offers of reward for and military aide, is in the United States
financial reason, unless it is love of any kind of advice, counsel, or service. and en route to Washington, D.C., where
money, to use the position of Justice of Finally, Mr. President, in order to ef arrangements have been made for him
the Supreme Court for personal gain in fectively achieve these ends, it would to be given a suite at Walter Reed Hos
commercialization of the office. Yet it is seem necessary that some provisions be pital and have the services of U.S. sur
a common practice. What is to be done? made for periodic financial disclosure of geons and doctors attending him under
Frankly, there is something distasteful income sources of members of the Court. the pretext that he has diplomatic status
in the idea of ilnposing criminal sanc Mr. President, it is unpleasant to think and is connected with the South Vietnam
tions in order to regulate the conduct of about the need to legislate along these Embassy in Washington.
Supreme Court Justices. But as distaste lines. I most sincerely hope that legisla This murderer will soon be at Walter
ful as it is, if their conduct in certain tion may not be necessary. I hope that Reed Hospital, Washington, receiving the
areas is not regulated by moral inhibi the Court will clean up its own house by best medical, surgical, and nursing atten
tions or by canons of the legal profession, the formulation and adoption of a code tion available. All this, of course, at the
then Congress may have no choice and of ethics. I hope that such a code may be expense of American taxpayers. Inci
must take legislative action. It is per a first priority item in the current order dentally, the suite he will occupy should
fectly obvious that some members of the of business and that standards adopted be occupied instead by some American
Supreme Court see nothing wrong in will accomplish not less than a correction GI's wounded in :fighting in Vietnam to
"judicial hustling." Such a distorted of the glaring improprieties outlined maintain in office the militarist regilne
judgment is adequate reason for enact above. in Saigon of which he is a general officer.
ing a law which says otherwise. If the U.S. Supreme Court does not act, American citizens are beginning to real
Mr. President, it seems to me that then Congress must. ize that the Saigon regime of President
there are three separate aspects of the Mr. President, last January I made a Thieu and Vice President Ky represent
overall problem which may need legisla speech on the floor of the Senate against at most but 20 percent of the people liv
tive attention. the salary raise for Members of Congress ing in South Vietnam. At least 80 per-
CXV- -755-Part 9
11992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 12, 19.69
cent are sympathetic to or :fighting with tional professional journalism fraternity, for what patriotism means to them. The Mayor
the Vietnam or forces of the National distinguished service in television editorial of Fayetteville, Monroe E. Evans, gave the
Liberation Front. izing. prizes for the three winners. David Freeman
When I was in South Vietnam, the Mr. Jurey was named news director o! won first prize. Wanda Mitchener placed sec
WTOP in 1968. He supervised the station's ond and Cathy Hobbs won third prize.
chief deputy of General Westmoreland
coverage of the April disturbances here. Two American flag decals were distributed by
informed me that 80 percent of the Viet WTOP documentaries on the riots, "Dialogue the Youth Council to all interested people
cong :fighting against Americans in the With Whitey" and "The Silent Cash Reg in displaying them on their automobiles.
Mekong Delta, south and west of Saigon, ister," was named fo:- local Emmy a.wards by Radio spot tapes were made by teen-agers
were born and reared in the Saigon the Washington chapter of the National on patriotism to be played on the local radio
Delta. Academy of Arts and Sciences. stations.
This most recent picture of this Sai In December, 1968, he asked to be relieved Murray Fogler, a Fayetteville Youth Ooun
of his administrative duties to devote full cil member, wrote a letter to Senator Sam J.
gon murderer shows a well-dressed man
time to reporting. He was named senior cor Ervin, Jr. • stating the confidence that we
in civilian clothes, carrying a cane, ac respondent. have in our country.
companied by his wife and, presumably, Born in Youngstown, Ohio, Mr. Jurey at The week closed on Saturday, March 8,
his daughter, or a friend. He will soon tended Youngstown University. He began his 1969, with a Cavalcade through downtown
be a guest and patient at the Walter career with WKBN in his home town in 1941. Fayetteville with high school students driv
Reed Hospital " .vhere his injured leg will After service with the Army Air Corps in ing decorated cars. A prize was given to the
be operated on." World War II, he returned to the station group with the best decorated car. The
oo news director. ROTC car from Reid Ross High School won
Mr. President, this seems to me to be
Mr. Jurey covered the 1960, 1964, and 1968 the prize.
a disgraceful end to a disgraceful, mur political campaigns and conventions. The Fayetteville Youth Council feels that
derous episode. Larry H. Israel, chairman of the board of this week made many of the teen-agers of
Post-Newsweek stations, said, "Jack Jurey's this area more aware of the feelings that
pioneering in editorials for local stations they have for their country.
UNTIMELY DEATH OF JACK JUREY, was a major contribution to broadcast jour
WTOP NEWSMAN nalism .. His recruitment and encouragement [First Place]
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, it is of young people coming into the field made AN ESSAY ON PATRIOTISM
his off-camera contribution as meaningful as
with sadness and regret that I read in his work on television." (By David S. Freeman III, Terry Sanford, Sr.,
the press this morning of the passing of John Corporon, vice president and general High School, Fayetteville, N.C.)
an old friend, an excellent journalist, manager of WTOP-TV, said, "Jack will be Klansman burn crosses-the panther
and first-rate reporter, Jack Jurey, who missed as a friend and as a journalist. He snarl! Freedom rings-how sweet it ls; the
haJda cbkee Jnu wreiyt,h Is tbaetliioevne W, wTaOs Pt hsein ocrei g1i9n5a8 . mtaonandd eca os mma amnneuywn sic tdoyin ratersci tbaounrt. i eHodniisst o drteiova lotitshitoe, n aW torae tsprhouirntthge r fbtihisgets b haeenaardd i sshg hoinueygs g mdionewgd nua!sl sWa-gtahalielna !cf leaC grl iagnonceh-sea du prba lbcaicusktt
tor of the use of the broadcast editorial seeking and his high standards of profes army embraced him! Wallace ran-tears ran!
both on radio and television; at least in sionalism made him one of Washington's 45, 22, 38-not a figure but an arsenal. This
the Washington area he was one of the most respected newsmen." is like it is, but not like it ought to be.
:first to employ this kind of reporting. Mr. Jurey is survived by his wife, Philo History is still repeating itself and some
one has rightly said that "the worst thing
He was the winner of a number of mena, and his daughter by a previous mar
about history is that every time it repeats
Sigma Delta Chi, and local Emmy riage, Mrs. Edwin Conklin Jr., who lives
itself the price goes up!"
awards. He was a man of outstanding with her husband in Istanbul. Those who wrap themselves most conspicu
honesty. His editorials were brief, thor ously in the stars and stripes-the symbol
ough, and to the point. I cannot recall YOUTH PATRIOTISM WEEK of liberty and equality-are the most likely
one to which I listened-and I listened to to be, either openly or tacitly, anti-Negro,
many-which did not impress me very Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, in these anti-Semitic, anti-Foreign, and anti-intel
much. troublesome days, it frequently is easy to lectual, secure in the most un-American
I knew that Jack had been ill over the view the acts of some members of the confidence that only they themselves are
true Americans. For them, the oath of alle
past few months but, nevertheless, I am younger generation through a jaundiced giance is the passport to patriotism and the
deeply sorry that the career of this out eye. Consequently, it is indeed a privilege ritual observed is the end desired.
standing correspondent, reporter, and for me to call to the attention of the Like most outward professions, the claim
newspaperman has been brought to such Congress the Youth . Patriotism Week of patriotism ironically can mask a lack of
an untimely end. sponsored by the Fayetteville, N.C., Youth faith. The patriot who thinks of himself as
On behalf of Mrs. Mansfield and my Council from March 2 through 8. a patriot may pledge allegiance to the flag,
self, I extend our deepest condolences and With the thought that other commu but he may not truly believe in the democ
racy for which it stands and the justice it
sympathies to his wife, Philomena, and nities might be interested in sponsoring is sworn to maintain. The real patriot be
to his daughter, Mrs. Edwin Conklin, Jr., a similar activity, I ask unanimous con lieves in both. But you might not recognize
who lives with her husband in Istanbul, sent to have printed in the RECORD a him, because he carries his allegiance within
Turkey. statement outlining the activities of his heart and his banner within his blood.
Mr. President, we will all miss Jack Youth Patriotism Week and the essays If we are true patriots, when the flag goes
Jurey. He was a rare man in the repor on patriotism which won the first, second, up, our fists and medals go down, and our
torial field. It will be some time before and third prizes. heads go up with pride.
his like will once again appear on the There being no objection, the state (Second Place I
scene. ment and essays were ordered to be PATRIOTISM
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con printed in the RECORD, as follows: (By Wanda K. Mitchener, E. E. Smith Senior
sent to have printed in the RECORD an YOUTH PATRIOTISM WEEK High, Fayetteville, N.C.)
obituary from the Washington Post of (Sponsored by the Fayetteville Youth "My country claims me all, claims every
this morning. Council) passion; her liberty henceforth be all my
There being no objection, the orbitu The week of March 2, thru March 8, 1969 thought; for her, my life,
ary was ordered to be printed in the was set aside to show-that the youth of "I'd willingly resign, and say with transport
RECORD, as follows: Fayetteville have a deep love for their coun that the gain was mine."-MARTYN.
try. On Sunday, March 2, a rally was held at "O say does that star-spangled banner yet
JACK JUREY, 45, WTOP NEWSMAN Rowan Park. Sgt. Lawrence Joel, Medal of wave; Or' the land of the Free and the home
Jack Jurey, senior correspondent for Honor winner, was the speaker for the rally. of the Brave."
WTOP News, died yesterday of cancer at his High school glee clubs and folk singers gave And thus ends the celebrated anthem of
home, 3211 Rowland pl. nw. He was 45. a suitable program. The four city high school America. Yet, how many Americans continue
Mr. Jurey's career with WTOP, which be service clubs took a project during the week. to hum it's melody or think twice about the
gan in August, 1958, included participation ·Some of these projects were visiting the local meaning and thought contained within the
in several award-winning efforts. He orig Veteran's Hospital, making ]X>sters, flag rais lines of our National Anthem.
inated the station's editorial, which in 1963 ing ceremonies at each school and special At the historic time in history when these
won the Radio-Television News Directors As P.A. School announcements and programs at glorious words were written by Frances Scott
sociation Awa.rd. the schools. The high school ROTC units Key, Americans were aware of their nativity.
Also, a two-week fa.ct-finding tour of Viet helped with the flag raisings at the schools. At a time in his~ry when Americans were
nam in 1965 led to a series of editorials that An essay contest, with high school stu fighting to maintain freedom, Frances Scott
won the aw:ard of Sigma Delta Ch!, the na- dents submitting a 300 word or less essay on Key expressed the feelings of many American
May 12, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 11993
people. Patriotism was strong and Americans an address before the Conference of the Temple. Why? Because he expected more
were filled with love and devotion for their Grand Masters of Masons in North from those who entered the temple, more
country; and they sang, "My country 'tis of America at the Shoreham Hotel in from those who believed in God. I think he
Thee sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing." was right. And I believe tonight that the
Washington, D.C. This speech dealt in
How many Americans are forced to seek world has a. right to expect more from Masons
their dictionary's help when patriotism is very eloquent fashion with the funda than many other groups. And God help us
mentioned? How many Americans have to mental principles upon which our coun if we do not think so. I believe Masonry
force themselves to stand tall when the try was founded. This address mertts the makes a man a better man and if it does, it
anthem is sung? How many Americans truly consideration of all thoughtful Ameri gives him an awesome responsibillty to let
know the words and meaning of our national cans and for this reason, I ask unani loose the spirit and the morals and the prin
anthem? How many Americans think about mous consent that it be printed in the ciples of Masonry. Let it come alive. Let that
their wonderful heritage? How many Ameri be our purpose.
cans love their country? These are all ques RECORD. I want to say that Masons ought to be
tions which should become a challenge to There being no objection, the address patriotic. This is a dirty word in our day
ea.eh individual in this democracy. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, and time. The thing to do if you want to be
Patriotism is not to be taken lightly, as as follows: popUlar is to criticize America; find fault
many persons seem to think, but it is to be with her. And this can be done. She has got
practiced in day to day living. Patriotism ADDRESS OF REV. IRVIN R. PusEY, GRAND her faults and she is certainly open to criti
CHAPLAIN OF THE GRAND LODGE OF DELA
should be stressed not only at Football and cism. I have done some myself. But I am
WARE AND PASTOR OF THE RED LION METH
Basketball games, but in homes, schools, ODIST CHURCH, RED LION, DEL., BEFORE THE just a little bit weary of hearing all of this.
churches, at work and recreation. Because, as I look at this land, I believe there
CONFERENCE OF GRAND MASTERS OF MASONS
The true patriot forgets not the struggles IN NORTH AMERICA, WASHINGTON, D.C., is a lot to be said for America.. And now I
of his forefathers which made him free and FEBRUARY 24, 1969 would like to say a. good word for America.
sJt"ltcowwoahiooownhhn eAnmhgnaada enk f ntt p wco t e hwhhaoFryiitinteuat .hasrth d nto iobc KoictI rl avr oepteelynli o nuanodh. tvet"nvnduoare weteoaidsLsro.d l ea "yof'tysdsy ao ivo ,cs .nre hv ma d eIiaehnfgnx oaiw ozsp drtrr ter etho,chuo a ri oa"telcnefloGnuo he yuwndr' o psus tb do ahlrneoey rytilnbdewr m.oila"nssceon,b u sk todlbps csefe pu" os Afttao utihhmhn srnerkteeieats md rdrt lyi nhoha ca eototaiisoesrsrt,, !fgMmsGtnoootriaoiinrIIergn n n d aihsmgcimgc thsftole hyot eoypnsettr eu .srLoi oLwa;nlio ddpl;oTidlsa e llr lhhgetlnordi h. eeakfd.c ie; y reIot t eyA ha altca os eona coi lrs lpdoansam elrw vhn n .ie teantv fhh h Alritofaeoleoiotemtsws wrgeb yI ee egmoir ttth irutohshyceoa egea ava ylpmenbtaseoat .e n h euram tIdase ow tt ;rMehh e ;ioes atdarafathenv.is yt neoedchIy gn it etotaroa h;yh. uc wi allu aynootsminagoovv tlksuha ee l aiIAsItccl thorooo.metvocA Ipmmh eiuete.awei e ar gnolsliAkwo hlc fkaeiu atfinf n lsti:rsadgs hdo nhtf hm ooulefptie or sAkh o ri raeesetltml p a hhia Atttoencneaoihhrlchde t oieeat c.ewgaa l laadeL gi kod.esdtr reert. seee ed t voma tWr ufofhA.to o pelseenturcsa h ndtrlttlie aer otionitcvh tnatayte aer,iabt rmtccisei.swohnca ean.rohn P. is fe abaInh oTr ettteaonhrh t mi i eiomplmes oeetswa einedoolrsaogs tpmm nohroeladsfeer.,f
l Third Place] ymoeun coafn phuarnpogs ey;o uMr atshoonusg ahst sm oenn: oMf apsaotnrsi oats ate cghonvoelrongmiceanlt a cgae,n t hceoyn tsraoyl , aanndd cthoem opnetley wanady
PATRIOTISM ism; Masons as men of prayer. take care of its people is to become social
(By Cathy Hobbs, Reid Ross High School, So to you distinguished guests; to you, Mr. istic or communistic. I do not believe it. No
Fayetteville, N.C.) Chairman; to you dear ladies and to you nation has done more for her people than
Patriotism must truly come from the heart. brethren, let me speak to these three things. America. No Nation has given more dignity
The dictionary defines it as a deep love for Masons as men of purpose. We live in a and freedom and opportunity to her people
one's country. But it can't just stop at that. divided world tonight; a world where there than America. And I know her standard of
Ask yourself, "Would I be willing to lay down are two Koreas; two Vietna.ms; two Ger living is the envy of the world. There are
my life for my country?" "Would I be willing manys; two Chinas; two Berlins. A world some who like to compare us with the com
to defend my country's beliefs, policies. and that ls divided by philosophical and polit munist nations, notably the Soviet Union.
form of government?" These points a.re only ical ideologies and even in our fair land, we Do you realize that if we were to become
a few of the many aspects covered by the see many, many problems. Freedom is under equal with the Soviet Union, we would have
word patriotism. attack by Communism. Don't you think it is to go backwards? We would have to cut
We, as young people, should be primarily not. Men by the hundreds a.re coming back our agricultural and industrial production
concerned with a love of our country. We a.re from Vietnam in little wooden boxes; pant by great percentages. We would not be able
the leaders of tomorrow and the only hope legs pinned up, coat sleeves tucked in. They to meet here tonight, if this hotel was located
for the future. Now is the time when we know Freedom is under attack tonight. We in Russia. Such a thing as Masonry would not
should be preparing ourselves for the prob see in America tonight the ravages of an in be tolerated. Such a society could not exist
lems that lie a.head. Our country depends on creasing crime rate that many of our police in the Soviet Union. You couldn't be here
us. It is the people that represent the United departments are now admitting they can tonight and if you were, there would be
States, not the figures on a national graph. not really control. Immorality in America. is secret police in the garage taking down your
It is said that the United States is the most no longer a. disgrace-it is a way of life. If license nUinbers from your cars.
1nfiuential and the richest country of today. there was ever a time for Masons to live by Speaking of police. The police in Russia are
The people before us have made it that way. the spirit of their Fraternity, it is now. To there to protect the government. The police
Their love of our land has brought us unbe become men of purpose, and I do not mean in America are here to protect the public.
flireovmab oleu rw eecaoltnho.m Tihc isst awnedapltohi nits,n b'tu nt efcreosmsa rtihley mpuernp oosfe pfuorrp omsye ljiufse"t ,b byu sta yaisn gM "aOsohn,s I thoa tvaek ea AAmnde rIi caam a .roen ed owinhgo at hginrekast tjhoabt atnhde paoreli creid oi f
small intangible aspects of life in general the purposes and the spirit of Masonry and culed unnecessarily. The Grand Master of
Our fathers, grandfathers,, and great-grand lgeett iitt oliuvte oifn t hoeu rr ihtueaalr tosf; ao. nL otdhgee Rstoreoemts ,a nidn Dcoelloanwealr eo, f Wthaer resnta tSec hpuoelilceer,. iWs ea hlaievue tetnharenet
fathers have all laid down their lives for this our homes and in our factories. Let Masonry other state troopers on the staff, who are
wonderful country. They did this not because come alive; let it become incarnate in our Masons, and whenever I hear the cry of
they had to, but because they wanted to bodies, because unless it does then I am police brutality go up I cringe, because usu
fulfill the dream of all Americans-the dream afraid of its future. ally, it is just an attempt to get out of a
of freedom and peace for everyone. Not long ago I gave my little daughter a crime a person has already committed. And
Freedom and peace can't come by just sit stuffed toy lion. She played with it, carried I will tell you something tonight, brethren
ting back and letting nature take its course. it around; kicked and mauled it. I often and friends. I hope I never have to make the
Peace will come only through brotherly love, wondered what would happen if that stuffed choice, but if I do have to make the choice,
and there is no better place to start than by lion ever came alive. Many Masons a.re treat I would far rather have police brutality of
loving one's own country. ing Masonry that way. We dabble in it; we the criminal rather than criminal brutality
As I said before, patriotism must come from play with it. Oh, if it could only come a.live. of the public the way it is being done today.
the heart. Only when sincerity plays its I hear people say "you know we have got to And so as I look at America, I see that she
proper role will this land of ours be free and defend Masonry." I do not believe it. You do is already far ahead of any other system of
peaceful. not have to defend Masonry any more than government. Name any system of government
you have to defend a lion. Let it loose. It will that has done as much for their people as
ADDRESS OF REV. IRVIN R. PUSEY, protect itself. Let it loose in your life and the United States of America! In fact, many
my life. of these governments today exist because of
BEFORE THE CONFERENCE OF
We read in the Book of Acts in the Bible, the American dollar that's kept them afloat.
GRAND MASTERS OF MASONS 'IN of Peter and John going up to the Temple So why should we want to change to another
NORTH AMERICA and they met a. lame man at the gate of the form of government when we a.re already
Mr. ERVIN. Mr. President, on Febru temple. He was begging. It was quite sur ahead!
ary 24, 1969, the Reverend Irvin R. Pu pursiesdin gto, bbeecga uosne tahte t hoautt stiidme eo mf othset bceigtyg aarst tioMn ; staanndd sr ,f ofro Mr iognhety, , asmhe niso ta amshigahmtyed n ao f
sey, grand chaplain of the Grand Lodge the gates of the city where the marketing the military power of the United States be
of Delaware and pastor of the Red Lion was done and the caravans ca.me through. cause I'm convinced tonight that the only
Methodist Church, Red Lion, Del., made But, this man was begging at the gates of thing that stands between the Soviet, the
11994: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE May 12, 1-969
Red Chtnese war machine and world domina was in theological seminary. It was told to I cannot buy the idea that she was supposed
tion is the military power of the United me by one of the associate editors of the Bal to be religiously neutral, not when I look at
States! I believe they fear and respect it and timore Sun Newspaper. He said, "when I was history. When the Pilgrims would rather have
I'm not ashamed of our military power! I'm born, my mother died in giving me child their Bibles than their lives, and came to
proud of every one of our men in uniform birth. He said, my father was a good man these shores and wrote a Mayflower pact and
because ~ey not only represent theix coun a farmer, and I was the last of eleven chil stated therein that they took possession of
try, but they represent a direct challenge dren. Dad wanted to keep the family to this land in the name of God and for the
to a way of life that would ruin our way of gether and he did. He said one warm sum propagation of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.
life. They represent power that the enemy mer day I saw my dad sitting on the front When I see Washington kneeling at Valley
will respect! And to those who would burn porch of the old farm house and I ran and Forge, praying. When I hear Benjamin Frank
the American flag and tear it down, burn climbed up into his lap. I was then a.bout lin call thirteen colonies together when they
their draft cards (and by the way, when seven years old. Dad put his big a.rm a.round were about to split up at the Continental
they burn their draft cards, I would have a me and began to tell me all about my Congress and say to those gentleman, "let us
lot more respect for them if they burnt their mother, whom I never knew. Tears rolled pray". And out of that prayer meeting came
social security cards at the same time). Those down his cheeks and when he had finished much of the structures of our Government. I
who burn the American flag ought to read up he pointed to a little cemetery across the see the Continental Congress in 1775--one
on their history and I'll make this statement way and said, son, you'll never know how year before the Declaration of Independ
in front of anybody-No nation has done much you cost me." ence-call upon the American people on July
more for the world in the history of the All across the world America can point to 12th to have a day of fasting and prayer in
world than the United States of America! hundreds of thousands of little white crosses humility and recognition of Almighty God.
Ask any Englishman if there would be an and say to the world, you'll never know how That was done by the Continental Congress
England today without America's help in much you cost me. She is a mighty nation in 1775. It was George Washington who is
World War II. Of course not! Charles De and I am not ashamed of her military power. sued a statement that he would like to see
Gaulle, in France, can say all he wants to E stands for Everyone. Now we know and ministers or chaplains in all branches of the
about his anti-Americanism (you notice he we have to admit that there have been in armed services. And it was Washington, after
doesn't do it too much anymore . . . not justices in this country. This is certainly, he had finished his oath of otfice said "so help
since he got stung himself by the Com true. But there have been injustices in every me Goel", and so has every President all
munists last spring when they turned on country. I do believe, however, that more down through history. The Congress in 1853
him), but he used to be very anti-American people have been given an opportunity in decreed that the motto on our coinage and
in many respects. Yet, Charles De Gaulle has this country than in any other nation. There our money should be "In God We Trust".
a nation to be president of tonight because are a lot of people tonight who are submit Consider the National Anthem of this Nation
there are 10,000 American graves in Nor ting bills to America. They want something. (The Star Spangled Banner). It has this
mandy and throughout France that bought It is like the little boy who went to school. phrase in it: ("Praise the power that has
his country back from Hitler I I'll say this too! He found out from his classmates that some made us and preserved us a nation. Then
There wouldn't even be a Russia tonight CY! them were getting a larger allowance than conquer we must when our cause it is just
without America! Just go back in history a he was getting. When he found it out he and this be our motto In God is our Trust.)
few years. In 1942, Hitler's armies were at thought he would give Mom the word. But That is our National Anthem. Go to the Lin
the gates of Moscow and we know that the when he got home, he chickened out and coln Memorial and there vou can read his
Russian winter took its toll. But it wasn't could not bring himself to tell her that he Gettysburg address which has this phrase in
the Russian winter that defeated Hitler's needed a larger allowance because every one it ("one nation under God"). Go to the tomb
army-it was the Russian army that de else in the class was getting it. He wrote her of the Unknown Soldier and there you can
feated Hitler's armies, but with what? a note, and left it on the dining room table. read ("Here Lies One Known Only To God").
Ships-hundreds of them left American When he went to school the next morning Go to the Washington Monument and there
ports and put in at Russian ports. It was his mother found it. She picked it up and you can read many portions of Scripture, one
American guns, and American tanks, and read it. It went something like this: (To of which says ("Suffer the little children to
American planes, and American bombs in the Mom. A bill from your son. For taking out come unto me and forbid them not for of
hands of Russian soldiers that turned the the garbage, fifty cents; for helping with the such is the Kingdom of Goel"). In 1956 the
tide and if she didn't have the war equip dishes, seventy-five cents; for saying thank Congress of the United States had the phrase
ment we gave to her, she could never have you and please, two dollars. It all totaled up ("One Nation Under God") inserted into the
done it! Hitler would have marched right in to several dollars. Pledge of Allegiance to our flag. Many of the
to the streets of Moscow. So there is a Rus When he came home that night his mother men who wrote our great historic documents
spiuam topdeady obuetc aoufs eh ethr efraec twoarise as nw Aamr emriactae rwiahlos dtlied bniott ssuaryp rai swedo,r db tuot hhiem waansd thoeo waafrsa ai dl itto twheerier RMeelnig ioofu Gs Codo navnidct itohnesy f rdoidm nthoet Pseopliatriactael
and armed the Soviet soldiers. And then bring up the subject. After he finished his Philosophy. America's history is rooted in the
those who would say about America's in supper, he saw a little note sticking out from Bible; she was reared in the cradle of praye_r
volvement in Vietnam-how criminal we are under the plate. He pulled it out and opened and nursed at the breast of the church.
omhawainvnnaee eddd nard ?ltorwlo a t devhWwo aaefipyhg rtWo yehesdu -heW lrweEose etedioue ss rkr ttotmn u hpG roeeaEnen tuferae amrdynsot adthpeoni eenskyu tti,r ao lg plnt retahdWordsie wt sae!hm i sseneutanrgW rn e Giedymehceo saoyor ltmnl fl at ooarhodom nuasiiyydesrt aiidiwgtnnot eoe gt ubatrot eptia hlt .tlltsh hkhiItefce tior ks a os f, nd amliwtoiddohdo oe er yirats tloo.co,dw u om tHiwrshat ethaene Mtwl hdkocayi c,nost ogoh gstuoluehto il lrvnediwa.keg ta.ec F sn Fionot neohslirvtotgr io evs hbwt :reert t.a iah TnsrwFceo egho hlpimoijrneana vngyywwge . ssa yyyo hlHoookoniuuues f, ofdwctrhhnoeoeIa e euamn lwgods pefantnr ,ayee' htn vs!bwedse ur?Ssri t t ohs,im Ine?f tes oehAmtwr iom t ostutraeuhotiy lie ado hwrlnn n ahbe'vsteoIy !end w js awuFuotnriprautyyeudnl ?edabtt i tIeoi ytEtnnowotlge seuor,ec! u tlaawilisoldmWa tnnteniis'hnrmtt?n!i a c eattAheosI
the soundest! What did we do with Japan? mother). tives. And until they do, I am not for de
Here is an enemy that had a sneak attack Suppose that in some way America could stroying a structure of government that has
odnie dP! eWarli thH athrbiso r enaenmd y 2t7h00a t Asmtaebrbiecdan usm einn submit a bill to us for the privilege of being served so many, so well, for so long.
the back, we signed a peace treaty on the born in this country. The cost was the grace C stands for Capitalism. Here is another
of God. For the freedom you have enjoyed, dirty word today. It simply defines an eco
Ndaenocd!k sWp loeu fns dethenret amUno.dSn .elSoy. o, Mt maiesnsddoi ucrarailp. eaD itdihd, a ftwo oend a gtsioou npi?n ltehye Fcoorsgt ew, aGs eitntynsubmuergra, bIlwe ol ivJiems ag,i vKeno raeta Vaanld tnoo mmiack es yas tpermo fitth aant ds aoywsn a p rmopaenr thya. sA na dr iigt hist
plies, factory equipment--we went in there so on. We could never repay her for what she this economic system called capitalism that
and we put Japan back on her feet! We has done for us. has released the energies of man as no other
also turned back to her many islands of the R stands for Religion. We will never be able system has, that he might achieve the capa
Pacific taken at such a high price, Iwo to understand this great American phenom bilities God gave him. And this system, as,
Jima to name one. Today, Japan is the fast enon apart from GOD. What is it that makes Senator Walter Judd said, "has made it pos
est growing economy in the whole world, America unique? Not democracy. Other na sible for six percent of the world's popula
thhearn bkes ttteor htehra nen sehmey ,h Aadm eervicear , bweehno ttrreeaatteedd itito tnhso uhsaavned hs aodf dyeemarosc raagcoy.. NTohte hGerre emkisl ithaardy tpieorn clievnint g oifn tthhee Uwnoitreldd' sS tawteeasl ttho. oSwinx fipfteyr
before, even after Pearl Harbor. Who was the power. Other nations have had military pow cent of the world's population owns fifty
first one to come to the aid of the South er. Not her resources. Other nations have per cent of the world's wealth. It didn't just
Koreans, even before the United Nations in gshreea ti sr eosnoue rcneast.i oI nb eulniedveer itG oisd .t hNeo ftiaccet tthhaatt hspaaprpkeend. iTth aenred wparism aend eicto annodm itch asyt sstyesmte mth aist
volved themselves in it? And those in South phrase-Under God. Not equal with God, or called caJ?italism. Although there are many
Vietnam! When no other nation cared, the above God, or along side of God, but a nation nations around the world who look down
very finest of our young men went over there under God. Under God's rule and law. As I their noses at it and do not want to have any
and are over there going through the ravages have surveyed the American scene, I have thing to do with it, they will take all the
of war for the freedom of another country! wondered how people can get the idea she cream that it can produce. They will take
Don't tell me we're criminal-history just is supposed to be religiously neutral. Oh, I all the money capitalism can make. They do
doesn't prove it! know that there was no religious denomina not want the system, but they want all that
I am reminded CY! a story I heard when I tion to be supported by our government. But it can produce."
May 12, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 11995
We have this great system of capitalism night so desperately ls what God can do for take the legislative proposals, listen to
because the political structure of our Gov her through people like you. the testimony, read the appended mate
ernment says that man is endowed with cer Abraham Lincoln in his famous Gettys rial-often in very minute detail and in
tain inalienable rights, and these rights are burg Address said that this nation needed the technical terms as presented to us
endowed by his Creator, including the right a new birth of freedom and in his time that
to own property and to make a profit. This was very true. I think tonight we could by able physicians, lawyers, engineers,
-rests on the foundation of a religious philos change the words to say that this nation and mining technicians and practition
ophy that men are important to God. That needs a new birth of faith; faith in God, ers.
they are made in the image of God, and that so that government of the people, by the The VICE PRESIDENT. The time of
freedom is not just something that we ob people, and for the people shall not perish the Senator from West Virginia has ex
tained. Freedom is something in the human from the earth. pired.
heart. We can go back to the Book of Genesis
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, I ask
in the Old Testament and note the creation
of Adam and Eve. When God made Adam he S-2118-INTRODUCTION OF THE unanimous consent to proceed for 5 ad
gave him a free will. And God did it at a COMPOSITE VERSION FEDERAL ditional minutes.
risk. A risk that he would rebel and disobey COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob~
God. God was willing to take that risk be ACT jection, it is so ordered.
cause he thought it was so valuable for man Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, at
to have freedom. Whenever the flame of that Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, I in the outset, even before the hearings be
freedom planted there by Almighty God, has troduce, for appropriate reference, a bill gan, I indicated that I was not com
been imprisoned it has leaped out into the to improve the health and safety condi mitted just to words but to the purpose
wabolrel d.r igAhllt sa raen dc reeantdeodw wedit hb yc etrhtaeiinr Cinraelaiteonr . tions of persons who work in the impor of the legislation. Now, we are able to
That is the philosophy that lets capitalism tant and vital coal mining industry of look back at the completed record of
be what it is tonight. the United States. hearings and to make our assessments of
A stands for Abundance. America is an The VICE PRESIDENT. The bill will the testimony as we begin executive ses
abundant nation. We have over 500,000 men be received and appropriately referred. sions to agree on and to report specifics
in Vietnam; 300,000 or so in Europe; 50,000 in The bill <S. 2118) to improve the of important and necessary moderniza
Korea; hundreds of other thousands scat health and safety conditions of persons tion of Federal coal mine health and
tdceoorsletlldayr , apbrroolougonrdadym t whinae r s. pwWaocreel d gh. oaWvineeg aoa nrme n uofliwtgi.,h: brteiinlalgcio hna twhoer kUinngi tiend thSeta tceosa, l imntirnoindgu ciendd ubsytr yM orf. psaefreftoyr mla wthsi.s I r ehsoppoen sainbdil iIt yb perlioemvep twlye awnildl
RANDOLPH, was received, read twice by
ing out to the stars. We have a mult1-b1llion will have our recommendations before
dollar social improvement program reaching its title, and referred to the Committee the full Committee on Labor and Public
out to the people. And not one of us a ra on Labor and Public Welfare. Welfare by early June.
tion card for food or gasoline. She is an Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, this I do not feel that I have an infiexible
abundant nation, she's been good to you and bill is what I call a composite approach.
position because I know that there must
tome. My version of the legislation embraces
be give-and-take discussions by our sub
I remember several years ago a couple who numerous provisions of measures now
celebrated their 60th wedding anniversary. pending in the Committee on Labor and committee before we complete action and
Their daughter, now grown up, with chil prepare our report.
Public Welfare, on which we have heard
dren of her own, wanted to take mother and It is emphasized, Mr. President, that
dad out for dinner. The parents said cer voluminous testimony from many, many this legislation is the fulfillment of what
tainly we will be happy to go, but before witnesses for over 60 hours. I believe to be a commitment I must
we do, we would like to go to an old farm I stress, Mr. President, that the pro make as a Senator from West Virginia,
some miles from here. So the daughter drove posed fo.rm of the Federal Coal Mine
the leading coal-producing State, and
them out to the farm. The barn had fallen Health and Safety Act of 1969 is sub
down. Someone else was tilling the ground. mitted as my version of what I believe the one with the largest number of active
The house had burned down. They got out to be a workable and potentially effec miners. The commitment I make also is
of the car and they walked up the lane, the that of the ranking majority member of
tive composite of six bills, namely, S.
old farm lane, covered now with weeds. The the subcommittee having jurisdiction
hweirfee. sTahide dtoau gthhete rh ushsoboank dh, erle ht'esa dst oapn dr isgahidt 3a5to5 r;a nsd. 1S0.9 446 a7,n din Str.o 1d1u7c8e, di nbtyro tdhuics eSde bny fouvlefril ltmheisn t,l eIg iasmlat icoanll. inIng otnh ea pquurasruteitr ooff
I do not understand it. I wanted to take you the junior Senator from New Jersey <Mr. a century of congressional experience
out to a very lovely dinner for your 60th WILLIAMS) ; S. 1300, introduced by the
spanning the whole life of the fight-
twhheeerde dm bineidgfod rlaeen wnoiefv genoros twaorhy de, irnea.nn eWdr ?h hyTe hrdeei dwy ioyfueo usal ircpeop meinde JsAeVniIoTSr ) Saennda tootrh efrr oSme naNtoewrs oYno rtkh e <mMir . wFehdicehra lb ergoalne iinn tmhea tmteirds- 1p9e3rt0a'sin-oinng thtoe
her hand into that of her husband, saying, it nority side for the Nixon administration; coal mine health and safety.
was right here that your father first told and S. 1907, introduced by the junior Our first breakthrough on the Federal
me that he loved me. It is a meaningful Senator from Kentucky <Mr. CooK), by role occurred in 1941. I was then chair
place. request.
man of the Subcommittee on Coal of
When history is written, may they look Thorough hearings on all six measures the House Mines and Mining Committee.
obfa ctkh eo nM tahsoisn itcr oLuobdlgeeds , etrhae oyf wAemree roincae soafy tihnge were conducted capably by the Subcom I have been a consistent advocate of
first that told America they loved her. mittee on Labor, chaired by Senator strengthening safety and improving oc
Finally, Masons should not only be men of HARRISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., of New Jer cupational health in coal mines. My ob
purpose and men of patriotism, but men of sey. Chairman WILLIAMS' record of pres jective always has been to work for fair
prayer. Men of faith who not only believe in ence throughout the hearings was com treatment for miners and operators
the reality of God but that they can com mendably close to 100 percent. I sat be alike-but always for improved safety of
mune and communicate with God through side him through more than 52 hours of the miners, whether or not the operators
parteayde irn. tIof ao ulirt tplera ryietursa lh tahvae t smimepalnys dneogtheninegr , testimony by witnesses. agreed with our formula for expressing
then God help us. Whenever the Masonic I wish to express my personal and of the Federal role. In the present legisla
Lodge loses its spiritual dimensions it will ficial appreciation to the chairman of the tive considerations, I am gratified to find
lose its life. We need to keep alive the great Subcommittee on Labor for the capable management and labor closer to agree
sinews of faith, a belief in God. A supreme manne.r in which he conducted the hear ments on ways and means to achieve bet
being, not just an ideal but a personal God, ings. ter health and safety conditions in the
who I believe as a Christian minister has I think it is important for us to realize mines than usually was true in the past.
made himself known in Jesus Christ.
Someone has said when you depend on that members of the subcommittee en The primary objectives of the newly
money, you will get what money can do. tered into this task with the realization introduced version, based on study of
And that is something. If you depend on or that the answers would not be easy to the several bills and voluminous testi
ganization, you will get what organization come by as we seek to improve safety and mony, are first, to prescribe and to pro
can provide. And that is something. If you health conditions in the coal mines of vide in law means and requirements for
depend on programs, you will get what pro this country. healthier and safer working conditions,
grams can do. And that is something. But,
I think we also realize that we were but, second, to do so without overtly and
when you depend on prayer, you will get
what God can do. I know in my life I need not to polarize our thinking, that we ill advisedly destroying any more jobs of
what God can do. What my church needs is were not to say one bill is right and an men employed in the coal industry than
what God can do. What America needs to- other bill is wrong, but that we were to necessary, and, third, to do so without
11996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 12, 1969
depriving the American and the world out impairing fulfillment of the prima~ attained under existing technology. Also
economy of the coal tonnage expansion objectives of this legislation. created is a coal dust advisory committee
that this country's and worldwide en Above all, I trust that· in the overall to be composed of equal representation
ergy needs will continue to demand. my proposed version of a new and broad of coal miners, coal operators, and the
Mr. President, we must move forward er coal mine health and safety act will U.S. Bureau of Mines. An admonition is
with this mission of developing the Fed help to save lives and will improve oc.. provided to reduce the dust standard
eral role more fully in the area of coal cupational health conditions for the when and where technology makes it
mine health and safety. But we must do brave and strong men who mine the Na feasible--to a level of at least 3
so reali.Stically and with an awareness tion's coal. mgm/m3 level. Additional provisions refe r
that even a conservative Federal Coal All of the six bills on which we heard to the exposure of a miner to dust over
Mine Health and Safety Act will mean testimony were subjected to some criti a work shift. There is a necessary pro
substantial increases in the cost of pro cism. That does not impugn the integ vision for X-rays of miners every 2 years.
ducing coal and in the price of coal at rity of those who wrote, endorsed, or in Technical changes are suggested in the
the marketplaces. Likewise, the costs of troduced and sponsored them. safety standards-although, as with
the production of the byproducts of coal, My new bill, the seventh to be added other sections, there is general agreement
electricity, some chemicals, steel, and, to the lineup of proposals before the on principle with other bills, except as
eventually, automobiles and appliances, subcommittee when executive sessions to the important matter of gassy and
wm be increased as a consequence of begin, likewise will have its critics nongassy mines. I will explain in greater
higher coal costs and prices. So, con probably from coal management as well detail on a later occasion my reasons for
sumers will pay more, too, for the end as coal labor. My effort is a well-meaning restoring gassy and nongassy categories
products. one as to language I offer in this com of mines and for the establishment of
Vast new capital investments will have posite of the measures on which we have standards for both categories. Declaring
to be made by many of the coal mine heard testimony. all mines gassy in a new coal mine health
owners and operators to achieve the new Mr. President, in essence my proposal and safety bill, when more than 75 per
and broader health and safety standards follows the format of both the Johnson cent of American mines have been
that the new law apparently will provide. administration bill <S. 355), which I in classed nongassy for years, is going too
I anticipate that there will have to be troduced January 16, and the Nixon ad far too fast.
many acquisitions of marginal and un ministration bill <S. 1300), which the
derfinanced mining properties by the senior Senator from New York <Mr.
larger companies-hence, there will be a JAVITS) introduced on March 4 for him EXECUTIVE SESSION
concentration of coal reserve ownership, self and other Senators. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask
as well as a concentration of active Changes, some of them substantial, unanimous consent that the Senate go
mining property ownership, within a have been made. This legislation con into executive session for the considera
smaller circle of companies. If we pass tains the principal provisions of both the tion of Executive Calendar Nos. 2 and 3,
and I feel sure we will pass-this new Johnson administration and the Nixon a convention and an agreement, reported
legislation, let us be prepared to accept administration bills, but I believe im unanimously by the Committee on For
these conditions. provements are present in: First, title I. eign Relations.
And I predict, too, that there will be section 101, which provides that both the This matter has been cleared with the
many job losses as hundreds of small health and safety standards established distinguished minority leader, the rank
and medium-size mines feel the impact in titles II and m will be the mandatory ing member of tho committee on the
of the new health and safety legal re health and safety standards in perma Republican side, and the chairman of the
quirements. It is probable, too, that much nent law, rather than interim standards committee.
lost time will be experienced-even at to be replaced by regulations by the Sec The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
some of the large mines-as new require retary of the Interior. In title I, section jection, it is so ordered.
ments and tighter inspections come to 101, of our version, however, the Secre
the fore. It is likely, also, that many tary of the Interior may go beyond the
miners and their f amities will have to mandatory standards established in titles CONVENTION ON OFFENSES COM
relocate to continue employment in min II and m and develop new or revised MITI'ED ON BOARD AmCRAFT
ing, as occurred extensively during the standards where there are changes in
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
early mechanization of coal mines. Out technology or research data, but subject
of these conditions, I fear that there to noti-ce of hearing and review proce move that the Senate proceed to the con
will be renewals of the problems inher dures. I consider this to be a reasonable sideration of Executive L <90th Cong.,
ent in pockets of poverty-especially in and workable compr<>mise between :first, second sess.>, a convention of offenses
the mining sections of the Appalachian the position of the United Mine Workers committed on board aircraft.
region. and the operators, whose omcers have The motion was agreed to; and the
Yes, Mr. President, these are costs we urged that all standards be made perma Senate, as in Committee of the Whole,
must expect and the prices we must be nent in the statute, not subject to proceeded to consider the convention
prepared to pay for the fu1fillment of change by the Secretary of the Interior; <Ex. L 90th Cong., second sess.), a con
the objective of making coal mining and second, the position of the .Johnson vention on offenses committed on board
safer, and for making coal mines and Nixon administration bills giving aircraft, signed at Tokyo on September
healthier places in which to be gainfully the Secretary broad powers to develop or 14, 1963, which was read the second time,
employed. revise "interim" standards. as follows:
As in our endeavors on behalf of clean As to coal dust abatement and control CONVENTION OF OFFENCES AND CERTAIN 0rHER
er air to breathe and purer water to con in the interest of reducing health haz ACl'S COMMITTED ON BOABD AmCRAF.r
sume, we must realize, however, that ards-especially coal miners' black lung The States parties to this Convention have
there does not exist the ultimate in tech disease--we continue the 4.5 mgm/m8 agreed as follows:
nology to make for pristine purity of air standard, although recognizing that this CHAPI'ER I-SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION
and water, so we must realize, also, that standard may be difficult to meet in Article 1
there does not exist the complete tech many mines-especially in the thin seam 1. This Convention shall apply in respect
nology to guarantee absolute safety and low-sulfur coal mones of southern West of:
no impairment of health in underground Virginia where prime coking and "chem a) offences against penal law;
coal mining. ical" coals are produced. In order to b) acts which, whether or not they are
The capital investment and operating carry out the purpose of the dust stand otiences, may or do jeopardize the safety of
costs of mining coal under the health ard, which is to protect the health of the aircraft or of persons or property therein
or which jeopardize good order and discipline
and safety conditions which would be re the miners, and in order not to deprive
on board.
quired or authorized under the measure men of work through mine closures or
2. Except as provided in Chapter III, this
I offer will be vastly larger industrywide excessive withdrawals, respirators and Convention shall apply in respect of offences
than are the costs under existing law. other equipment are required to be pro committed or acts done by a. person on boar:d
But I hope that I have suggested ways to vided by operators and used by miners any aircraft registered in a. Contracting
remove some of the overload costs'with- where the 4.5 mgm standard cannot be State, while that aircraft is. in flight o!" ·~>n