Seminars in Nephrology 2000: Vol 20 Index

19 Pages·2000·4.3 MB·English

AUTHOR INDEX
Alcorta, D. A., 20
Goral, S., 83
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Balow, J. E., 32, 265 Hakim, R. M., 543 Ma, J. Z., 345 Schnackenberg, C. G., 417
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Burns, G. C., 293 Munger, W., 20
Jefferson, J. A., 286 Murphy, S. T., 350 Taylor, A., 437
Cattran, D. C., 299 Jennette, J. C.. 20, 233 Teng, S. N., 256
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Denton, M. D., 164 Julian, B. A., 277 Parfrey, P. S., 350 Turka, L. A., 209
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Kone, B. C., 47
Falk, R. J., 20, 233 Krijnen, P., 463 Ray, N. F., 565 Waga, I., 20
Feldman, H. I., 526 Kunis, C. L., 256 Rettig, R. A., 503, 505 Warnock, D. G.. 40
Ritz, E., 382
Welch, W. J., 394
Galla, J. H., 556 Lakkis, F. G., 95 Romero, J. C., 456 Wilcox, C. S., 387, 432. 489
Geddes, C. C., 299 Lazarus, J. M., 543 RRuobsisn,, M.R,. H5.6,5 148 WWionmsetro,n , K.J . L.A,, 122963
Seminars in Nephrology, Vol 20, No 6 (N ovember), 2000: p 577
oO ™N
SUBJECT INDEX
Ablative chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation with stem Alloantigen-dependent chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 127-
cell reconstitution and, for lupus nephritis, 35 132
Academic institutions, recommendations to, on nephrologist acute rejection as predictor of, 127-129
training, 89-90 cellular immune response and, 130-131
Academic renal division, 556-564 HLA match and, 130
clinical care organization in university hospital by, 561-562 humoral immune response and, 131-132
dialysis section of, 558-559 inadequate immunosuppression and, 129-130
future of, 562-564 panel reactive antibodies and, 132
parity and incentives in, 561 role of T-cell costimulation in, 131
research section of, 560-561 Alloantigen-independent chronic renal allograft dysfunction,
teaching section of, 559-560 132-139
transplantation and hypertension sections of, 559 brain death and, 133-134
ACEI\(s), see Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s) cellular senescence and, 135-136
ACEI-PRA (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-plasma CMV infection and, 136
renin activity) test, 433-435, 451, 464, 466 cytokines and growth factors in, 138-139
Acetaminophen, 112 hyperlipidemia and, 136-137
Acidosis, and epithelial cell injury in ARF, hypertension and, 137-138
Acute renal allograft rejection immunosuppression and, 137
and posttransplantation CVD, 183-184 ischemia/reperfusion injury and, 134-135
as predictor of alloantigen-dependent chronic renal allograft “marginal” donor and, 132-133
dysfunction, 127-129 Allochimeric molecules in transplantation, 120
Acute renal failure (ARF), 4-19 Allograft dysfunction, see Chronic renal allograft dysfunction
bioartifical RAD and, 71-78 Allograft rejection, see Rejection, allograft
outcome of, 17-18 Allograft survival
pathophysiology and, see Pathology of ARF renal, in pediatric renal transplantation, 199-202
preventive and therapeutic management of, 14-17 SPK, 190-191
Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), bioartifical RAD impact on, Alloimmune response in allograft rejection, 95-102
75-78 alloantigens in, 95
Acyclovir (ACV), 157 allorecognition in, 95-96
Adenine nucleotide metabolism, and epithelial cell injury in cytokines in, 98
ARF, 8 effector mechanisms of allograft rejection and, see Effector
Adenosine mechanisms of allograft rejection
in AT,-induced hypertension, 420 self-regulation of, 100
as mediator of renin release in RVH, 399 T lymphocyte activation and, 96-98
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, ischemia-induced ep- Allorecognition, 95-96
ithelial cell injury and, 6 Alpha (q@)-adrenergic blockers, 179
Adequacy of dialysis, Medicare policy and, 568-569 Alpha (a@)-melanocyte stimulating hormone (@-MSH), 14
Adhesion molecule-1 oligonucleotides, antisense intercellular, ALS (antilymphocyte serum), 111
118-119 Alternative therapies of ANCA GN and vasculitis, 242-243
Administration AME (apparent mineralocorticoid excess) syndrome, low-renin
ATGAM/thymoglobulin, 111 hypertension and, 41
see also Routes of rHuEPO administration American Society of Nephrology, recommendations to, on
Administrative issues in chronic dialysis, need to resolve, 66-69 nephrologist training, 88
a (alpha)-Adrenergic blockers, 179 Amlodipine, 464-465
B (beta)-Adrenergic blockers, 179, 252, 253, 493, 496 Amphotericin, 160-161
Adverse effects of NESP, 380-381 Amyloidosis in the elderly, treatment of, 259-261
AG490, 118 ANCAs, see entries beginning with terms: Antineutrophil cy-
Aldosterone, 399 toplasmic antibody
Aldosterone antagonists, 252-253 Anemia management in dialyzed ESRD patients
Aldosteronism, glucocorticoid-remediable, low-renin hyperten- current concepts dealing with, 320-329
sion and, 41-42 introduction to, 319
ALG (antilymphocyte globulin), 171, 252 see also rHuEPO for anemia in dialyzed ESRD patients
Algorithm for functional studies of renin, 435 Angiitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic, as ANCA GN and vascu-
Alloantibodies in allograft rejection, 99-100 litis, 234
Alloantigen(s), 95 Angiography, see Magnetic resonance angiography of renovas-
see also Alloantigen-dependent chronic renal allograft dys- cular disease
function; Alloantigen-independent chronic renal allograft Angioplasty, see Balloon angioplasty; Percutaneous translumi-
dysfunction nal renal angioplasty
578 Seminars in Nephrology, Vol 20, No 6 (November), 2000: pp 578-595
SUBJECT INDEX
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s) (ACEI) for GN in the elderly, 263
for ANCA-GN, 240 for IgA nephropathy, 278, 279, 283, 287
for ANCA-negative RPGN, 252-253 for post-renal transplantation CVD, 184
in chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 138, 141-142 for renovascular disease, 396, 427-428, 439-440
for FSGS, 314 see also specific angiotensin Il receptor antagonists
for GN in the elderly, 263 ANPs (atrial natriuretic peptides) in ARF, 12, 14
for HIV-associated nephropathy, 296 Antibodies
for IgA nephropathy, 278-280, 283 alloantibodies in allograft rejection, 99-100
for IMN, 300-305 ANCA, see Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulo-
for post-renal transplantation CVD, 179, 184 1ephritis and vasculitis; Antineutrophil cytoplasmic anti
see also Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-plasma re- body-negative rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
nin activity test; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor monoclonal, see Monoclonal antibody(ies)
renography; Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s) panel reactive, chronic renal allograft dysfunction and, 132
in renovascular disease and specific ACEIs Anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb), 108, 112
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-plasma renin activity Antigen
(ACEI-PRA) test (captopril stimulation test), 433-435, heteropolymers based on, for ANCA-negative RPGN, 252
451, 464, 466 see also HLA; HLA-B27
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) renography, Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease, post-
437-444 renal transplantation recurrent or de novo, 169-170
choice of ACEI for, 438 Antihistamines, 237
costs of, and recommendations on, 440-443
Antihypertensive therapy
interpretation of, 440 of ANCA GN and vasculitis, 240
in ischemic nephropathy, 492-493
of chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 141-142
one versus two day protocols, 438-439
of post-renal transplantation CVD, 179
patient preparation for, 439-440
of renovascular disease, see Medical management of
problems with, and limitations of, 440
vascular disease
radiopharmaceuticals used in, 437-438
see also specific antihypertensive agents; for example:
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s) (ACEI) in renovas-
giotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(s)
cular disease, 423, 427-429, 453, 481-484
Antilymphocyte globulin (ALG), 171, 252
in DRASTIC study, 463-470
Antilymphocyte preparations, polyclonal, 111, 115
in ischemic nephropathy, 489, 493-497
Antilymphocyte serum (ALS), I 11
renin-angiotensin system inhibition with, 404-412
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) glomerulone
and renin release in RVH, 396-397
phritis (GN) and vasculitis, 233-243
Angiotensin (AT) receptor(s), role of, in renal pathophysiology,
clinical manifestations of, 236-238
402-416
natural history and prognosis of, 238
experimental models of, 407-412
pathology of, 236-237
and renin-angiotensin inhibitors, 404-407
serology of, 233-236
subtypes of, 402-404
therapy of, see Treatment of ANCA glomerulonephritis and
Angiotensin I (AT,) receptor(s), role of, in renal pathophysiol-
vasculitis
ogy, 402-403
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative rapidly pro-
Angiotensin I (AT,) receptor antagonists, 397, 406-412, 427-
gressive glomerulonephritis (ANCA-negative RPGN),
428
244-255
see also specific angiotensin I receptor antagonists
Angiotensin II (AT,)-induced hypertension, 417-425 classification of, 245, 247
adenosine and, 420 clinical presentation of, 244-246
eicosanoids and, 420-421 histopathologic lesions in, 246-247
GFR and, see Glomerular filtration rate in AT,-induced hy- prognosis and course of, 247-248
pertension treatment of, see Treatment of ANCA-negative rapidly pro-
nitric oxide and, 421 gressive glomerulonephritis
pressure natriuresis and, see Pressure natriuresis in AT,- Antiretroviral therapy
induced hypertension highly active, for HIV-associated nephropathy, 294-296
superoxide and, 421-422 see also specific antiretroviral drugs
tubular reabsorption and, see Tubular reabsorption in AT,- Antisense intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) oligonu-
induced hypertension cleotides, 118-119
Angiotensin II (AT,) receptor(s), role of, in renal pathophysi- Antithymocyte globulin (ATG; thymoglobulin/ATGAM), 35,
ology, 403-404 11, 115, 267-269
Angiotensin II (AT,) receptor antagonists Apoptosis, sublethal ischemic injury and, in ARF, 9-11
for ANCA-GN, 240 Apparent mineralocorticoid excess (AME) syndrome, low
for ANCA-negative RPGN, 252-253 renin hypertension and, 41
in chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 138 ARF, see Acute renal failure
for FSGS, 314 Arteriography, renal, patient selection for, 464-465
580 SUBJECT INDEX
Arteritis, giant cell and Takayasu, as ANCA GN and vasculitis, Bioartificial renal tubule assist device (RAD), 71-78
234 Biochemistry of rHuEPO, rHuEPO administration and, 368-271
Aspirin, 170, 183, 184, 467 Biofeedback on chronic dialysis, need for improved, 61-62
Assessment Biological response modifiers, lupus nephritis treatment with,
clinical, of ENaC subunits, 43 35-36
see also entries beginning with term: Diagnosis and specific Biomaterials in chronic dialysis, need to improve, 61
conditions Bladder drainage in SPK transplantation, complications of, 195
Associated conditions Blood flow, see Intrarenal blood fiow distribution in renovas-
with ANCA-negative RPGN, 247 cular disease
with RAS, 430 Blood levels of EPO, rHuEPO administration and, 366
Asymptomatic proteinuria with normal renal function in IMN, Blood lines, need for improvements in, 63
treatment of, 300-301 Blood pressure, see Hypertension
AT, see entries beginning with term: Angiotensin Blood transfusions, donor-specific, in management of chronic
Atenolol, 464-465 renal allograft dysfunction, 142
ATG (antithymocyte globulin), 35, 11, 115, 267-269 Body iron status, optimum, iron therapy and, 331-332
ATGAM/thymoglobulin, 35, 11, 115, 267-269 Bone marrow transplantation for lupus nephritis with ablative
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease chemotherapy and stem cell reconstitution, 35
FMD versus, in RAS, 426-427 Bosenten, 399
management of, 476-478 Brain death, and alloantigen-independent chronic renal allograft
ATN (acute tubular necrosis), bioartifical RAD impact on, dysfunction, 133-134
75-78
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) depletion, ischemia-induced
epithelial injury and, 6 C (complement), soluble receptor of, for ANCA-negative
Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs), 12, 14 RPGN, 251, 252
Autonomic neuropathy, effects of SPK transplantation on, 194 Ca (calcium)
Azathioprine (AZA; Imuran), 34, 170 cytosolic, rHuEPO effects on, rHuEPO-induced hypertension
for ANCA-GN, 239 and, 358-359
for ANCA-negative RPGN, 239, 250, 251 role of, in epithelial cell injury of ARF, 7-8
in chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 140, 149 Ca (calcium) antagonists, 179, 495, 496
for FSGS, 311, 313, 314 Ca channel blockers (CCBs), 141, 252, 253, 427-428
for IgA nephropathy, 279, 281-283 Cadherins in of ARF, 13-14
for IMN, 300, 303 Caffeine, 399
for lupus nephritis, 266, 267, 270, 271, Calcineurin inhibitors
in pediatric renal transplantation, 205 cytokine paradigm as basis for, 112-115
in SPK, 189 see also Cyclosporine; Rapamycin
in transplantation generally, 108-110, 113, 115-117 Calcium, see Ca; Ca antagonists; Ca channel blockers
Azithromycin, 154 Cancers, renal, gene therapy of, 56
Azotemia with moderate risk of RVH, 442-443 Candesartan, 406, 409, 412
Azoiemic nephropathy, see Ischemic nephropathy Captopril, 296, 405, 407, 438, 439, 481, 482
Captopril stimulation (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibi-
B- and T-cell costimulation tor-plasma renin activity) test, 433-435, 451, 464, 466
inhibitors of, see B- and T-cell costimulation inhibitors Cardiovascular disease (CVD), post-renal transplantation, 176-
as paradigm for immunosuppression, 117-118 187
B- and T-cell costimulation inhibitors, 29-30, 35-36, 204 acute rejection and, 183-184
in lupus nephritis, 271-272 cigarette smoking and, 182
Bacterial infections, see Infections, posttransplantation coagulopathies and, 183
Balloon angioplasty for renovascular disease, 466-469 diabetes mellitus and, 181-182
Basiliximab, 115 erythrocytosis and, 184
Benefits hyperlipidemia and, 180-181
of PTRA and renal artery stenting, 480 hypertension and, 177-180
of SPK transplantation, 193-195 incidence of, 176-177
Berger’s disease, see IgA nephropathy, treatment of posttransplantation infections and, 183
Beta (8)-adrenergic blockers, 179, 252, 253, 493, 496 pretransplant CVD and, 177
Bindarit, 252 pretransplant splenectomy and, 184
Bioartificial hemofilter, 78-79 tHcy and, 182-183
Bioartificial kidney, 71-82 Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ESRD, rHuEPO effects on,
bioartifical hemofilter and, 78-79 350-355
and bioartificial RAD, 71-78 on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, 351-352
erythropoietin cell therapy and, 80 on echocardiographic LV disease, 353-354
potential of, 79-80 hemodynamic effects of rHuEPO, 352-353; see also Hyper-
Bioartificial renal tubule, 72-73 tension, mechanism(s) of rHuEPO-induced
SUBJECT INDEX 581
on myocardial dysfunction, 350-351 Chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) in ischemic nephropathy,
optimal target Het and, 354 490-49|
Cardiovascular function, relationship between Hgb concentra- Chronic tubulointerstitial disease, gene therapy of,
tion, physical performance, cerebral function and, 382-383 Chronic vascular access failures, gene therapy of, 5
Care providers for ESRD, see Dialysis care providers Churg-Strauss syndrome, 234, 235, 237
Catecholamines, rHuEPO effects on, rHuEPO-induced hyper- Cigarette smoking, and post-renal transplantation CVD, 182
tension and, 358 Cilazapril, 278
CS5b (complement 5b), monoclonal antibody to, in lupus nephri- Ciprofloxacin, 155
tis, 29, 36 Cladribine, 34
CCBs (calcium channel blockers), 141, 252, 253, 427-428 Clarithromycin, 154
CDU (color Doppler ultrasound) of RAS, 445-449 Classification of ANCA-negative RPGN, 245, 247
Cellular immune response, chronic renal allograft dysfunction Clinical assessment of ENaC subunits, 43
and, 130-131
Clinical care in university hospital, organization of, by aca-
Cellular senescence, alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunc- demic renal division, 561-562
tion and, 135-136 Clinical efficacy of immunosuppressive agents, 109-119
Central transplantation tolerance, 210-211 of antisense ICAM-1 oligonucleotides, 118-119
Cerebral function, relationship between Hgb concentration, of ATGAM, 111
physical performance, cardiovascular function and, 382- of azathioprine, 109-110
383 of CsA and TRL, 113-115
CGN, see Crescentic glomerulonephritis of FTY720, 119
Chemotherapy of lupus nephritis, 34-35 of MMF, 110-111
ablative, bone marrow transplantation with stem cell recon-
of OKT3, 111-112
stitution and, 35
of sirolimus, 116-117
combination, 34-35
Clinical management, see Treatment
high-dose, 35
Clinical manifestations and presentation
with MMF and fludarabine, 34
of ANCA GN and vasculitis, 236-238
Chip technology, DNA, glomerular disease diagnosis with,
of ANCA-negative RPGN, 244-246
23-24
of ischemic nephropathy, 492
Chlorambucil
of lupus nephritis, 265
for FSGS, 311-313
of renovascular disease, 426-431
for GN in the elderly, 257-258
of SLE, pathogenesis and severity of, 33
for IgA nephropathy, 273
‘linical prediction rule for RAS, 465
for IMN, 300-303, 304
‘linical trials, see Controlled trials; Uncontrolled trials
for lupus nephritis, 268
‘lonidine, 493, 495
‘hronic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-negative rapidly
‘MV, see Cytomegalovirus infection
progressive glomerulonephritis (ANCA-negative RPGN),
‘oagulopathies, and post-renal transplantation CVD, 183
treatment of, 252-253
‘olchicine, 260
Chronic dialysis, 60-70
olor Doppler ultrasound (CDU) of RAS, 445-449
biofeedback in, 61-62
‘ombination chemotherapy of lupus nephritis, 34-35
biomaterials in, 61
blood lines in, 63 ‘ombination therapy
of ARF, 14-17
dialyzers for, see Dialyzer(s)
finding answers to socio-economic and administrative issues of RVH with AT, receptor antagonists and ACEIs, 407
in, 66-69 omplement (C), soluble receptor of, for ANCA-ne
hemofilters in, 63 RPGN, 251, 252
home HD, 63-64 omplement 5b (C5b), monoclonal antibody to, lu
integrated dialysis units for, 62-63 treatment with, 29, 36
PD, 65-66 ‘omplications
sterile dialysate, hemofiltration, HDF and, 62 bladder drainage, in SPK transplantation, 195
vascular access in, see Vascular access of diabetes mellitus, effects of SPK transplantation on, 194
Chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 126-147 195
alloantigen-dependent, see Alloantigen-dependent chronic of PTRA and renal artery stenting, 479-480
renal allograft dysfunction see also specifi COonaimtons and therapeutic nite? ntl
alloantigen-independent, see Alloantigen-independent chronic omposite rate of payment, Medicare, 568-570
renal allograft dysfunction ‘omputed tomography (CT) of renal function, 45 16]
management of, 139-142 ‘oncordant xenografts, discordant versus, 219
mechanisms of, 126-127 ‘oncurrent conditions, see Associated conditions
Chronic renal artery stenosis (RAS), EBCT estimation of renal ‘onditions and disorders
tubular dynamics in, 460 associated, see Associated conditions
Chronic renal failure, see Anemia management in dialyzed presenting as RAS, 427; see also Atherosclerotic renovascu
ESRD patients; Dialysis lar disease; Fibromuscular dysplasias
582 SUBJECT INDEX
Consolidation of dialysis facilities, care providers’ views on, for FSGS, 311-314
544-547 for GN in the elderly, 260, 262
Constitutional symptoms of ANCA GN and vasculitis, 236-238 for IgA nephropathy, 281-283
Consultation, nephrology, in early stages of ARF, 16 for IMN, 300, 302-303, 305
Controlled trials for lupus nephritis, 271, 273-274
of ANCA-negative RPGN therapies, 249-250 and post-renal transplantation CVD, 179, 181
design of potential ARF therapy, 16 and posttransplantation infections, 154-156, 158
see also Controlled trials of lupus nephritis treatment in renal transplantation, 202, 204, 205
Controlled trials of lupus nephritis treatment, 267-272 for transplantation in general, 108-110, 112-117
with experimental therapies, 271-272 in SPK, 188, 189, 192-195
with immunosuppression, 270-271 Cytokine(s)
with intensified initial cytotoxic therapy, 267-269 in alloimmune response, 98
with sequential treatment strategies, 269-270 in ARF, 14
Cortical perfusion within RBF autoregulation, fast CT measure- role of, in alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunction,
ment of, 458 138-139
Corticosteroids, see specific corticosteroids see also Cytokine paradigm of immunosuppression
Costimulation, see B- and T-cell costimulation; T-cell costimu- Cytokine paradigm of immunosuppression, | 12-117
lation calcineurin inhibitors in, see Calcineurin inhibitors
Costs IL-2R mAb reagents in, 115
of ACEI renography of RVH, 440-443 SDZ-RAD in, 117
of dialysis, 523-525 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
sharing of, for prescription drug insurance benefit, 538-539 alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunction and, 136
of SPK transplantation, 195 posttransplantation, management of, 156-157
see also Economics of nephrology Cytoplasmic antibodies, see Antineutrophil cytoplasmic anti-
Cotrimoxazole, 242 body glomerulonephritis and vasculitis; Antineutrophil cy-
Course and progression toplasmic antibody-negative rapidly progressive glomeru-
of ANCA-negative RPGN, 247-248 lonephritis
of RAS, 448-449 Cytosolic Ca [Ca*] and [Mg’]), rHuEPO effects on, rHuEPO-
Coverage, see Payment policy, Medicare ESRD program induced hypertension and, 358-359
Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) Cytotoxic T cells, 98-99
in the elderly, treatment of, 261 Cytotoxic therapy
pauci-immune ANCA, 235 of glomerular diseases in the elderly, 260
CRF (chronic renal failure), see Anemia management in dia- intensified initial, of lupus nephritis, 267-269
lyzed ESRD patients; Dialysis see also specific cytotoxic agents
CRI (chronic renal insufficiency) in ischemic nephropathy, 490-
49] Daclizumab, 115
Cryoglobulinemic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Danazol, 281
see Hepatitis C virus-associated membranoproliferative Dapsone, 281
glomerulonephritis Delayed xenograft rejection (DXR), immunopathology of,
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, essential, 234 228
CsA, see Cyclosporine Delivery of gene therapy, vehicles for, 50-51
CT (computed tomography) of renal function, 457-461 Demographics of renovascular disease, 428
CTLA4-immunoglobulin (Ig), 251, 252 De novo glomerulonephritis, see Recurrent and de novo
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic anglitis, essential, as ANCA GN merulonephritis, post-renal transplantation
and vasculitis, 234 Deoxyribonucleic acid, see DNA
CV-11974, 409 Deoxyspergualine, 252
CVD, see Cardiovascular disease, post-renal transplantation; Depletion paradigm of immunosuppression, 111-112
Cardiovascular disease in ESRD, rHuEPO effects on Design
CY-1503, 118 of insurance benefit for prescription drugs, 537-539
Cyclophosphamide, 28, 33-36, 108, 166-170 service bundle, 567-568
for ANCA GN, 237-240 Diabetes mellitus
for ANCA-negative RPGN, 250, 251 and post-renal transplantation CVD, 181-182
for FSGS, 311-314 see also Diabetic nephropathy; Diabetic retinopathy
for GN in the elderly, 258, 259, 261 Diabetic nephropathy
for HCV-associated glomerular disease, 288, 290 gene therapy of, 55
for lupus nephritis, 266-271, 273, 274 see also Pancreas-kidney transplantation for diabetic ne-
for IMN, 300-303, 305 phropathy
Cyclosporine (CsA), 28, 34, 166, 169-171, 214 Diabetic retinopathy, effects of SPK transplantation on, 194
for ANCA-negative RPGN, 244 Diagnosis, see Diagnosis of posttransplantation infections; Di-
in chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 127, 137, 138, 140, agnosis of renovascular disease; Molecular diagnosis spe-
142 cific conditions and diagnostic procedures
SUBJECT INDEX
Diagnosis of posttransplantation infections, Discordant xenografts, 219-220
microbiological, 152-154 concordant versus, 219
pathological, 152 rejection of, immunobiology of, 219-220
radiologic, 150-152 Diuretics, 439, 481, 493, 496-497
Diagnosis of RAS see also specific diuretics
with CDU and ultrasound, 445-449 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
in DRASTIC study, 464-466 lupus nephritis treatment with DNA toleragens, 36
with MRA, 451-453 see also DNA chip technology; Gene(s)
Diagnosis of renovascular disease DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) chip technology, glomerular dis-
of ischemic nephropathy, 492-493 ease diagnosis with, 23-24
see also Diagnosis of RAS; Diagnosis of RVH: Magnetic Donor species in xenotransplantation, 218-219
resonance angiography of renovascular disease concordant species combinations, 219
Diagnosis of RVH selection of, and risk of zoonoses in, 218-219
with Doppler and ultrasound, 445-449 see also Discordant xenografts
see also Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor renogra- Donor-specific blood transfusions (DSTs) in management of
phy; Functional studies of RVH chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 142
Dialysate, sterile, development of, as new millennium chal- Dopamine in ARF, 12
Doppler, color, of RAS, 445-449
lenge, 62
Dialysis Dose
ATGAM, I11
for ANCA GN and/or vasculitis, 240-241
daclizumab and basiliximab, 115
for ARF, 17
iron dextran test, 326, 332
cost of, 523-525
rHuEPO, administration route and, 368-371
evolution of technologies, 526-529
patient’s views of dialysis care, by, 66 see also specifi pharmac ological agents
Drainage of bladder in SPK transplantation, complications of,
see also Anemia management in dialyzed ESRD patients;
195
Chronic dialysis; Dialyzer(s) and entries beginning with
DRASTIC (Dutch Renal Artery Stenosis Intervention Cooper-
term: Dialysis
ative) study, 463-473
Dialysis adequacy, Medicare payment policy and, 568-569
aim of, 464
Dialysis care providers
diagnosis in, 464-466
effects of Medicare payment policy on, 573-574
treatment in, 466-469
see also Dialysis care providers’ views
Drugs, see specific drugs and conditions
Dialysis care providers’ views, 543-555
DSTs (donor-specific blood transfusions) in management of
on achieving marketplace success, 547-548
chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 142
on consolidation of dialysis facilities, 544-547
Dutch Renal Artery Stenosis Intervention Cooperative study,
on issues facing dialysis community, 548-550 see DRASTIC study
on Medicare ESRD program, see Payment policy, Medicare DXR (delayed xenograft rejection), immunopathology of, 225
ESRD program, dialysis care providers’ views on
IIR
Dialysis community, dialysis providers’ views on issues facing, Dysplasias, see Fibromuscular dysplasias
548-550
Dialysis facilities, see Dialysis care providers Early initiation of chronic dialysis, need for, 66-67
Dialysis section of academic renal division, 558-559 Early stages of ARF, nephrology consultation in, 16
Dialysis units
EBCT (electron beam computed tomography) of renal function,
desirability of nephrologist’s presence in, 66
458-461
need for integrated, 62-63 EBV infection, see Epstein-Barr virus infection
Dialyzer(s) Echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) disease, rHuEP¢
new developments in, 63
effects on, 353-354
see also Dialyzer reuse Economics of nephrology
Dialyzer reuse, 65, 526-534 introduction to, 503-504
dialysis technologies and, 52 see also Academic renal division; Dialysis care providers
effects of, on outcomes, 532 Dialyzer reuse; Payment policy, Medicare ESRD program
efficiency of, 532-533 Political economy of nephrology
evolution in, 529-531 Edema, pulmonary, in ischemic nephropathy, 491
prevalence and types of, 531 Effectiveness of current Medicare policies, 567-572
regulation of, 531-532 of Medicare+Choice policies, 570-571
Differential display of expressed mRNAs (messenger ribonu- for renal transplantation, 571-572
cleic acids), glomerular disease diagnosis with, 21-23 of traditional policy, 567-570
Diphenhydramine, | 12 Effector mechanisms of allograft rejection, 98-101
Dipyridamole, 168, 170, 279 alloantibodies, 99-100
Direct vasopressor action of rHuEPO, rHuEPO-induced hyper- cytotoxic T lymphocytes, 98-99
tension and, 358-359 macrophages and NK cells, 99
584 SUBJECT INDEX
EGF (epidermal growth factor) in ARF, 14 Expenditure(s), see Economics of nephrology; Expenditures,
Eicosanoids Medicare ESRD
in AT,-induced hypertension, 420-421 Expenditures, Medicare ESRD, 516-522
see also Prostaglandins; Thromboxane A, drivers of, 566-567
Elderly, the, treatment of GN in, 256-264 1974-1998, 518-521
of amyloidosis, 259-261 Experimental therapies of lupus nephritis, 271-272
of crescentic GN or RPGN, 261 Expressed mRNAs, see entries beginning with terms: Reverse
of FSGS, 261-262 transcriptase
of membranous GN, 257-258
of minimal change disease, 259 Fast computed tomography (CT) of renal function, 457-458
Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) of renal func- Fibrillary-immunotactoid glomerulopathy, post-renal transplan-
tion, 458-461 tation recurrent or de novo, 171-172
ENaC (epithelial sodium channel), low-renin hypertension and, Fibromuscular dysplasias (FMD)
42-43 MRA of, 453-454
Enalapril, 409, 438, 464-465, 481 PTRA effects on, 476
Endothelial/host interactions versus atherosclerosis, RAS and, 426-427
during DXR, 226-227 Fish oil, 167, 278, 280
during hyperacute xenograft rejection, 222 FK506, see Tacrolimus
Endothelin (ET) Flash pulmonary edema, 481
as mediator of renin release in RVH, 398-399 Fluconazole, 155, 156, 160
rHuEPO effects on, 357 Flucytosine, 154
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) in ARF, 12 Fludarabine, 34, 269
End-stage renal disease, see Anemia management in dialyzed Fluid retention, renal, in ischemic nephropathy, 491
Fluvastatin, 282
ESRD patients; Dialysis; Payment policy, Medicare ESRD
FMD, see Fibromuscular dysplasias
program; Renal transplantation
Focal segmenta! glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Epidemiology
post-renal transplantation recurrent, 164-166
of ischemic nephropathy, 492
see also Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, treatment of
of renovascular disease, 426-431
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), treatment of, 309-
see also specific conditions
317
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) in ARF, 14
in the elderly, 261-262
Epithelial cell injury in ARF, 5-9
initial, 310-311
acidosis and, 9
nonspecific treatment, 314
adenine nucleotide metabolism and, 8
molecular approach to, 28
Ca role in, 7-8
of post-renal transplantation recurrent FSGS, 314
mechanisms of, 5-7
of steroid-resistant FSGS, 311-314
phospholipases and, 8-9
Folic acid, 183
proteases and, 9
Fosinopril, 296
sublethal, 9-11
FSGS, see Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), low-renin hypertension and, FTY720, 119
42-43
Function, see Cardiovascular function; Functional studies of
EPO, see rHuEPO for anemia in dialyzed ESRD patients RVH; Renal function
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection Functional studies of RVH
posttransplantation, management of, 158 of PRA, 432-436
PTLD and, in pediatric renal transplantation, 205 see also Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor renogra-
Erythrocytosis, post-renal transplantation CVD and, 184 phy
Erythromycin, 154 Fungal infection, posttransplantation, management of, 160-161
Erythropoiesis, physiology of, and routes of rHuEPO adminis- Furosemide, 459, 495
tration, 366-368
Erythropoiesis stimulating protein, see Novel erythropoiesis Gamma (y) globulin, intravenous, 250, 251, 300
stimulating protein Ganciclovir, 155, 157, 161
Erythropoietin, see rHuEPO for anemia in dialyzed ESRD G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor), 35
patients Gene(s)
Erythropoietin cell therapy, bioartificial kidney and, 80 glomerular disease-related, identification of, 24-27
ESRD (end-stage renal disease), see Anemia management in SLE; 32; 33
dialyzed ESRD patients; Dialysis; Medicare end-stage re- see also DNA; Gene therapy; mRNA expression; Target gene
nal disease program; Renal transplantation expression in molecular diagnosis of rejection and entries
Essential cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, 234 beginning with terms: Reverse transcriptase
Essential hypertension, see Hypertension Gene therapy, 47-59, 120
ET, see Endothelin; Endothelin-1 described, 48-50
Etanercept, 29 of genetic renal diseases, 52-53
SUBJECT INDEX 585
of GN, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic tubulointerstitial dis- HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) for HIV-associ-
ease, 53-54 ated nephropathy, 294-296
of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy, 55 Het, see Hematocrit in dialyzed ESRD patients
iatrogenic diseases due to, 56 HCV-MPGN, see Hepatitis C virus-associated membranopro
of ischemic renal disease, 54-55 liferative glomerulonephritis
of lupus nephritis, 36 Hcy (homocysteine), total, post-renal transplantation CVD and.
needs in, and current obstacles to, 56-57 182-183
regulating expression of therapeutic genes in, 51-52 HD (hemodialysis), see Dialysis
in renal cancers and chronic vascular access failures, 56 HDF (hemodiafiltration), 62
in renal transplantation, 55-56 Health maintenance organizations (HMOs), recommendations
transplantation tolerance and, 120 to, on nephrologist training, 88
vehicles for delivery of, 50-51 Heavy proteinuria in IMN, 301-303
3 Hematocrit (Hct) of dialyzed ESRD patients
Genetic screening for glomerular disease, 27-28 features of, compared with Hgb, successful anemia manage
GFR, see Glomerular filtration rate ment and, 332
GH (growth hormone), recombinant human, 202-203 impact of, on mortality and morbidity, 345-349
Giant cell arteritis, as ANCA GN and vasculitis, 234 optimal target, 354, 368
Globulin, see entries beginning with term: Cryoglobulinemic Hematologic factors in ARF, 11-14
and acronym: Ig Hemodiafiltration (HDF), 62
Glomerular diseases, see Treatment of glomerular disease(s) Hemodialysis, see Dialysis
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Hemodynamic effects of rHuEPO, 3:
ARF prevention and need for new measures of, 15 sion, mechanism(s) of rHuEPO-induced
EBCT estimation of, 461 Hemofilters
see also Glomerular filtration rate in AT,-induced hyperten- bioartificial, 78-79
sion improving, as new millennium challenge, 63
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in AT,-induced hypertension, Hemofiltration
418-420 improving, as new millennium challenge, 62
AT, regulation of, 419 see also Hemofilters
effects of enhanced tubular reabsorption and/or reduced pres- Hemoglobin (Hgb)
sure natriuresis on, 418-419 features of, compared with Hct, in determination of success
sensitivity of preglomerular vessels to AT, and reduced, ful anemia management, 332
419-420 optimal target, 382-386
Glomerulonephritis (GN) Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), post-renal transplantatior
gene therapy of, 53-54 recurrent, 170-171
see also Treatment of glomerular disease(s) and specific Henoch Schoénlein purpura (HSP), 167
types of glomerulonephritis; for example: Antineutrophil Heparin-warfarin, 279
cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis and vasculitis Hepatitis C virus-associated membranoproliferative glomerulo
Glomerulosclerosis (GS) nephritis (HCV-MPGN)
gene therapy of, 53-54 de novo, 168-169
see also Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis see also Hepatitis C virus-associated membranoproliterative
Glucocorticoid(s), see specific glucocorticoids glomerulonephritis, treatment of
Glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism (GRA), low-renin Hepatitis C virus-associated membranoproliferative glomerulo
hypertension and, 41-42 nephritis (HCV-MPGN), treatment of, 286-292
Glycemic control achieved with SPK transplantation, 193-194 coincident with HIV infection, 289
GN, see Glomerulonephritis with IFN-a, 288-290
GRA (glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism), low-renin hy- with immunosuppression and plasmapheresis, 288
pertension and, 41-42 in liver transplantation, 289-290
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), 35 of recurrent HCV-MPGN in renal transplantation, 290
Granulomatosis, Wegener’s, 169, 234, 235, 237, 239 with ribavirin, 289, 290
Granzyme B expression in molecular diagnosis of rejection, Hepatitis viruses
quantitating magnitude of, 104-105 posttransplantation infections due to, management of,
Growth and development, postpediatric renal transplantation, 160
202-203 see also specific types of hepatitis
Growth factor(s) Heteropolymers, antigen-based, 2:
in alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunction, 138-139 Hgb, see Hemoglobin
in ARF, 14 HHV-6 (human herpesvirus-6) infection, posttransplantation,
inhibitors of, for ANCA-negative RPGN, 252 management of, 158-159
Growth hormone (GH), recombinant human, 202-203 HHV-8 (human herpesvirus-8) infection, posttransplantation,
GS, see Glomerulosclerosis management of, 159
586 SUBJECT INDEX
High-dose chemotherapy of lupus nephritis, 35 Hypertension, mechanism(s) of rHuEPO-induced, 356-363
High risk characteristics of, 356-357
for IMN, treatment of patients at, 301-303 direct rHuEPO vasopressor action as, 359
for RVH, ACEI renography and, 443 rHuEPO effects on cytosolic [Ca?] and [Mg’], 358-359
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) of HIV-associ- rHuEPO effects on prostaglandins and catecholamines, 358
ated nephropathy, 294-296 rHuEPO effects on renin-angiotensin system, 357-358
Histopathologic lesions in ANCA-negative RPGN, 246-247 rHuEPO effects on vascular structure, 360-361
History rHuEPO effects on vasodilatory system, 360
of developing ideas on renovascular hypertension, 388-393 rHuEPO effects on vasopressor systems, 357
legacy issues in political economy of nephrology, 506-511 Hypertension section of academic renal division, 559
of xenotransplantation, 217-218
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection Iatrogenic diseases due to gene therapy, 56
posttransplantation, management of, 160 ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) oligonucleotides,
treatment of MPGN associated with HCV and, 289 antisense, 118-119
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), treatment of, 293-298 Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), treatment of, 299-
HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-B27, 85-84, 120 308
HLA (human leukocyte antigen) matching, chronic renal allo- clinical trials of, 300
graft dysfunction and, 130 in high risk patients, 301-303
HMG-CoA (hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase in low risk patients, 300-301
inhibitors, 141, 180-181, 282, 287, 304 nonimmunologic, 304
HMOs (health maintenance organizations), recommendations nonspecific, 303-304
to, on nephrologist training, 88 of secondary effects of IMN, 304
Home hemodialysis (HD), 63-64 IFN-q@ (interferon-a), 159, 288-290
Homocysteine (Hcy), total, and post-renal transplantation CVD Ig (immunoglobulin)
and, 182-183 CTLA4-, for ANCA-negative RPGN, 251, 252
intravenous, for IMN, 300
Hormonal mediators of renin release in RVH, 397-399
Ig (immunoglobulin)-Fe infusions for ANCA-negative RPGN,
Hospitalization risks with CRF, Hct impact on, 347-348
Zo LOL
HSP (Henoch Schonlein purpura), 167, 234
Ig (immunoglobulin)-like family in ARF, 13
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection, posttransplantation,
IgA (Berger’s disease) nephropathy (IgAN), treatment of,
management of, 158
285
Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection, posttransplantation,
with ACE inhibitors, 278-280, 283
management of, 159
with cyclophosphamide, 281, 283
Human immunodeficiency virus, see HIV infection; HIV-asso-
with fish oil, 280
ciated nephropathy, treatment of
with glucocorticoids, 279-280
Human leukocyte antigen, see HLA-B27; HLA matching
with MMF, 281, 283
Humoral immune response, chronic renal allograft dysfunction
with renal transplantation, 282-283
and, 131-132
post-renal transplantation recurrent, 166-167
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome), post-renal transplantation
with tonsillectomy, 281
recurrent, 170-171
IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) in ARF, 14
Hydralazine, 481, 495, 496
IgG (gamma globulin; immunoglobulin G), intravenous, 250,
Hydrochlorothiazide, 464-465, 481, 496 251, 300
40-O-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin (SDZ-RAD), 117
IL, see entries beginning with term: Interleukin
Hydroxy-methylglutary] coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase Immune crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), serology of
inhibitors, 141, 180-181, 282, 287, 304
ANCA pauci-, 235
Hyperacute xenograft rejection, 220-225 Immune response in chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 130-
132
overcoming, 223-225 cellular, 130-131
pathobiology of, 220-222 humoral, 131-132
Hypercholesterolemia, EBCT of renal tubular dynamics in, Immunobiology of discordant xenograft rejection, 219-220
460-461 Immunoglobulin, see entries beginning with acronym: Ig
Hyperlipidemia Immunopathology of DXR, 225-228
and alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunction, 136-137 Immunosuppression, 108-125
and post-renal transplantation CVD, 180-181 B- and T-cell costimulation paradigm for, 117-118
Hypertension and chronic renal allograft dysfunction, 129-130, 137, 139-
and alloantigen-independent allograft dysfunction, 137-138 140
and post-renal transplantation CVD, 177-180 cytokine paradigm of, see Cytokine paradigm of immuno-
SPK transplantation effects on, 194 suppression
see also Angiotensin II-induced hypertension; DRASTIC depletion paradigm of, 111-112
study; Hypertension, mechanism(s) of rHuEPO-induced; determinants of net state of, 150
Low-renin hypertension; Treatment of hypertension for GN, 270-271, 288, 303