Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7166 CommencedPublicationin1973 FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen EditorialBoard DavidHutchison LancasterUniversity,UK TakeoKanade CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK JonM.Kleinberg CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA AlfredKobsa UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA FriedemannMattern ETHZurich,Switzerland JohnC.Mitchell StanfordUniversity,CA,USA MoniNaor WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel OscarNierstrasz UniversityofBern,Switzerland C.PanduRangan IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India BernhardSteffen TUDortmundUniversity,Germany MadhuSudan MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA GerhardWeikum MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany Fernando A. Kuipers Poul E. Heegaard (Eds.) Self-Organizing Systems 6th IFIP TC 6 International Workshop, IWSOS 2012 Delft, The Netherlands, March 15-16, 2012 Proceedings 1 3 VolumeEditors FernandoA.Kuipers DelftUniversityofTechnology FacultyofElectricalEngineering,MathematicsandComputerScience P.O.Box5031,2600GADelft,TheNetherlands E-mail:[email protected] PoulE.Heegaard NorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology DepartmentofTelematics O.S.Bragstadsplass2B,7491Trondheim,Norway E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-28582-0 e-ISBN978-3-642-28583-7 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-28583-7 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012932131 CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,D.4.4,C.2.4,C.4,H.3,H.2.8,I.2.11 LNCSSublibrary:SL5–ComputerCommunicationNetworksandTelecommuni- cations ©IFIPInternationalFederationforInformationProcessing2012 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,1965, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsareliable toprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This book contains research articles from the IFIP International Workshop on Self-Organizing Systems (IWSOS), held in Delft, The Netherlands, in March 2012. This wasthe sixthworkshopin a series of multidisciplinaryevents dedicated toself-organizationinnetworkedsystemswiththemainfocusoncommunication and computer networks. The concept of self-organization is becoming increas- ingly popular in various branches of technology. A self-organizing system may be characterized by global, coordinated activity arising spontaneously from lo- cal interactions between the system’s components. This activity is distributed over all components, without a central controller supervising or directing the behavior. Self-organization relates the behavior of the individual components (the microscopiclevel)to the resultingstructure andfunctionalityof the overall system(themacroscopiclevel).Simpleinteractionsatthe microscopiclevelmay give rise to complex, adaptive, and robust behavior at the macroscopic level. The necessity of self-organization in technological networks is caused by the growingscale,complexity,anddynamicsoffuturenetworkedsystems.Thisisbe- cause traditional methods tend to be reductionistic, i.e., they neglect the effect of interactions between components. However, in complex networked systems, interactionscannotbe ignored,sincetheyarerelevantforthe futurestateofthe system. In this sense, self-organization becomes a useful approach for dealing withthecomplexityinherentinnetworkedsystems.Sinceself-organizationprin- ciples do not only apply to the Internet, but also to a variety of other complex networks, like transportation networks, telephony networks, smart electricity grids, smart cities, financial networks, social networks, and biological networks, IFIPIWSOS2012alsoinvitedarticleson“NetworkScience”and“ComplexNet- works Theory”that focus on self-organizing systems. TheIFIPIWSOS2012committeereceived28submissionsfrom16countries. Threepaperswereimmediatelyrejectedduetowrongscopeornon-conformance with the template. Each of the remaining 25 submissions found to be eligible was in general reviewed by three members (papers with only two reviews had consistent reviews) of the Technical Program Committee. In total, 65 reviews were performed. Based on these reviews, ten papers were accepted. Five full papers were accepted out of the 20 full papers submitted, i.e., 25% acceptance rate.Inaddition,fiveshortpaperswereaccepted,whichincludedthreeoutofthe eight short paper submissions, plus two full papers that were accepted as short papers.Twoadditionalpublicationswereinvitedfor the workshop.The authors of the papers are from Italy, The Netherlands, Czech Republic, Germany, UK, South Korea, USA, Israel, Austria, and Norway. VI Preface The following key IWSOS topics were addressed: – Design and analysis of self-organizing and self-managing systems – Inspiring models of self-organizationin nature and society – Structure, characteristics and dynamics of self-organizing networks – Techniques and tools for modeling self-organizing systems – Robustness and adaptation in self-organizing systems – Self-organization in complex networks like peer-to-peer, sensor, ad-hoc, ve- hicular and social networks – Control of self-organizingsystems – Decentralized power management in the smart grid – Self-organizing group and pattern formation – Self-organizing mechanisms for task allocation, coordination and resource allocation – Self-organizing information dissemination and content search – Risks and limits of self-organization The IWSOS series brings together leading international researchers to create a visionary forum for discussing the future of self-organization.It addresses theo- reticalaspects of self-organizationas well as applicationsin communicationand computer networks and complex networks. IFIPIWSOS2012wastechnicallysponsoredbyIFIP—theInternationalFed- erationfor InformationProcessing—andcosponsoredby the EuropeanNetwork of Excellence Euro-NF. TheIFIPIWSOS2012workshopfeaturedtwokeynotetalksgivenbyShlomo Havlin, Bar-IlanUniversity, Israel,and KarlAberer, EPFL,Switzerland. In ad- dition, two panel sessions were organized:(1) Self-OrganizingSmart Grids, and (2)Self-OrganizedResilience,as wellasa postersessionwitha studentresearch competition. January 2012 Fernando A. Kuipers Poul E. Heegaard Organization General Chairs Piet Van Mieghem Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Program Chairs Fernando Kuipers Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Poul Heegaard NTNU-Trondheim, Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Norway Publicity Chairs Maria Kihl Lund University, Sweden Karin Anna Hummel University of Vienna, Austria Local Organization Christian Doerr Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Huijuan Wang Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Wendy Murtinu-van Schagen Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Steering Committee Hermann de Meer University of Passau,Germany David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Bernhard Plattner ETH Zurich, Switzerland James Sterbenz University of Kansas,USA Randy Katz UC Berkeley, USA Georg Carle TU Munich, Germany (IFIP TC6 Representative) Karin Anna Hummel University of Vienna, Austria VIII Organization Technical Program Committee Ozalp Babaoglu University of Bologna,Italy Yuriy Brun University of Washington, USA Christian Doerr Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Raissa D’Souza University of Calfornia, Davis, USA Falko Dressler University of Innsbruck, Austria Stefan Dulman Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Schahram Dustdar Vienna University of Technology, Austria Wilfried Elmenreich University of Klagenfurt, Austria Alois Ferscha University of Linz, Austria Kurt Geihs University of Kassel, Germany Carlos Gershenson Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de M´exico, Mexico Salima Hassas University of Lyon, France Boudewijn Haverkort University of Twente, The Netherlands Bjarne Helvik Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Tom Holvoet Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Guy Leduc University of Li`ege, Belgium Hein Meling University of Stavanger, Norway Juval Portugali Tel Aviv University, Israel Christian Prehofer Fraunhofer ESK, Germany Andreas Riener Johannes Kepler Universit¨at Linz, Austria Hiroki Sayama Binghamton University, USA Marcus Sch¨oller NEC Europe Ltd., Germany Caterina Scoglio Kansas State University, USA Paul Smith Lancaster University, UK Ioannis Stavrakakis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Maarten van Steen VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Bosiljka Tadic Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia Marc Timme Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization,Germany Vito Trianni National Research Council - CNR, Italy Huijuan Wang Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Reviewers Ozalp Babaoglu University of Bologna,Italy Yuriy Brun University of Washington, USA Christian Doerr Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Organization IX Falko Dressler University of Innsbruck, Austria Schahram Dustdar Vienna University of Technology, Austria Wilfried Elmenreich University of Klagenfurt, Austria Rinde van Lon Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Kurt Geihs University of Kassel, Germany Carlos Gershenson Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de M´exico, Mexico Shaza Hanif Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Boudewijn Haverkort University of Twente, The Netherlands Patrick Heinrich Fraunhofer ESK, Germany Bjarne Helvik Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Tom Holvoet Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Guy Leduc University of Li`ege, Belgium Hein Meling University of Stavanger, Norway Ebisa Negeri Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Christian Prehofer Fraunhofer ESK, Germany Andreas Riener Johannes Kepler Universit¨at Linz, Austria Hiroki Sayama Binghamton University, USA Marcus Sch¨oller NEC Europe Ltd., Germany Paul Smith Lancaster University, UK Ioannis Stavrakakis National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece Maarten van Steen VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Bosiljka Tadic Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia Vito Trianni National Research Council - CNR, Italy Stijn Vandael Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Constantinos Vassilakis Greek Researchand Technology Network (GRNET), Greece Huijuan Wang Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands Kashif Zia University of Linz, Austria Table of Contents Invited Papers Distributed Storage Management Using Dynamic Pricing in a Self-OrganizedEnergy Community ................................. 1 Ebisa Negeri and Nico Baken Ant-Based Systems for Wireless Networks: Retrospect and Prospects ... 13 Laurent Paquereau and Bjarne E. Helvik Full Papers Triadic Motifs and Dyadic Self-Organization in the World Trade Network ........................................................ 24 Tiziano Squartini and Diego Garlaschelli On Measurement of Internal Variables of Complex Self-Organized Systems and Their Relation to Multifractal Spectra .................. 36 Dalibor Sˇtys, Petr Jizba, Sˇtˇep´an Pap´aˇcek, Toma´ˇs N´ahl´ık, and Petr C´ısaˇr Self-OrganisedRouting for Road Networks .......................... 48 Holger Prothmann, Sven Tomforde, Johannes Lyda, Ju¨rgen Branke, J¨org H¨ahner, Christian Mu¨ller-Schloer, and Hartmut Schmeck P2P and Cloud: A Marriage of Convenience for Replica Management ... 60 Hanna Kavalionak and Alberto Montresor Self-OrganizingSpatio-temporalPatternFormationinTwo-Dimensional Daisyworld...................................................... 72 Dharani Punithan and R.I. (Bob) McKay Short Papers Heuristic Resource Search in a Self-Organised Distributed Multi Agent System ......................................................... 84 Muntasir Al-Asfoor, Brendan Neville, and Maria Fasli AQuantitativeMeasure,MechanismandAttractorforSelf-Organization in NetworkedComplex Systems.................................... 90 Georgi Yordanov Georgiev MetroNet: A Metropolitan Simulation Model Based on Commuting Processes ....................................................... 96 Efrat Blumenfeld-Lieberthal and Juval Portugali